显式拓扑优化的拉压杆模型自动提取方法

为了实现从显式拓扑优化到拉压杆模型的自然过渡,同时保持拓扑优化结构与拉压杆模型的拓扑一致性,以可移动变形组件拓扑优化为例,建立了显式拓扑优化拉压杆模型自动提取方法。该方法是计算机图形学和结构优化的结合,采用Voronoi骨架提取和形状优化,由骨架提取、框架提取和形状优化3部分构成。结果表明,该方法自动构建了受力合理且几何规则的拉压杆模型;Voronoi骨架提取从显式拓扑优化结构提取了光滑的中轴骨架;以类桁架指标为约束的形状优化实现了拉压杆模型从框架结构到桁架结构的质变。     

不同荷载工况下钢筋混凝土深梁的拓扑优化设计

为探讨不同荷载工况对钢筋混凝土深梁拓扑优化的影响,同时改进当前深梁设计方法,采用渐进演化类拓扑优化算法寻求钢筋混凝土开洞深梁在不同集中加载工况和荷载集度工况下的最优拓扑结构,再依据这些最优拓扑结构建立相应的压杆[CD*2]拉杆模型,并分析这些最优拓扑结构和压杆[CD*2]拉杆模型的差异。结果表明：压杆[CD*2]拉杆模型均为较符合满应力分布的Michell结构;集中荷载作用在梁顶时,荷载从加载点通过最短直线压杆以压力的形式向支座传递;集中荷载作用梁腹和梁底时,荷载则通过伞状拉杆悬吊在主压拱上,再向支座传递;随着荷载集度降低,最优拓扑结构向拱或拱[CD*2]组合压杆的组合体系演化。在工程设计中,对于不同荷载工况条件下的钢筋混凝土深梁,可以参照最优拓扑结构在内部有针对性地设计隐藏的受压加强构件或受拉钢筋。     

小剪跨比RC梁受剪分析的优化拉压杆模型

基于多层次最小应变能分析,提出了确定混凝土结构D区拉压杆模型构形的一种优化方法.该方法首先借助结构拓扑优化分析拟定拉压杆模型的基本构形,并利用最小应变能参数分析确定模型的最优构形几何参数.针对小剪跨比钢筋混凝土梁,利用多层次的最小应变能分析,推导得到了其受剪分析的最优参数化拉压杆模型.研究发现:当梁的剪跨比小于1时,最优模型为"直接压杆模型";当梁的剪跨比在1.0~2.0之间时,最优模型为"带斜拉杆的桁架模型".依据该优化拉压杆模型,并以混凝土斜向拉杆断裂作为梁体劈裂破坏的条件,进一步推导得到了无腹筋小剪跨比梁的抗剪承载力简化计算公式.最后,通过与既有试验结果对比,表明该公式能够较好地反映剪跨比对抗剪承载力的影响.     

SIMP拓扑优化的拉压杆模型研究

采用SIMP应变能最小化的优化准则方法,对基于拓扑优化技术建立拉压杆模型的设计流程进行了深入研究.并对基于SIMP法拓扑优化建立拉压杆模型的影响因素进行了系统研究,总结出将最优拓扑转化为构件拉压杆模型的原则.为验证其最优性,对一简支开洞深梁建立了多种拉压杆模型,并与基于SIMP法的拓扑优化建立的拉压杆模型,通过承载能力和有效系数进行方案的比选.研究结果表明基于SIMP拓扑优化的拉压杆模型应变能和钢筋体积比最小,而承载能力较大.     

预应力简支梁固有频率研究

基于经典轴压模型,研究了预应力筋偏心距、预应力大小对简支梁固有频率的影响,对已有的简支梁固有频率理论计算公式进一步修正.以预应力混凝土简支梁为例,通过ANSYS有限元分析了预应力筋偏心距以及预应力改变对预应力简支梁固有频率的影响,验证了混凝土模拟单元与预应力筋模拟单元的2种联系方式对计算结果没有影响,以期望为以后的预应力混凝土梁设计及健康检测提供参考.     

