基于诱导HAP结晶的强化生物除磷工艺厌氧上清液中磷的回收

以方解石为晶种,采用诱导羟基磷酸钙(HAP)结晶的方式在气曝式结晶反应柱内回收强化生物除磷工艺厌氧沉淀池上清液中的磷,系统考察了预处理曝气量及曝气时间、Ca/P摩尔比、反应时间、曝气强度、晶种粒径和投加量对磷回收效率的影响.优化实验结果表明:当晶种粒径为100~150目、晶种投加量为30 g/L、n(Ca)/n(P)为2.5、反应时间为35 min时,系统磷回收率可达68.82%,微晶产率下降到21.32%.通过30 d连续动态进水对装置稳定性能的考察发现,磷的平均回收率维持在73.43%.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对结晶产物表征,表明磷主要以HAP及其前驱物形态回收.     

A_2N-IC工艺诱导结晶柱位置选择及投药量优化

针对传统生物脱氮除磷工艺处理生活污水时碳源不足、聚磷菌与反硝化菌对碳源存在竞争、泥龄矛盾难以协调等问题,提出了双污泥反硝化聚磷-诱导结晶磷回收新工艺.该工艺不仅可以有效提高污水脱氮除磷效率,还可实现磷资源的有效回收.针对该新型工艺,以厌氧释磷的富磷上清液为研究对象,利用对比试验优选结晶柱在生物系统中的位置,并考察结晶柱中钙盐投加量对化学除磷的影响.结果表明:从优化结晶过程p H的角度考虑,诱导结晶化学除磷系统宜放置于厌氧沉淀池后;钙盐投加量的增加并不能显著增加磷回收率,但在增加沉淀过程后,增加钙离子投加量可明显提高化学除磷量;粗糙的晶种表面更容易聚集钙磷结晶物,无定形钙磷化合物可能为结晶产物的主要前驱物.     

以羟基磷酸钙结晶方式回收废水中磷的试验研究

为研究结晶反应条件对结晶法回收磷的影响,以模拟含磷废水为研究对象,采用正交试验法研究了影响结晶除磷的4种控制因素之间的关系,并通过单因素试验研究了含磷废水中几种常见离子对结晶除磷的影响．研究结果表明,控制因素对结晶除磷的影响大小依次为磷初始质量浓度,pH,Ca／P摩尔比,晶种投加量;Mg2＋、Fe3＋和Zn2＋对结晶除磷的影响非常微弱;此外,碱度对结晶除磷起到明显的抑制作用．     

诱导结晶对反硝化除磷的强化作用

以双污泥-诱导结晶工艺为研究对象,考察诱导结晶工艺回收磷对反硝化除磷的强化作用.结果表明,当摩尔比n(Ca2+)/n(PO34--P)提高到5∶1时,反应器内回收率没有明显的提高,最佳n(Ca2+)/n(PO34--P)为3∶1,回收率可达62.05%;提高磷回收量对厌氧释磷影响并不大,当释磷量保持在(13.44±0.55)mg/L时,聚磷量由21.11 mg/L降至16.42 mg/L,聚磷量与释磷量之比从1.51降至1.24,化学回收磷减轻了生物除磷负担;提高结晶磷回收量会降低聚磷速率,但反硝化聚磷反应均在30 min之后停止,化学回收磷不会对生物除磷造成负面影响,并且生物除磷与化学回收磷相结合的工艺可以在较低进水碳磷质量比的情况下保证出水达到国家排放标准.     

盐析凝胶-Fenton法处理水射流磨料生产废水

采用盐析凝胶法回收废水中的聚乙烯醇(PVA),并对盐析凝胶后废水进行Fenton处理.考察Na2SO4及Na2B4O7·10H2O投加量、pH、温度、反应时间等因素对PVA回收效果的影响,同时研究Fenton氧化过程中H2O2投加量、pH等因素的作用效果.结果表明:盐析凝胶Fenton氧化法可以有效地回收废水中的PVA,并能高效降解废水中的有机物.在室温、pH为4、Na2SO4投加量为15g/L、Na2B4O7·10H2O投加量为 2.5g/L、反应60min的条件下,废水中PVA 回收率可达88.78%;Fenton法进一步处理后的废水中未检出PVA,化学耗氧量(COD)去除率达87.86%.     

