Adsorption and reduction of palladium (Pd<Superscript>2+</Superscript>) by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus licheniformis</Emphasis> R08

Preliminary study on the mechanism of Pd²⁺ biosorption by resting cells of Bacillus licheniformis R08 biomass has been carried out by means of chemical kinetics and AAS, TEM, XRD and FTIR methods. The results showed that at 30℃ and pH 3.5, when dry R08 biomass powder (800 mg/L) was mixed with Pd²⁺ (100 mg/L) for 45 min, the rate constant k of biosorption of Pd²⁺ attained a maximum of 5.97×10^-2 min^-1 and the half life period of the reaction reached 12 min. The part of Pd²⁺ adsorbed by R08 biomass was reduced to elemental, cell-bound Pd⁰ at the same condition. The cell wall of R08 biomass was the primary location for accumulating Pd²⁺ , and aldoses, i. e. hydrolysate of a part of polysaccharides on the peptidoglycan layer in the acidic medium, serving as the electron donor, in situ reduced the Pd²⁺ to Pd⁰.     

Activities and properties of calcineurin catalytic domain

Calcineurin (CN) is the only protein phosphatase known to be under the control of calcium (Ca²⁺) and calmodulin (CaM). The enzyme consists of two subunits, the catalytic A subunit of 61 ku (CNA) and a regulatory B subunit of 19 ku (CNB). In this study, we used PCR amplication to construct a truncation consisting of only the CNA catalytic domain. The truncation was induced by IPTG and expressed inE. coli. PNPP was used as a substrate to study the phosphatase activity of the CNA catalytic domain. The findings show that its activity is 20 times greater than CNA in the presence of CNB and CaM. The optimum reaction temperature for the CNA catalytic domain protein is 40°C, and the optimum reaction pH value is 8.0. Mn²⁺ is still an effective activator for the CNA catalytic domain, but its activity is not controlled by Ca²⁺. In the presence of 6 mmol/L Mg²⁺, adding either Ca²⁺ or EGTA did not change the activity of the CNA catalytic domain.     

Dispersion of CoCl2 into γ-Al2O3 studied by positron

Co²⁺/γ-Al₂O₃ samples were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of γ-Al₂O₃ with different concentration solution of CoCl₂ and dried at 40 °C. We measured the positron lifetime spectra of the samples of different Co²⁺ mass fractions (0%–8.24%) heated at different temperatures (100–500°C). All lifetime spectra were resolved into four components, in which the third and the fourth components were related to the surface state of the micropores and the secondary pores of the γ-Al₂O₃. The experimental results showed that the Co²⁺ was mainly located in the micropores and the secondary pores near to the exterior of the support. For low Co²⁺ mass fraction samples, when the heating temperature was above 400 °C, dispersal was almost finished. When the Co²⁺ mass fraction was above 5.59%, Co²⁺ and Cl⁻ were dispersed into the secondary pores in the form of multiple layers.     

Properties and characterization of Au3+-adsorption by mycelial waste ofStreptomyces aureofaciences

Mycelial waste of Streptomyces aureofaciences procured from the aureomycin fermentation industry is used as biosorbent for Au³⁺  The properties of Au³⁺ adsorption by the mycelial waste are studied. The results indicate that the optimum pH value of Au³⁺ adsorption is 3.5. The biosorption is a rapid and non-temperature-dependent process. The bio-sorptive capacity with 45.6 mg/g and efficiency with 91.2% are achieved under the conditions of pH 3.5 and 30 ℃ for 45 min, in which the ratio is 50 mg/g dry weight for the concentrations of initial Au³⁺ and the mycelial waste. The Au³⁺ ions adsorbed on the mycelial waste can be eluted. The observation in a transmission electron microscope shows that the Au³⁺ ions can be reduced to Au particles by the mycelial waste and the Au⁰ can become gold crystals with differentforms and sizes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis further proves that the Au³⁺ can be reduced to Au⁰ by the mycelial waste.     

