已筛选与未筛选麦草浆漂白性能的比较

以麦草氧碱浆为对象进行QPo漂白和OQPo漂白,比较了筛前浆与筛后浆的QPo漂白及OQPo漂白效果,分析了终漂浆的纤维特性及漂白废水的污染负荷.结果表明:筛前浆和筛后浆的OQPo漂白终漂浆的白度优于QPo漂白终漂浆,但OQPo漂白浆的黏度损失比QPo漂白浆大,得率低于QPo漂白浆;筛前浆的白度增值率和总浆得率都明显高于筛后浆,总浆得率最多比筛后浆高10.6个百分点,白度增值率最多比筛后浆高4.9个百分点;筛前浆与筛后浆终漂浆的重均纤维长度都在0.78mm左右,筛后浆的纤维粗度大于筛前浆;OQPo漂白废水从根本上消除了可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的产生,其BOD5和COD远远低于传统的CEH漂白.     

耐热耐碱木聚糖酶对马尾松KP浆的助漂性能

根据预处理前后纸浆黏度和卡伯值的变化,研究了耐热耐碱木聚糖酶X对马尾松硫酸盐浆预处理的选择性;通 过分析酶预处理对各漂段白度和终漂黏度的影响,揭示了该酶对D0E1D1E2D2漂白特性的影响。结果表明：耐热耐碱 木聚糖酶X预处理具有较高的助漂选择性,处理后纸浆的卡伯值和黏度变化不大;耐热耐碱木聚糖酶X的适应性较广 ,在pH 8.0~9.5、温度为75~80 ℃范围内都可以发挥其有效的助漂作用;在相同漂剂用量下,耐热耐碱木聚糖酶X预 处理可提高浆的终漂白度,而黏度略有下降,在达到相同白度(90 % ISO)时可减少D0段ClO2用量26 %~27 %。     

蔗渣浆的压力过氧化氢漂白

对烧碱-蒽醌(Soda-AQ)法蔗渣浆分别进行了螯合预处理(Q)和常压过氧化氢(P)、压力过氧化氢(PO)漂白的研究,探讨了单段PO漂白蔗渣浆的可行性.正交试验结果表明,PO漂白蔗渣浆优化的漂白条件为漂白温度100℃、时间80min、压力0.6MPa、NaOH用量0.4%.PO漂白浆的白度较高,达84.0%ISO,特性黏度为825.3mL/g,比QP漂白浆的白度高9.9%ISO;PO漂白浆的物理强度性能也较好,浆料的抗张指数为66.67N.m/g,撕裂指数为9.34mN.m2/g,耐破指数为4.31 kPa.m2/g,耐折度为39次.PO漂白废水的化学耗氧量、生化耗氧量及色度较低,漂白废水可全部逆流回用,大大减少了污染排放.     

白腐菌改性桉木CTMP浆的漂白研究

利用白腐菌改性处理可以显著提高机械浆的强度性能,有利于拓宽机械浆的应用范围.本文采用白腐菌Trametes hirsute 196对桉木CTMP浆进行改性处理,并探讨了白腐菌处理后纸浆的漂白工艺.研究结果表明:白腐菌处理使桉木CTMP浆白度值从49.6%下降到37.8%,且这种改性后纸浆的可漂性较差,H2O2和Na2S2O4单段漂后纸浆白度均在60%以下,但采用Na2S2O4—H2O2两段组合漂白工艺可以使漂后Bio-CTMP浆白度达到71.3%.     

Efficient and selective recovery of Ni,Cu, and Co from low-nickel matte via a hydrometallurgical process

Low-nickel matte was intensively characterized, and Ni, Cu, and Co were determined to exist mainly as (Fe,Ni)₉S₈ and FeNi₃, Cu₅FeS₄, and (Fe,Ni)₉S₈ and Fe₃O₄ (in isomorphic form), respectively. The efficient and selective extraction of Ni, Cu, and Co from the low-nickel matte in an (NH₄)₂S₂O₈/NH₃·H₂O solution system was studied. The effects of (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ and NH₃·H₂O concentrations, leaching time, and leaching temperature on the metal extraction efficiency were systematically investigated. During the oxidative ammonia leaching process, the metal extraction efficiencies of Ni 81.07%, Cu 93.81%, and Co 71.74% were obtained under the optimal conditions. The relatively low leaching efficiency of Ni was mainly ascribed to NiFe alloy deactivation in ammonia solution. By introducing an acid pre-leaching process into the oxidative ammonia leaching process, we achieved the high extraction efficiencies of 98.03%, 99.13%, and 85.60% for the valuable metals Ni, Cu, and Co, respectively, from the low-nickel matte.     