UV-Fenton法预处理某制药厂废水的实验研究

制药废水是一种难生物降解的高浓度有机工业废水,处理困难.研究以某制药股份有限公司综合排放废水为对象,分别采用Fenton和UV-Fenton法对制药废水进行处理,分析试剂投加量、反应初始pH和反应时间等对反应的影响.结果表明,Fenton法处理制药废水的最佳条件为：FeSO4·7H2O投加0.036 mol/L,H2O2投加0.128 mol/L,初始pH为4.3,反应时间为2 h,CODCr去除率为43.9%. UV-Fenton法处理制药废水缩短反应时间,减少试剂投加量,最佳处理条件为：UV处理时间为7 min,FeSO4·7H2O投加0.029 mol/L,H2O2投加0.102 mol/L,初始pH为4.3,反应时间为75 min,最佳条件下CODCr去除率优于Fenton法,可达63.5%,且污水B/C增至0.39,提高可生化性.     

铜氨制药废水除铜脱氨预处理

研究了氟洛芬有机制药铜氨废水的除铜除氨预处理工艺.采用铁屑置换法对含铜废水进行除铜,除铜工艺的最优条件为,调节含铜废水的pH=2～3,投加3倍理论用量的铁屑,搅拌反应,反应时间为1.5 h,在反应过程中需保持反应液pH低于4,防止Fe3 大量生成重新溶解释出的铜.反应后铜浓度由712 mg/L降至9.2 mg/L,去除率为98.7%.为去除引入的铁盐,调节废水pH=5,鼓风曝气后,投加阴离子PAM,投加量为1 mg/L,混凝20 min后废水铁含量低于14mg/L.采用磷酸铵镁沉淀法对除铜后的混合废水进行除氨,除氨工艺的最优条件为,调节废水pH=9.0,MgCl2·6H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O投加量为Mg2 :NH4 ·PO43-(摩尔比)=1:1:1,搅拌反应,反应时间20 min,反应后NH3-N浓度由991.5 mg/L降至101 mg/L,去除率为89.8%,剩余磷为6.1 mg/L.铁屑置换法与磷酸铵镁沉淀法的组合能有效去除铜氨,预处理后,废水BOD5/CODcr由0.07上升至0.34,可生化性有了很大提高,可以进入后续生物处理工艺.     

赤泥吸附结晶紫的研究

以山东赤泥为吸附材料,静态吸附法批量实验了温度、投加量、pH、接触时间、初始质量浓度(ρ0)等因素对含结晶紫废水的吸附效果.结果表明:在30℃,赤泥投加量为4g/L、pH为12、接触时间为2h的条件下,对含500mg/L的结晶紫染料溶液的去除率为95%,吸附量为119mg/g;赤泥吸附结晶紫热力学性质与Henry型吸附等温线吻合,热力学参数计算结果表明,吸附符合自发吸热过程;赤泥吸附结晶紫动力学过程符合一级动力学模型.     

低温结晶碱性硫化氢废水的实验研究

采用低温结晶法结晶碱性硫化氢废水,研究NaOH投加量、结晶温度、搁置时间、浓缩等因素对结晶效率的影响.NaOH投加量越大,结晶温度越低,结晶前进行一定程度的浓缩都可以提高硫化碱的结晶效率.在实验条件下,低温结晶前进行10∶6的浓缩,温度控制在3℃,NaOH投加量为25 g/L可有效提高结晶效率.     

A2N-IC新工艺与A2N工艺脱氮除磷性能对比研究

为了实现污水中磷的高效去除和磷资源回收,将化学除磷技术与双污泥反硝化聚磷工艺(Anaerobic/Anoxic/Nitration,A2N)结合,开发了新型双污泥反硝化聚磷诱导结晶磷回收工艺(Anaerobic/Anoxic/Nitration-Induced Crystallization process,A2N-IC),并比较了A2N-IC工艺和A2N工艺的脱氮除磷性能.结果表明:在进水总磷(Total Phos-phorus,TP)浓度为5.22～8.31mg/L的情况下,A2N,A2N-IC工艺TP去除率分别为87.4%,99.6%,A2N-IC除磷效率和稳定性明显优于A2N工艺.2种工艺对氨氮的去除效果基本相同,分别为84.8%,84.4%.A2N-IC工艺中化学除磷对生物除磷的辅助是保证该工艺稳定高效运行的主要原因.A2N-IC工艺结晶柱中的主要产物为羟基磷酸钙,鸟粪石在结晶柱中难以形成.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.