两类耗能式桥墩防船撞护舷性能研究

设置耗能式防撞护舷已成为目前减少桥墩受船撞损失的有效方法.文章从碰撞力规范公式以及材料力学特性分析了低碳钢防撞护舷和FRP防撞护舷的工作原理,通过ANSYS-LS/DYNA软件建立船舶、低碳钢防撞护舷以及FRP防撞护舷模型,分析了低碳钢防撞护舷与FRP防撞护舷防撞性能的异同.结果表明,在相同板厚设置下,低碳钢防撞护舷同FRP防撞护舷相比,低碳钢防撞护舷最大碰撞力更高、耗能比例更高.在不同板厚设置下,即不同护舷刚度设置下,两类耗能式防撞护舷性能都受船艏与防撞护舷的刚度比影响.在船艏刚度不变时,随着船艏与防撞护舷的刚度比减小,船与防撞护舷碰撞力增大,防撞护舷的耗能比例减小.     

考虑墩顶约束作用的桥墩船撞力学模型及其响应

在考虑上部主梁对桥墩墩顶约束及基础约束作用的基础上,建立了边界条件合理的船舶与桥墩撞击理论力学模型,采用Laplace正变换和Crump逆变换,对该动力控制微分方程进行理论求解并分析撞击力与位移响应。将理论计算结果与欧洲规范以及未考虑墩顶约束的悬臂墩模型计算值进行了比较,结果表明考虑被撞桥墩墩顶受上部结构的约束作用对撞击响应的影响较为显著。分析上部主梁结构等效约束刚度与被撞桥墩船撞力及墩顶位移的关系并与欧洲规范和铁路规范进行了比较。建立了峰值撞击力简化计算公式,该公式在欧洲规范的基础上增加考虑了桥墩侧向刚度、船舶质量及船艏刚度等因素,与其他规范公式在改变不同参数的情况下进行了比较,验证了其具有较好的适用性。     

珠海淇澳大桥船撞能力评估及防撞设计

淇澳大桥主桥为双塔独柱式单索面预应力混凝土斜拉桥,为判断桥墩结构是否满足防撞要求,采用MIDAS计算了桥墩抵抗船舶撞击力值,运用有限元建立了桥墩模型计算5000 t船舶撞击大桥2#主塔桥墩,及500 t船舶撞击引桥1#、0#桥墩的撞击力,撞击力计算与经验公式结果进行对比.结果表明,有限元法与美国ASSHTO规范计算较为接近,桥梁抗撞能力满足防船撞要求.考虑船桥双重保护的理念,船桥撞击时最大程度上保护船舶和降低桥梁损伤,主塔桥墩设计采用自浮式钢浮箱防撞装置,两引桥桥墩防撞采用橡胶护舷进行防护.     

船-桥碰撞有限元数值模拟分析

文章以船-桥墩碰撞为主要研究对象,重点探讨碰撞过程中撞击力、撞深的变化以及速度对撞击结果的影响,利用LS-DYNA进行数值模拟,仿真分析船舶在不同初始速度情况下的撞击结果,并与各国规范进行比较,同时分析船舶刚度对撞击结果的影响,为桥墩防护设计提供参考依据.     

考虑材料非线性的船舶与单墩碰撞有限元数值模拟

为了可靠地评估船舶与单墩碰撞的撞击力及墩柱响应,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了一个详细的船墩碰撞数值模型。船艏采用壳单元模拟外部钢板,梁单元模拟内部桁架,并采用弹塑性材料对船艏钢材进行模拟;对墩柱进行配筋,并采用非线性材料来模拟墩柱混凝土以便真实地反映材料特性,墩顶施加集中质量来模拟上部承重。以内河船舶为例,研究了墩身材料、船舶载重和碰撞速度对船舶撞击力及单墩响应的影响。研究结果表明:假定单墩为刚性或弹性材料得到的撞击力峰值和有效撞击时间均偏大,且碰撞速度越大,其差距越大,混凝土材料的非线性对船墩碰撞模拟结果有较大的影响;增大船舶质量和碰撞速度均使撞击力峰值和碰撞持续时间增加,而船舶撞击速度对撞击力峰值有显著的影响,碰撞持续时间主要取决于船舶载重。     