蔗渣浆ECF短序漂白流程的对比

对典型的蔗渣浆无元素氯(ECF)短序漂白流程D0EpD、OpDEp及OpD进行了对比,探讨了二氧化氯脱木素(D0)与过氧化氢强化氧脱木素(Op)的脱木素效率差异及对后续漂白的影响,并分析了漂白过程中可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的产生量和各漂白流程的直接化学品成本.结果表明:D0段脱木素选择性好,ClO2用量为0.8%时脱木素率即达40%以上,且用量越高脱木素作用越强;Op段在脱出纸浆中残余木素的同时能大幅提升纸浆白度,纸浆白度明显高于D0浆;相同后续漂白化学品用量下,OpDEp漂后浆白度高于D0EpD漂后浆白度,且比OpD漂后浆白度约高12个百分点;相同纸浆白度下,OpDEp漂白过程中产生的可吸附有机卤化物总量约为D0EpD的50%,其直接化学品成本比后者低约40.00元/t,具有更好的环境、经济效益.     

原位光反应法合成过氧桥连草酸铀酰配合物

在室温和实验室灯光照射条件下, 通过原位光化学反应, 分别以乙二胺和二亚乙基三胺为模板, 合成3种过氧桥连的草酸铀酰配合物[NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₃]₃[(UO₂)₂O₂(C₂O₄)₄]·4H₂O (1), [NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₂(CH₂)₂NH₃]₂[(UO₂)₂O₂(C₂O₄)₄]·2H₂O (2)和[NH₃(CH₂)₂NH₂(CH₂)₂NH₃]₂[(UO₂)₂O₂(C₂O₄)₄] (3)。借助单晶X射线衍射、拉曼光谱(Raman)、粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)和热重分析(TGA), 对配合物的结构及其性质进行表征和分析。1和2中U-O₂-U二面角为180°, 而通常过氧配合物的过氧二面角小于180°。2和3中过氧键的键长比正常的过氧键长短, 其中2更接近超氧键的键长, 但价态和拉曼图谱都表明其为过氧键。     

Complete stabilization of severely As-contaminated soil by a simple H2O2 pre-oxidation method combined with non-toxic TMT-15 and FeCl3·6H2O

The stabilization of severely As-polluted soil has been a challenge, especially for the extremely toxic As(Ⅲ) contaminants. In this study, soil with a high As concentration (26084 mg/kg) was availably stabilized by a H₂O₂ pre-oxidation assisted TMT-15 (Na₃S₃C₃N₃ solution with a mass fraction of 15%) and FeCl₃·6H₂O stabilization method. The results showed that the combination of the two stabilizers (i.e., TMT-15 and FeCl₃·6H₂O) presented a better stabilization behavior than either stabilizer used individually. The use of the H₂O₂ pre-oxidation assisted TMT-15 and FeCl₃·6H₂O stabilization approach not only converted the As(Ⅲ) to As(V) but also reduced the toxic leaching concentration of As to 1.61 mg/L, which is a safe level, when the additions of TMT-15 and FeCl₃·6H₂O were 2 mL and 0.20 g, respectively. Thus, using only a simple H₂O₂ pre-oxidation to combine clean stabilization with non-toxic stabilizers TMT-15 and FeCl₃·6H₂O could render the severely As-contaminated soil safe for disposal in a landfill.     

稠油硫酸盐热化学还原生成H2S实验研究

为了研究稠油注汽热采过程中生成H₂S机理，以Na₂SO₄，CaSO₄，MgSO₄，Fe₂（SO₄）₃，Al₂（SO₄）₃与稠油硫酸盐热化学还原（TSR）实验为基础，探究稠油TSR生成H₂S机理。实验表明，不同硫酸盐与稠油反应生成H₂S不尽相同，硫酸盐的阳离子所带电荷数决定TSR反应程度的难易，电荷数越多越容易进行反应，且H₂S生成量顺序为Al₂（SO₄）₃>Fe₂（SO₄）₃ > MgSO₄ > CaSO₄ > Na₂SO₄，但生成的烃量顺序为Fe₂（SO₄）₃ > Al₂（SO₄）₃ > MgSO₄ > CaSO₄ > Na₂SO₄。与其他硫酸盐不同的是，由于Fe₂（SO₄）₃的氧化性，Fe³⁺可能与生成的H₂S进一步反应。通过傅里叶红外变换光谱（FT-IR）对固相检测发现，不仅存在金属氧化物（CaO，MgO，Fe₂O₃，Al₂O₃）还存在FeS₂。最后，通过对MgSO₄油相硫含量的检测发现，反应后硫含量高于原油硫含量，证明了无机硫向有机硫的转化。     