木霉No.183菌株木聚糖酶的研究

 筛选到一株木聚糖酶高产木霉菌株(No.183),研究了该菌株产木聚糖酶的液态发酵和粗酶液的酶学性质.结果表明,以麸皮和木聚糖为主要碳源,28℃,190r/min摇瓶培养时,木霉No.183菌株在接种后84h酶活最高,达到298.47U/mL.该木聚糖酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH为该木聚糖酶在pH5～7和40℃以下时相对稳定.Ca²⁺,Zn²⁺和Cu²⁺对该木聚糖酶有较强的促进作用,Fe³⁺和Hg²⁺对该酶有较强的抑制作用.     

A novel advanced oxidation process――wet electro-catalytic oxidation for high concentrated organic wastewater treatment

A novel advanced oxidation process——wet electrocatalytic oxidation (WEO) was studied with p-nitrophenol as model pollutant and β-PbO2 electrode as the anode. Compared with the effect of the individual wet air oxidation (WAO) and electrochemical oxidation (EO), the effect of WEO showed syn- ergistic effect on COD removal under the conditions of temperature 160℃, C=1000 mg·L-1, PN2=0.50 MPa, PO2=0.9 MPa, current density = 3 mA·cm-2, Na2SO4 3 g·L-1. And the synergistic factor got the best value of 0.98 within 120 min after 180 min treatment. The synergistic factor was studied after 120 min treatment at 100℃, 120℃, 140℃ and 160℃, and the effect of 120℃ was the best with the value of 1.26. Possible mechanism for the synergistic effect was discussed based on the analysis of free-radical generation and intermediates detected by HPLC and GC/MS.     

Synthesis mechanism of LiNiVO4 by wet chemical method and mixed valence of nickel and vanadium

The single phase LiNiVO₄ has been successfully synthesized by adopting a new mild liquid route with oxalic acid as both complexant and precipitant, and this method is named the CPG method. The products were obtained by sintering the dry gel precursor which was prepared by the CPG method at 200—850℃ for 2—10 h in air. The products were tested by XRD, XPS, ESR and TGA-DTA, and the results indicate that the single phase LiNiVO₄ could be obtained at 450℃ for 2—3 h in air and LiNiVO₄ was still steady at 850℃ for 10 h. The valence analyses show that in LiNiVO₄ the valence of lithium is +1, both nickel and vanadium have the mixed valence, namely +2, +3 for nickel and +4, +5 for vanadium respectively. The LiNiVO₄ can be expressed as LiNi³⁺_xNi²⁺_1-xV⁴⁺_xV⁵⁺_1-xO₄ (0≤x<1). The pyrolysis mechanism of the dry gel is also discussed.     

A novel method for thermodynamic study on binding of copper ion with Alzheimer’s amyliod β peptide

The interaction of Cu²⁺ with the first 16 residues of the Alzheimer's amyliod β peptide, Aβ (1-16), was studied by employing isothermal titration calorimetry at pH 7.2 and 37℃ in aqueous solution. The Gholamreza Rezaei Behbehani (GRB) solvation model was used to reproduce the enthalpies of Cu²⁺+ Aβ(1-16) interaction over the whole Cu²⁺ concentrations. The binding parameters recovered from the solvation model were attributed to the structural change of Aβ (1-16) due to the metal ion interaction. It was found that there is a set of two identical and non interacting binding sites for Cu²⁺ ions. The molar enthalpy of binding is ΔH=27.895 kJ/mol. The association binding constants are 1.895 μm^-1 and 1.891 μm^-1 for the first and second binding sites respectively.     

Extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from saprolite laterite ore by microwave-assisted hydrothermal leaching and chemical deposition

Extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from saprolite laterite ore were studied by using a method of microwave-assisted hydrothermal leaching and chemical deposition. The effects of leaching temperature and time on the extraction efficiencies of Ni2+ and Co2+ were investigated in detail under microwave conditions. It is shown that the extraction efficiencies of Ni2+ and Co2+ from the ore pre-roasted at 300℃ for 5 h were 89.19% and 61.89% when the leaching temperature and time were about 70℃ and 60 min, respectively. For the separation process of Ni and Co, the separation of main chemical components was performed by adjusting the pH values of sulfuric leaching solutions using a NaOH solution based on the different pH values of precipitation for metal hydroxides. The final separation efficiencies of Ni and Co were 77.29% and 65.87%, respectively. Furthermore, the separation efficiencies of Fe of 95.36% and Mg of 92.2% were also achieved at the same time.     

