Effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and properties of foamed glass-ceramics prepared from high-titanium blast furnace slag and waste glass

Foamed glass-ceramics were prepared via a single-step sintering method using high-titanium blast furnace slag and waste glass as the main raw materials The influence of sintering temperature (900-1060℃) on the microstructure and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. The results show that the crystal shape changed from grainy to rod-shaped and finally turned to multiple shapes as the sintering temperature was increased from 900 to 1060℃. With increasing sintering temperature, the average pore size of the foamed glass-ceramics increased and subsequently decreased. By contrast, the compressive strength and the bulk density decreased and subsequently increased. An excessively high temperature, however, induced the coalescence of pores and decreased the compressive strength. The optimal properties, including the highest compressive strength (16.64 MPa) among the investigated samples and a relatively low bulk density (0.83 g/cm3), were attained in the case of the foamed glass-ceramics sintered at 1000℃.     

Influence of CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> addition on the preparation of foamed glass-ceramics from high-titanium blast furnace slag

Foamed glass-ceramics doped with cerium oxide (CeO₂) were successfully prepared from high-titanium blast furnace slag by one-step sintering. The influence of CeO₂ addition (1.5wt%–3.5wt%) on the crystalline phases, microstructure, and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. Results show that CeO₂ improves the stability of the glass phase and changes the two-dimensional crystallization mechanism into three-dimensional one. XRD analysis indicates the presence of Ca(Mg, Fe)Si₂O₆ and Ca(Ti, Mg, Al)(Si, Al)₂O₆ in all sintered samples. Added with CeO₂, TiCeO₄ precipitates, and crystallinity increases, leading to increased thickness of pore walls and uniform pores. The comprehensive properties of foamed glass-ceramics are better than that of samples without CeO₂. In particular, the sample added with a suitable amount of CeO₂ (2.5wt%) exhibits bulk density that is similar to and compressive strength (14.9 MPa) that is more than twice of foamed glass-ceramics without CeO₂.     

Effect of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the crystallization behavior of glass-ceramics produced from naturally cooled yellow phosphorus furnace slag

CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (CAS) glass-ceramics were prepared via a melting method using naturally cooled yellow phosphorus furnace slag as the main raw material. The effects of the addition of Fe₂O₃ on the crystallization behavior and properties of the prepared glass-ceramics were studied by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization activation energy was calculated using the modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. The results show that the intrinsic nucleating agent in the yellow phosphorus furnace slag could effectively promote the crystallization of CAS. The crystallization activation energy first increased and then decreased with increasing amount of added Fe₂O₃. At 4wt% of added Fe₂O₃, the crystallization activation energy reached a maximum of 676.374 kJ·mol-1. The type of the main crystalline phase did not change with the amount of added Fe₂O₃. The primary and secondary crystalline phases were identified as wollastonite (CaSiO₃) and hedenbergite (CaFe(Si₂O₆)), respectively.     

高炉渣含量与热处理制度对矿渣微晶玻璃性能的影响

运用DTA、XRD和SEM等现代分析技术对CaO(MgO)-Al2O3-SiO2系矿渣微晶玻璃的核化晶化温度、物相组成和显微结构进行了分析,探讨了高炉渣引入量和热处理制度的影响.试验结果表明,当高炉渣引入量为45%时,主晶相为硅灰石(CaSiO3)和透辉石(CaMg(SiO3)2),材料结构均匀致密,性能良好.本文适宜的热处理工艺参数为退火温度670 ℃;核化温度850 ℃,晶化温度970 ℃,各保温1 h.     

工艺条件对钢铁废渣玻璃陶瓷显微结构的影响

通过对材料组成和结构的设计,获得了高炉渣和钢渣用量为55％－60％,抗弯强度大于300MPa,显微硬度达12GPa,耐磨性比GCr15钢高26倍的玻璃陶瓷。探讨了微晶化工艺条件对钢铁废渣玻璃陶瓷的显微结构和性能的影响,在一定工艺条件下所制备的玻璃陶瓷的晶相含量可达90％以上,晶粒大小仅0．1－0．3μm,多为等轴柱状晶,以辉石类为主晶相。     

Effects of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the properties of ceramics from steel slag

Ferric oxide is one of the key factors affecting both the microstructure and the properties of CaO-MgO-SiO₂-based ceramics. Research on this effect is significant in the utilization of iron-rich solid wastes in ceramics. Ceramic samples with various Fe₂O₃ contents (0wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt%) were prepared and the corresponding physical properties and microstructure were studied. The results indicated that Fe₂O₃ not only played a fluxing role, but also promoted the formation of crystals. Ceramics with 5wt% of Fe₂O₃ addition attained the best mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 132.9 MPa. Iron ions were dissolved into diopside, consequently causing phase transformation from diopside and protoenstatite to augite, thereby contributing to the enhancement of its properties. An excess amount of Fe₂O₃ addition (10wt% or more) resulted in deteriorated properties due to the generation of an excess volume of liquid and the formation of high-porosity structures within ceramics.     

