螺旋藻放氢的研究

螺旋藻含有可逆性氢酶，在合适的条件下能催化放氢。研究表明：当培养基的ｐＨ值为８．５￣９．５，气相氧浓度为１％的条件时，能使螺旋藻放氢达到最大效率。外加葡萄糖、蔗糖有利于放氢，葡萄糖，蔗糖的最适浓度为０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，而α－酮戊二酸，柠檬酸等对螺旋藻的放氢没有促进作用。     

相转移催化合成蔗糖酯（Ⅳ）蔗糖月桂酸酯的合成

研究了合成蔗糖月桂酸酯中采用相转移催化的基本原理和方法，考察反应时间，原料的不同配比和催化剂用量对蔗糖月桂酸酯产率的影响，得出反应时间为４．５ｈ，原料配比为１∶１（摩尔数），催化剂用量为月桂酸甲酯摩尔数的８％时，其蔗糖月桂酸酯产率８６．５％～９１．２％，产物经纯化后测定，蔗糖单月桂酸酯按每克产品含蔗糖月桂酸单酯的摩尔数与理论计算的摩尔数之比为０．９７２５∶１．００００．     

α－淀粉酶水解液发酵生产麦角隐亭的研究

用５％麦粉的α－淀粉酶水解液培养麦角菌ＡＴＣＣ２００１９，结果其发酵液能产生麦角隐亭（５０．１６±２．４０）μｇ／ｍＬ，与３０％蔗糖的发酵培养基的产碱量（２０．７４±３．５３）μｇ／ｍＬ相比，两者有差异（ｐ＜０．０５）．在１０％蔗糖的培养基中，发酵第４天后补加５％麦粉的α－淀粉酶水解液，麦角隐亭的产量为（４７．１２±６．３４）μｇ／ｍＬ，也高于碳源为３０％蔗糖的产碱量（１９．８９±２．４０）μｇ／ｍＬ，两者差异显著，ｐ＜０．０１．而两种方法的菌丝体生长量均相差无几，ｐ＞０．０５．     

麦角隐亭产生菌的营养条件

麦角菌「Ｃｌａｖｉｃｅｐｓ ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ（Ｆｒ．）Ｔｕｌ．ＡＴＣＣ２００１９」发酵生产麦角隐亭的最佳碳源是蔗糖或工业葡萄糖，蔗糖的最适浓度为３０％，麦角 产量为９７．８－１０９．３μｇ／ｍＬ；发酵前期在１０％蔗糖培养基中再补加２０％蔗糖，可使产碱量比直接用３０％蔗糖的产碱量增加到１１１．９μｇ／ｍＬ，最佳氮源是酵母粉，蛋白胨，蚕蛹粉和黄豆饼粉。     

相转移催化合成蔗糖酯：（Ⅲ）蔗糖棕榈酸酯的合成

在合成蔗糖棕榈酸酯中采用相转移催化的基本原理和方法．考察了反应时间、反应温度、原料的不同配比和催化剂用量对蔗糖棕榈酸酯重量产率的影响．得出反应时间为３ｈ，反应温度为８５～９０℃，原料棕榈酸甲酯和蔗糖的摩尔配比为１．０：２．５，催化剂用量为棕榈酸甲酯摩尔数的０．０８～０．１０时，其蔗糖棕榈酸酯产率是８８．３０％．产物经纯化后测定，所含蔗糖棕榈酸单酯与棕榈酸甲酯分子比为０．７７４０：１．００００。     

蔗糖多酯的研究与开发

旨在研究和开发以棉籽油和蔗糖为主要原料合成蔗糖多酯的工艺路线。在真空条件下，通过加热蔗糖、脂肪酸乙酯、脂肪酸皂和碱性催化剂的混合物，使之形成一种有蔗糖低酯和未反应的起始反应物组成的均相熔融物，继而加入过量的脂肪酸乙酯使之进一步反应形成蔗糖多酯。产物经水洗或醇洗以及漂白等纯化步骤精制蔗糖多酯。该工艺合成的蔗糖多酯平均酯化度为６．５ 以上，产品得率达９０％ 以上。结果表明，采用棉籽油和蔗糖为原料，可合成符合食品级的蔗糖多酯。蔗糖多酯是一种新型功能性营养保健品，可用作低热值脂肪替代品．     

螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)放氢的研究

螺旋藻含有可逆性氢酶,在合适的条件下能催化放氢．研究表明：当培养基的ｐＨ值为８．５～９．５,气相氧浓度为１％的条件时,能使螺旋藻放氢达到最大效率．外加葡萄糖、蔗糖有利于放氢,葡萄糖、蔗糖的最适浓度为０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,而ａ－酮戊二酸、柠檬酸等对螺旋藻的放氢没有促进作用．     

拥挤环境对碱性磷酸酶去折叠过程的影响作用研究

为了更好地模拟细胞内的真实环境，在碱性磷酸酶的变性环境中分别加入小分子渗透剂（蔗糖）和大分子拥挤试剂（葡聚糖），创造拥挤环境，利用酶活力测定和荧光光谱等方法，研究该拥挤环境对碱性磷酸酶稳定性的影响作用．实验结果表明:在碱性磷酸酶由盐酸胍导致的变性过程中，蔗糖与葡聚糖可抑制碱性磷酸酶活力的丧失，随着蔗糖与葡聚糖的质量浓度增加，其抑制效果随之增强；荧光光谱的检测结果也表明蔗糖和葡聚糖对碱性磷酸酶的去折叠具有一定的抑制作用．在2种试剂中，蔗糖对碱性磷酸酶活力与构象稳定性的保护能力要强于葡聚糖．      

水分和热胁迫对苗木针叶可溶性糖含量的影响

以杉木、马尾松、花旗松和北美乔柏为对象，研究了在水分和热胁迫下，苗木生长期间针叶内可溶性糖含量的变化。结果表明：(1)水分和热胁迫处理对杉木针叶果糖含量的影响不明显，但对杉木针叶葡萄糖和蔗糖的含量却有显影响。水分胁迫和热胁迫的交互作用对杉苗针叶的蔗糖含量也有显影响。随着水分胁迫程度的加深，葡萄糖含量提高了11．80％，蔗糖含量提高幅度达318．86％。随着热胁迫程度的加深，葡萄糖含量提高了16．54％，蔗糖含量提高幅度为169．83％；(2)水分胁迫处理对马尾松苗木针叶葡萄糖和蔗糖含量的影响显，而热胁迫则对葡萄糖和果糖含量影响显。水分和热胁迫处理对马尾松苗木针叶3种可溶性糖含量的影响均呈上升趋势，其中水分胁迫条件下葡萄糖含量提高了45．92％，果糖含量提高了34．01％，蔗糖含量提高了138．32％。热胁迫条件下葡萄糖含量提高了36．07％，果糖含量提高了28．01％，蔗糖含量提高了22．82％；(3)水分和热胁迫尽管对花旗松苗木针叶的3种可溶性糖含量均有较显影响，但随着水分胁迫程度的加深，3种可溶性糖含量均未表现出明显的上升趋势。只有随着热胁迫程度的加深，花旗松苗木针叶的3种可溶性糖含量才呈现出上升趋势；(4)水分和热胁迫对北美乔柏苗木针叶可溶性糖含量均有显影响。其中随着水分胁迫程度的加深，葡萄糖含量提高了89．46％，果糖含量提高了90．32％，蔗糖含量提高了71.68％。随着热胁迫程度的加深，葡萄糖含量提高了21.18％，果糖含量提高了45．97％，蔗糖含量提高了107．67％。水分胁迫和热胁迫的交互作用对北美乔柏苗木针叶的蔗糖含量有显影响。     

脂肪酸蔗糖甘油酯的合成与应用研究

以蔗糖和油脂为原料，无水Ｋ２ＣＯ３作催化剂，选择适宜的表面活性剂，在温和的反应条件下，不用任何溶剂，可直接合成脂肪酸蔗糖甘油酯．并介绍了有关的应用研究．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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