Cardiac protective role of a novel erythrocyte-derived depressing factor on rats and its Ca^2＋ mechanism

The cardiac protective role of a novel erythro-cyte-derived depressing factor (EDDF) on spontaneous hy-pertensive rats (SHR), calcium overload (CaO) rats and Wistar rats and its mechanism was evaluated. Mean artery pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and LVdp/dtmax were measured by physiological recorder. The effect of EDDF on the Ca2+-ATPase activity in myocardial sarcoplasmic reticu-lum (SR) of CaO rats was determined by inorganic phos-phate assay. Calcium transport in myocytes was measured by 45Ca2+ radioactive isotope measurement. The phosphoryla-tion levels of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) in myocardial tissue of SHR and CaO rats were measured by Western blot method. And the ultrastructures of cardiac muscle cells were observed with the transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that EDDF could significantly decrease MAP, HR and LVdp/dtmax in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). It seems that the mechanism might relate with activating the Ca2+-APTase, enhancing the uptake and release of Ca2+ from SR (P < 0.05), decreasing the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 of myocytes (P < 0.01) and lightening the ultrastructural lesion of cardiac muscle cells. In CaO rats, the Ca2+-ATPase activity decreased clearly com-pared to control (64.99 7.16 vs 94.48 7.68 nmol·min-1 ·mg-1 protein, P < 0.01), while EDDF (100 mg/mL) could significantly increase the activity (87.93 ?9.54 vs 64.99 ?7.16, P < 0.05, n = 7). Both uptake and release rate of Ca2+ (祄ol 45Ca2+/g protein/min) from myocardial SR of CaO rats re-markably decreased compared to control (32.40 ?2.70 and 15.46 ?1.49 vs 61.09 ?10.89 and 25.47 ?4.29, P < 0.05); EDDF (100 mg/mL) could significantly stimulate their activi-ties (50.48 6.76 and 21.76 2.75 vs 32.40 2.70 and 15.46 1.49, P < 0.05). EDDF could evidently down-regulate the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in myocardial tissue from SHR and CaO rats (P < 0.01), lighten the ultrastructural lesion of cardiac muscle cells of SHR as well. It is concluded that EDDF seems to play protective roles on both structure and function of heart, which closely related with amelioration of Ca2+ transport and inhibition of Ca2+-MAP kinase pathway.     

Degradation of the antibiotic sulfamonomethoxine sodium in aqueous solution by photo-Fenton oxidation

In this study, photo-Fenton oxidation was applied to degradation of sulfamonomethoxine sodium (SMMS) in aqueous solution. The operation parameters of pH, temperature, and concentrations of H2O2, Fe2+ and SMMS were investigated. The optimum conditions for the photo-Fenton process were determined as follows: [SMMS]=4.53 mg/L, pH 4.0, [H2O2]=0.49 mmol/L, [Fe2+]= 19.51 μmol/L and T=25°C. Under these conditions 98.5% of the SMMS degraded. The kinetics were also studied, and degradation of SMMS by the photo-Fenton process could be described by first-order kinetics. The apparent activation energy was calculated as 23.95 kJ/mol. Mineralization of the process was investigated by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the COD decreased by 99% after 120 min. This process could be used as a pretreatment method for wastewater containing sulfamonomethoxine sodium.     

Changes in sea surface temperature in western South China Sea over the past 450 ka

Sea surface temperature over the past 450 ka was obtained by the unsaturation of molecular fossil-long chain alkenone with a resolution of about 1 ka from the western South China Sea. This is the longest temperature profile in the South China Sea at such high resolution. The U37^κ-SST results revealed similar glacial-interglacial cycles as the δ^18O profile of planktonic foraminifera, with SST variability of 23-25.5℃ for glacial and 25-28℃ for interglacial periods. The highest SST （28.4℃） was recorded at MIS5.5 and lowest SST （22.6℃） during MIS2. The SST record preceded the planktonic foraminiferal δ^18O on five glacial-interglacial transitions. Comparison of temperature records from the Southern and Northern Hemispheres indicated a more Southern Hemisphere-like pattern for the temperature variation in the SCS. Strong precession and semiprecession signals in the spectra of our SST record manifest the tropical phenomena.     