Prediction model for atmospheric corrosion of 7005-T4 aluminum alloy in industrial and marine environments

Accelerated corrosion tests of the 7005-T4 aluminum alloy were conducted to determine a suitable service life prediction method by using alternating wet-dry cycles in three kinds of solutions. The morphology and composition analysis of the corrosion product revealed that slight corrosion occurred on the surfaces of the samples immersed in a 0.25wt% Na₂S₂O₈ solution. However, pitting corrosion occurred on the surfaces of the samples immersed in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution, whereas exfoliation corrosion occurred on the surfaces of the samples immersed in a mixture of 0.25wt% Na₂S₂O₈ and 3.5wt% NaCl solutions. A power exponent relationship was observed between the mass loss and exposure time of the 7005-T4 aluminum alloy immersed in the three kinds of solutions. In the mixture of 0.25wt% Na₂S₂O₈ and 3.5wt% NaCl solutions, the mass loss of the aluminum alloy yielded the maximum value. Based on the calculation of the correlation coefficients, the alternating wet-dry procedure in a 3.5wt% NaCl solution could be used to predict the corrosion behavior of 7005-T4 aluminum alloy exposed in the atmosphere of Qingdao, China. The prediction model is as follows:T=104.28·t0.91, where T is the equivalent time and t is the exposure time.     

STUDY ON THE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE FREE BLEACHING OF BAMBOO KRAFT PULP

1INTRODUCTIONChina is a country using the most variety of non-wood fiber raw material and is the largest country producing non-wood fiber pulp and paper in the world[1]. Bamboo is one kind of the main non-wood species for papermaking in China. Although the structure of raw materials for papermaking has being adjusted through increasing the proportion of wood pulp and by effectively utilizing waste paper source, non-wood species will still remain an important fiber resource[1,2].At present…     

微波辐射应用于麦草浆漂白工艺的研究

将微波辐射代替传统水浴加热应用于H2O2麦草浆漂白工艺中。研究了微波辐射时间、辐射功率、H2O2用量和NaOH用量等因素对纸浆漂白效果的影响。通过与传统水浴加热漂白对比发现,达到相应白度时微波辐射漂白时间大大缩短;微波辐射漂白纸浆粘度没有过多下降;微波辐射漂白废水中的残余过氧化物只有水浴漂白的10%。正交实验结果表明H2O2用量的影响最大,其次是微波辐射时间和NaOH用量,影响最小的是微波输出功率。最佳实验条件为微波辐射功率240?W、辐射时间25?min、H2O2用量5％和NaOH用量4％时纸浆白度约为59％ISO,纸浆粘度大于620?mL·g-1,纸浆硬度约为390。     

MODIFIED OPAL:A NOVEL STABILIZER FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING OF PULPS

The possibility of modified opal as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching was investigated. The results showed that the modified opal in place of sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching is feasible. At the same dosage, above 3% ISO can be increased for both wheat straw pulp and deinked pulp. The stabilizing ability of the modified opal to hydrogen peroxide bleaching of pulp is improved markedly. It is favorable for bleaching to increase temperature and time within a permissive extent. The suitable process conditions are 10% of pulp consistency, 3% of hydrogen peroxide, 1.5% of sodium hydroxide, 3% of the modified opal, 70℃ and 60 min when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching. At these conditions, the brightness gain can reach about 16% ISO for wheat straw pulp. In addition, it is favorable for bleaching to add a little magnesium sulfate when the modified opal is used as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the brightness of pulp can increase I%ISO if0.05% of magnesium sulfate is added. The cost analysis indicated that the modified opal is superior to sodium silicate as the stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide bleaching in economical aspect and has further the potential of market development.     