拉—压杆模型RPC梁抗剪承载力试验研究

为了研究高强钢筋活性粉末混凝土无腹筋梁的抗剪承载力,进行不同剪跨比条件下HRB500级钢筋活性粉末混凝土无腹筋简支梁的结构试验,构建基于由桁架模型演化而来的拉—压杆模型高强钢筋活性粉末混凝土无腹筋梁抗剪承载力计算公式,并引入拱体效应系数进行修正。研究结果表明:由于HRB500级钢筋和活性粉末混凝土的材料强度更高,试验梁的延性更好,其拉—压杆效应更加明显;将公式的计算值与试验值进行比对分析,其吻合程度较好,说明所推导的计算公式具有一定的实用性,可为同类研究提供参考。     

基于拟满内力遗传算法的方钢管混凝土桁架结构拓扑优化

为了解决方钢管混凝土桁架结构离散变量拓扑优化问题,通过遗传算法随机生成初始拓扑构形,采用启发式算法检查并修正拓扑构形;以方钢钢管截面型号、拓扑变量、混凝土强度等级为优化变量,以结构造价最低为优化目标,建立基于独立拓扑变量的拓扑优化数学模型,提出一种基于拟满内力遗传算法的方钢管混凝土桁架结构拓扑优化方法;拟满内力遗传算法初始总群中部分个体由拟满内力算法的优化解产生,并且将拟满内力算法作为算子加到遗传操作后运行;同时对传统遗传算法的罚函数进行改进,提高遗传算法运行效率;通过算例对12杆桁架结构优化前、后模型及拓扑优化结果进行对比。结果表明：相对于拟满内力算法与遗传算法,所提出的方法应用于方钢管混凝土桁架结构拓扑优化总造价更低;拓扑优化后的结构杆件较少,并且各杆件均已充分发挥承载能力,拓扑优化效果明显改善。     

在役预应力混凝土简支梁现存预应力的有限元模拟研究

以大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立预应力混凝土简支梁的有限元模型. 分别采用实体单元模拟梁和用杆单元模拟预应力筋模拟预应力效应,获得梁张拉预应力和结构挠度之间的关系. 分别建立梁的挠度、静刚度与预应力的回归关系,推导在竖向荷载一定的情况下梁的挠度与现存预应力之间的统计回归公式,借以预测梁的永存预应力,为结构中预应力损失的研究提供一定参考.     

荷载工况多目标下钢筋混凝土深梁的拓扑拉压杆模型设计

为了提高钢筋混凝土深梁构件配筋设计方法的合理性,选用遗传演化结构优化算法,并延伸出荷载工况多目标下的应用方式,同时基于拓扑解构建拉压杆模型,衔接拓扑优化与工程设计环节,建立荷载工况多目标拓扑拉压杆模型。采用两个深梁数值算例验证了该模型的可行性和稳定性。从建立拉压杆模型的角度以其力学特性出发,将荷载工况多目标优化的拓扑解分别与各荷载工况单目标优化解、其弹性叠加结果,以及所有荷载工况共同作用下的单目标优化解进行比较,证实了新模型更契合深梁类构件的受力特性,具有更佳的全局寻优能力。荷载工况多目标遗传演化结构优化可以有效解决多目标优化中的病态荷载问题,依据其建立的拉压杆模型直观可行,可以为钢筋混凝土深梁设计提供参考。     

钢筋混凝土杆系结构拉压不对称弹塑性本构关系

根据钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥的各杆件均以承受轴力为主、节点处弯矩较小的受力特点,并基于钢筋与混凝土共同工作、协调变形原理,推导出适合钢筋混凝土桁架单元分析的理想弹塑性复合材料拉压不对称本构关系。对某钢筋混凝土桁架连拱桥,应用推导的本构关系,采用空间梁单元建立桁架连拱数值分析模型,结合静载试验对该本构关系进行校核检验。结果表明:各工况下各测点的变位和应变的计算值与相应实测值比较接近,尤其是非线性计算结果与实测结果非常接近;给出的钢筋混凝土杆系拉压不对称弹塑性本构关系有足够的可靠性,可供同类桥梁结构分析应用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-