Purification and inhibition fungal growth of chitinases from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio pacini</Emphasis>

Vibrio pacini synthesizes multiple chitinases, of which three have been purified in this study by ammonium sulphate fractionation, chitin affinity chromatography and gel chromatography. Molecular weights of the three chitinases, Chi1, Chi2 and Chi3 are 27×10³, 39×10³ and 46×10³ respectively, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The purified enzymes have optimal activity at pH 7–8, and retain 50% enzymatic activity pH 4–9. The activities of chitinases are inhibited by Pb²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺, and increased by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺. Chi3 is found to inhibit the growth of six species of fungi. Such characters of chitinase are different from those of any other chitinase that were reported before. Foundation item: Supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Programme of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of the Nation Scientific and Technological Development (2001 BA708B04-07) Biography: HAN Bao-qin (1963-), female, Professor.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Eu3+, Sm3+ doped (YxGd1-x)2O3:Si4+, Mg2+ long-lasting phosphor

A novel red long-lasting phosphor, (Y_1−x Gd _x )₂O₃:Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Si⁴⁺, Mg²⁺, was synthesized by the co-precipitation method using oxalate precipitation as the precursor. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), integrated thermal analyzer (TG), and photoluminescence spectra (PL) as well as the ST-900PM weak light photometer were used to study the synthesis conditions, morphology, luminescence properties, and the decay time of the phosphor. The XRD results show that the products synthesized at 1400°C for 4 h have good crystallization without any detectable impurity phases. Based on the PL spectra, the optimal conditions are as the following. The molar ratios of Y³⁺ to Gd³⁺ and Eu³⁺ to Sm³⁺ are 2:8 and 3:1, respectively, and the contents of Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ are 5mol% and 3mol%, respectively. The decay time monitored by the ST-900PM weak light photometer is 7200 s, increasing 44% and 100%, respectively, compared with the Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ single-doped phosphors. The results indicate that the energy transfer is from Sm³⁺ to Eu³⁺ ion, and Sm³⁺ is a good sensitizer to Eu³⁺.     

Microwave sintering of Ca<Subscript>0.6</Subscript>La<Subscript>0.2667</Subscript>TiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> microwave dielectric ceramics

Ca_0.6La_0.2667TiO₃ ceramics were prepared by conventional and microwave sintering techniques and their sinterability, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties were investigated in detail for comparison. Densified Ca_0.6La_0.2667TiO₃ ceramics were obtained by microwave sintering at 1350°C for 30 min and by conventional sintering at 1450°C for 4 h. An unusual phenomenon was found that some larger grains (grain size range: 8–10 μm) inclined to assemble in one area but some smaller ones (grain size range: 2–4 μm) inclined to gather in another area in the microwave sintered ceramics. The microwave dielectric properties of Ca_0.6La_0.2667TiO₃ ceramics prepared by microwave sintering at 1350°C were as follows: dielectric constant (ɛ _r) = 119.6, quality factor (Qf) = 17858.5 GHz, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τ _f) = 155.5 ppm/°C. In contrast, the microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics prepared by conventional sintering at 1450°C were ɛ _r = 117.4, Qf = 13375 GHz, and τ _f = 217.2 ppm/°C.     

