钢基底上预镀中间层沉积金刚石膜

利用表面预镀中间层在４５号钢上化学气相沉积（ＣＶＤ）得到了金刚石膜。钢基底表面金刚石涂层具有许多潜在应用价值，但直接在钢上沉积生长金刚石面临长的形核期，铁原子的触媒作用和热膨胀不匹配等严重问题。文中采用钢基底表面预镀中间层的方法，阻止碳向基底中扩散，增强膜基结合和抑制ＳＰ２杂化碳的沉积。分别研究了直接在钢基底上、表面预镀铜膜和表面预镀硅膜钢基底上热丝法沉积金刚石膜的工艺特点。通过ＳＥＭ、Ｒａｍａｎ谱和划痕法检验表明，钢基底表面预镀硅膜作为中间层，是一种在钢上沉积金刚石膜的有效方法。     

CVD金刚石薄膜的掺硼研究

主要介绍硼掺杂金刚石膜的生长．采用热灯丝CVD法在硅上制备金刚石薄膜，采用三氧化二硼制备硼掺杂金刚石膜．利用拉曼光谱分析硼掺杂金刚石膜的生长情况．结果表明：硼的掺杂质量分数随生长时间延长而增大；利用SEM观察硼掺杂金刚石膜的表面晶粒变小；利用银浆在掺杂金刚石膜表面制备电极，测试电流随温度升高而变大.     

球形金刚石的生长机理研究

用热丝化学气相沉积设备研究了钢渗铬层、P-Si（100）基片和三氧化二铝基底表面形成的球形金刚石．研究结果表明：在不适合球形金刚石形成的工艺爷件下,在P-Si（100）基片和三氧化二铝表面沉积的晶形很好的金刚石膜中也存在球形金刚石团块（称为异常长大金刚石团块）;首次使用金刚石“异常晶核”解释了异常长大金刚石团块的形成．球形金刚石膜由异常长大金刚石团块组成．异常长大金刚石团块的形成不但与沉积工艺参数有关,而且与CVD金刚石生长特性有关．     

化学气相沉积金刚石膜的光学性质

多晶金刚石膜的光学性质与工艺参数密切相关．采用一较为完备的金刚石透过率模型，研究了一系列金刚石膜在中远红外区的光学性质．并得出了不同衬底预处理方法和反应室中甲烷分压对CVD膜的平均透过率、表面粗糙度、非金刚石相含量、各种成分的吸收系数等光学性质的影响，计算结果与实测结果一致．     

温度对高甲烷含量下直流热阴极PCVD法制备纳米金刚石膜的影响

采用直流热阴极等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)技术,在CH4,H2流量分别为6sccm和200sccm,反应室气压为6×103 Pa时,通过改变基底温度,制备金刚石膜.采用拉曼光谱仪、扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析仪对样品进行表征.结果表明:利用直流热阴极PCVD方法,在较高的甲烷含量、较低的反应室气压及较低的基底温度下,可以制备出质量较好的纳米金刚石膜,随着基底温度的降低,晶粒尺寸减小,非金刚石相增多,膜的质量下降.     

直流电弧等离体喷射CVD金刚石生长面的浸润性研究

为了开展CVD金刚石生长面的浸润性研究,采用直流电弧等离体喷射技术,制备了纳米金刚石自支撑膜、微米金刚石自支撑膜以及毫米单晶金刚石.结果发现：对于相同的金刚石生长表面,接触角按甘油、饱和葡萄糖水溶液、饱和NaCl水溶液和蒸馏水的顺序逐渐增大,表明所制备金刚石的表面对各液体的浸润性逐渐变差;而对于同种滴液,接触角在不同的金刚石表面表现出不同的大小,说明不同的CVD金刚石对于同种液体具有不同的浸润性.而表面能的计算结果表明纳米金刚石自支撑膜生长面的表面能最高,其次是微米自支撑金刚石膜,而单晶金刚石的表面能最小.     

CVD金刚石膜{100}取向生长的原子尺度仿真

运用动力学蒙特卡洛(KMC)方法从原子尺度对CVD金刚石膜{100}取向在3种不同化学反应模型下的生长进行了仿真.结果表明:(1)以CH3为主要生长组元的生长机制比较适合于{100}取向金刚石膜的生长;(2) 对金刚石{100}取向而言,含有双碳基团的模型沉积速度并不比含有单碳基团的模型沉积速度大;(3)在高的生长速率下仍有可能获得表面粗糙度较小的金刚石膜;(4)对Harris模型的仿真结果与其本人的预测结果一致,并与实验结果符合良好.     

基于导电AFM类金刚石膜表面改性研究

用导电原子力显微镜(AFM)针对宏观上绝缘，微观上由导电相sp^2和绝缘相sp^3混合的类金刚石(DLC)膜，进行表面改性的研究，尤其观察DLC膜表面施加电压前后形貌变化。实验表明，当直流电压加在针尖上，DLC膜形貌未发生变化，而电压施加在样品表面则出现明显纳米加工凹坑。解释了凹坑的“蝴蝶坑”形成原因；对DLC膜力电耦合实验表明，在一定临界压力之下，随针尖对样品作用力的加大，凹坑的深度随之增加。     

碳基片上沉积的金刚石涂层多孔电极的特性

采用化学气相沉积法（CVD）在多孔活性碳基体上制备掺硼金刚石涂层多孔电极。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）法表征了金刚石膜的表面微观结构，采用循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了电极的电化学性质。结果表明，金刚石表面形态为球形，金刚石膜电极具有很宽的电势窗口，在酸性、中性和碱性3种介质中分别为4．4V、4．0V和3．0V。在铁氰化钾电解液中，金刚石膜电极表面在反应过程中始终保持良好的活性，在表面进行的电化学反应具有良好的准可逆性。     

离子束轰击法金刚石薄膜抛光

本文采用氩离子束轰击法，对不同晶体学表面形貌的ＣＶＤ金刚石膜进行抛光处理。结果表明，对不同表面开貌的金刚石膜，应合理选择离子束轰击入射角，提高离子束加速电压有利于提高抛光效率，（１００）择优生长的金刚石膜最容易得到高的表面平整度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with