蔗渣浆全无氯漂白的研究

本本文探讨了在Op段低NaOH用量,P段低H2O2用量的条件下采用OpQP流程将蔗渣浆漂至82%ISO的可行性,并讨论了非硅过氧化氢漂白稳定剂代替硅酸钠用于过氧化氢漂白的可行性。研究表明非硅过氧化氢稳定剂PP-2,PP-1耐高温、高压,可用于压力过氧化氢漂白。在Op段2%NaOH,0.5%H2O2;P段3% H2O2,PP-1 0.1%, PP-2 0.5%条件下,蔗渣浆采用OpQPo流程,漂后浆白度达到85%ISO。OpQPo从根本上消除了AOX的产生,经测定漂白废水属于可生物降解废水,只有Q和P段的部分废水进入废水处理系统, 容易通过常规的污水处理方法达到日益严格的国家排放标准。     

连二亚硫酸钠在我国造纸工业中的应用前景

介绍了还原性漂白剂连二亚硫酸钠在国内外造纸工业的应用现状 ,阐述了连二亚硫酸钠的漂白机理、特点、应用范围和应用方式。对连二亚硫酸钠在我国造纸工业的应用前景做了分析和评价     

蔗渣浆的全无氯漂白工艺

对蔗渣浆采用过氧化氢强化的氧脱木素(OP)-螯合预处理(Q)-压力过氧化氢漂白(PO)的短序漂白,探讨了将蔗渣浆漂至82%ISO和用非硅过氧化氢漂白稳定剂代替硅酸钠用于过氧化氢漂白的可行性.研究表明,非硅过氧化氢稳定剂PP-1与PP-2耐高温、耐高压,可用于压力过氧化氢漂白.OP段氢氧化钠用量为2.0%(相对于绝干浆质量,下同)、过氧化氢用量为0.5%,PO段过氧化氢用量为3.0%、PP-1用量为0.1%、PP-2用量为0.5%时,蔗渣浆采用OPQPO流程漂白后,浆的白度可达到85%ISO.而且OPQPO从根本上消除了可吸附有机卤化物的产生;经测定,漂白废水属于可生物降解废水.     

云南松-蓝桉混合浆漂白的研究

改进的硫酸盐蒸煮浆比常规硫酸盐浆有较好的漂白性，在相同的漂白工艺条件下，改进的硫酸盐蒸煮浆比常规硫酸盐浆所用的化学药品少而成浆白度高。用改良硫酸盐法制得的浆比常规硫酸盐法制得的浆易漂；用氧碱次氯酸钠漂白，蓝桉比例大的成浆白度高，比例少的白度较差，且氧碱次氯酸钠漂白比常规次氯酸钠漂白成浆白度可提高2～3倍；过氧化物H2O2的漂白过程聚合度下降较少，很适合强煮弱漂的制浆工艺，成浆白度与次氯酸钠相差不大，但可减少污染。用蓝桉60％的混合材制的浆粕，进行纺丝验证试验，纺丝的各种性能好，能纺出质量较好的粘胶纤维。     

HE EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL IONS-IRON ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING

Hydrogen peroxide bleaching has been extensively used in high-yield pulp bleaching. Unfortunately,hydrogen peroxide can be decomposed under alkaline condition, especially when transition metal ions exit. Experiments show that the valence of transition metal ion is also responsible for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.Iron ions are present in two oxidation states, Fe2+ and Fe3+. They are both catalytically active to hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Because Fe3+ is brown, it can affect the brightness of pulp directly, it can also combine with phenol, forming complexes which not only are stable structures and are difficult to be removed from pulp, but also significantly affect the brightness of pulp because of their color.Sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate, when used together, can greatly decrease hydrogen peroxide decomposition. The optimum dosage of sodium silicate is about 0.1% (on solution) for Fe2+ and 0.25% (on solution) for Fe3+. Adding chelants such as DTPA or EDTA with stabilizers simultaneously can obviously improve pulp brightness. For iron ions, the chelate effect of DTPA is better than that of EDTA.Under acidic conditions, sodium hyposulfite and cellulose can reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ effectively, and pulp brightness is improved greatly. Adding sodium thiosulfate simultaneously with magnesium sulfate,sodium silicate, and DTPA to alkaline peroxide solution can result in higher brightness of pulp.pH is a key parameter during hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the optimum pH value should be 10.5-12.     

THE EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL IONS-IRON ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING

INTRODUCTIONHydrogen peroxide bleaching has been extensively used in high-yield pulp bleaching. IT is well known that hydrogen peroxide can be easily decomposed under alkaline conditions, especially in the presence of transition metal ions due to their catalyzing effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Some recent reports show that the valence of transition metal ion can have a drastic effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.Generally, iron can exist in Fe2+ and Fe3+…