Alteration of the specificity ofPst I restriction endonuclease

The influence of factors on the substrate-specificity ofPst I restriction endonuclease has been studied with the method of electrophoresis. The results show that, the specificity ofPst I almost can not be influenced by the single alteration of the concentration of Tris·HCl, Mg²⁺ or Na⁺ in the reaction system, but it can be altered by the reduction of any two of them. The specificity can not be altered by the single alteration of pH or the replacement of Mg²⁺ with Mn²⁺. The addition of glycerol or dimethylsulphoxide (DM-SO) to the reaction system results in the relaxation of the substrate-specificity ofPst I, but dimethyl-methylformide, glycol and ethyl alcohol can not bring about the alteration ofPst I specificity. Through the method of cloning and sequencing, the nucleotides of No. 1 and 6 in the recognition sequence ofPst I have changed (1C→A or 6G→T). Used with the enzyme analysis of an artificially synthetic DNA segment containing a special sequence, the nucleotides of No. 1 and 6 have both changed (1C→A and 6G→T). The recognition sequence ofPst I is speculated to be changed from CTGCA→G to TGCA→. Foundation item: Supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education. Biography: Zou Guo-lin (1947-), male, professor. research direction, biochemistry.     

Temperature dependent spectral response characteristic of III-V compound tandem cell

The GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction tandem cells with a conversion efficiency of 27.1% were fabricated using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. Temperature dependence of the spectral response measurements of the GaInP/GaAs/Ge tandem cell was performed by a quantum effi-ciency system at temperatures ranging from 25℃ to 160℃. The red-shift phenomena of the absorption limit for all subcells were observed with increasing temperature, which is dued to the energy gap nar-rowing with temperature. The short-circuit current densities (J_sc)of GaInP, GaAs and Ge subcells at room temperature calculated based on the spectral response data were 12.9, 13.7 and 17 mA/cm², re-spectively. The temperature coefficient of J_sc for the tandem cell was determined to be 8.9 mA/(cm²·℃), and the corresponding temperature coefficient of the open-circuit voltage deduced from the se-ries-connected model was -6.27 mV/℃.     

Facile synthesis of Ca-α-SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphor by the microwave sintering method and its photoluminescence properties

Pure Ca-SiAlON:Eu2+ was synthesized by microwave sintering method at a relatively low temperature of 1550℃.Photoluminescence intensity of the resultant phosphor was higher than those of the samples synthesized by conventional gas-pressure sintering technique at 1750℃.When it was excited at 450 nm,the as-prepared yellow Ca-SiAlON:Eu2+ sample had an external quantum efficiency of 42%,comparable to the sample synthesized at 1750℃ under 0.5 MPaN2 gas pressure by the GPS method reported in reference.The experimental results demonstrated that the microwave sintering method was also an interesting approach for synthesizing nitride phosphors,which promises lower firing temperature than those by carbothermal reduction and nitridation (CRN) methods,higher heating rate and shorter duration time compared with those by gas-pressure sintering.     

杨晓智 郭建华* 于凯川 王树谦

为了探究重金属胁迫下生物炭对玉米幼苗生长的影响,采用盆栽水培玉米幼苗,在无Pb2+和含Pb2+对照下观察不同裂解温度制备的生物炭对玉米幼苗生长的影响。研究结果表明：生物炭滤出液对玉米种子的萌发影响不显著, WS300(300℃生物炭)促进玉米幼苗的干物质量增加了27%, WS500(500℃生物炭)促进玉米幼苗的干物质量增加了35%。在Pb2+胁迫下,不同裂解温度生物炭对培养液中的Pb2+去除率达到了25%-30%,其中PWS300(含Pb2+的300℃生物炭)促进玉米幼苗茎长增加了25%、干物质量增加了30%。由此可见,生物炭在Pb2+胁迫下对玉米幼苗生长的促进作用有虽所减弱,但依然能明显促进玉米幼苗的早期生长。     

Preparation by a rheological phase reaction method and thermal decomposition reaction mechanism of nickelous salicylate tetrahydrate

0　IntroductionInrecentyears,studiesonBinghamfluid ,suchasElec trorheologicalfluid ,areactivelypursued[1 6] .Rheologicaltechniqueshavebeenplayinganimportantroleinsyntheticchem istry .Therheologicalphasereactionmethodisthe processofpreparingcompoundsormaterialsfromasolid liquidrheologicalmixture.Thatis,thesolidreactantsarefullymixedinapropermolarratio ,andmadeupbyaproperamountofwaterorothersolventstoaBinghambodyinwhichthesolidparticlesandliquidsubstanceareuniformlydistributed ,sothattheprodu…