运河桥梁浮式防船撞设施的模拟计算

为了避免船舶与桥墩的直接碰撞,达到既保护桥墩安全又保护船舶安全的目的,根据苏南运河桥梁防撞设计的特殊要求,利用船和防撞设施碰撞中走锚、浮体移动和锚链拉伸过程来消耗船舶动能的柔性浮式防撞原理,提出了桥墩防船撞设施方案;基于有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,建立了一艘1000 t级货船与防撞设施的碰撞模型,分析了撞击力、能量转换的特点和规律,并与船舶和桥墩直接碰撞的结果作比较,研究了浮式防船撞设施的工作效能.结果表明,浮式防船撞设施能够满足桥墩防撞要求,可为运河桥梁防撞设计提供参考.     

隔离墩与自浮结构相组合的桥梁防船撞系统方案与评估

随着跨江跨海桥梁与船舶通航数量日益曾多,船桥碰撞的概率也日益增大,所以亟须提出桥梁防船撞设计方案。针对既有椒江大桥水中通航孔桥墩,首先通过规范和Midas/Civil软件计算出桥墩结构的自身抗撞能力;基于非线性动力软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立有限元模型计算得出典型桥墩遭受3 000 t级船舶正向和侧向撞击工况下的撞击力;通过比较桥墩自身抗力与船舶撞击力,提出了一种隔离式防撞墩与自浮式消能圈相组合的新型桥梁防船撞方案,然后对单独设置隔离式防撞墩和设置隔离墩与自浮结构组合防撞系统两种工况进行计算。结果表明:桥墩自身抗力为14.40 MN,而受船舶撞击所产生的最大撞击力为24.38 MN;设置组合防撞系统后,桥墩墩身所受的撞击力为0,隔离式防撞墩与自浮式消能圈有效保护了桥墩结构,且减小了船舶损伤。     

桥墩倾斜方向对自浮式防撞装置防护效果影响研究

随着航道上大跨度桥梁的建设愈加广泛,其桥墩在水面附近往往具有一定的倾斜角度。为研究桥墩倾斜方向对自浮式防撞装置防护效果的影响,文章基于装备自浮式防撞装置的2种倾斜方向的桥墩与6 000DWT级散货船为研究对象进行非线性有限元仿真碰撞计算,分析桥墩倾斜方向对不同航速船舶撞击下桥墩撞击力、系统能量转换、船艏结构破坏的影响。结果表明：外倾式桥墩受到撞击力更小,其防撞装置通过变形吸收能量更多、防护效果更好。研究成果可为大跨度桥墩设计与防撞装置的开发提供重要的参考价值。     

船撞偶然荷载作用下连续梁桥的分析方法探讨

在评估船撞偶然荷载作用下连续梁桥的结构响应时,不同于连续刚构桥的分析,一般取单个桥墩作为分析对象,船舶撞击力作用于桥墩上,并不考虑桥梁上部结构将船撞力传递至相邻墩的贡献.实际上基于桥梁上部结构与下部结构的连接强度以及可能被撞桥墩的相对刚度,可将桥梁上部结构纳入船撞力的传递路径中.该文基于一连续梁桥工程实例,针对船撞荷载工况,分别用单墩模型和桥梁整体模型进行了分析,通过对比研究认为,当连续梁桥有船撞风险时,可以采用桥梁整体分析的方法,考虑桥梁上部结构对船撞力的分配,并且桥梁上部结构和下部结构之间应设置可靠的连接构造.     

船桥碰撞撞击力的有限元数值模拟与分析

文章基于整船整桥有限元模型,分析了万吨级船舶在不同船体吨位、撞击角度和撞击速度时的船桥碰撞过程,得到不同碰撞情况下的撞击力时程曲线,详细讨论了计算结果,并与国内外规范计算值进行分析比较。结果表明:撞击力与船舶吨位的平方根近似成线性关系,与撞击速度近似成线性关系;随着撞击角度增大,撞击力减小,撞击时长增加。对于万吨级船舶与桥碰撞问题,建议采用AASHTO规范或欧洲规范-远洋计算撞击力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has