Effects of Fe_2O_3 on the properties of ceramics from steel slag

Ferric oxide is one of the key factors affecting both the microstructure and the properties of CaO-MgO-SiO_2-based ceramics. Research on this effect is significant in the utilization of iron-rich solid wastes in ceramics. Ceramic samples with various Fe_2O_3 contents(0 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%) were prepared and the corresponding physical properties and microstructure were studied. The results indicated that Fe_2O_3 not only played a fluxing role, but also promoted the formation of crystals. Ceramics with 5 wt% of Fe_2O_3 addition attained the best mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 132.9 MPa. Iron ions were dissolved into diopside, consequently causing phase transformation from diopside and protoenstatite to augite, thereby contributing to the enhancement of its properties. An excess amount of Fe_2O_3 addition(10 wt% or more) resulted in deteriorated properties due to the generation of an excess volume of liquid and the formation of high-porosity structures within ceramics.     

Dielectric properties of spark plasma sintered AlN/SiC composite ceramics

In this study, we have investigated how the dielectric loss tangent and permittivity of AlN ceramics are affected by factors such as powder mixing methods, milling time, sintering temperature, and the addition of a second conductive phase. All ceramic samples were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) under a pressure of 30 MPa. AlN composite ceramics sintered with 30wt%–40wt% SiC at 1600℃ for 5 min exhibited the best dielectric loss tangent, which is greater than 0.3. In addition to AlN and β-SiC, the samples also contained 2H-SiC and Fe₅Si₃, as detected by X-ray difraction (XRD). The relative densities of the sintered ceramics were higher than 93%. Experimental results indicate that nano-SiC has a strong capability of absorbing electromagnetic waves. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of AlN-SiC ceramics with the same content of SiC decreased as the frequency of electromagnetic waves increased from 1 kHz to 1 MHz.     

利用油页岩渣制备微晶玻璃

以油页岩渣为主要原料制备了微晶玻璃,探讨了微晶玻璃组成、主晶相确定和晶核剂选择等问题.采用DTA,XRD和SEM等测试手段,分析了晶核剂和热处理制度对微晶玻璃的影响.结果表明:复合晶核剂(TiO2+P2O5)能有效促进油页岩渣玻璃晶化;最佳热处理制度为:850℃核化100 min,980℃晶化80 min.微晶玻璃的主晶相为钙铁透辉石,次晶相为钙长石;晶体呈纤维状结构并且交错分布;性能明显优于同类的瓷质砖、大理石和花岗岩等建筑装饰材料.     

泡沫铝合金孔隙率对泡沫铝合金/聚甲醛互穿复合材料的影响

使用硅烷偶联剂KH570对孔隙率不同的泡沫铝合金进行表面改性后,通过注塑成型法制备了聚甲醛/泡沫铝合金互穿复合材料。研究了改性后泡沫铝合金表面的红外结构、泡沫铝合金/聚甲醛互穿复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能以及泡沫铝合金/聚甲醛互穿复合材料的磨损表面。研究结果表明,硅烷偶联剂KH570成功接枝到了泡沫铝合金的表面;复合材料的弯曲强度和压缩强度随着泡沫铝合金孔隙率的降低而升高;而复合材料的摩擦学性能随着泡沫铝合金孔隙率的增加而降低。     

Complementation in the composition of steel slag and red mud for preparation of novel ceramics

A method for preparing novel ceramics was developed in this study. Different ratios red muds were added to steel slags to optimize the preparation of novel ceramics by a traditional ceramic preparation process. The sintering mechanism, microstructure, and performance were studied by X-ray diffraction techniques, scanning electron microscopy, and combined experiments of linear shrinkage, water absorption, and flexural strength. The results confirmed that red mud can reduce the volumetric instabilities through the complementarity of red mud and ferroalloy slag. The crystal phases in the ceramics are all pyroxene group minerals, including diopside ferrian, augite, and diopside. The flexural strength of the ceramic that contains 40wt% red mud and was prepared at the optimal sintering temperature (1140℃) is greater than 93 MPa; its corresponding water absorption is less than 0.05%.     

高强度生物活性微晶玻璃的研制

以ＭｇＯ－ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ＿２－Ｐ＿２Ｏ＿５系统基础玻璃，经过微晶化处理，制备了一种高机械强度的生物活性微晶玻璃，用Ｘ射线衍射仪（ＸＲＤ）研究了微晶玻璃的晶相；借助扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察了微晶玻璃的显微结构。结果表明，这种微晶玻璃的主晶相为磷灰石；该材料具有良好的生物活性和力学性能．     

铅硼硅酸盐玻璃中Al2O3含量对复相玻璃陶瓷性能的影响

以低软化点的铅硼硅酸盐玻璃和Al2O3粉末为原料,制备Al2O3/玻璃低温共烧复合玻璃陶瓷材料。考察烧结温度和添加不同质量分数的Al2O3对复合玻璃陶瓷烧结机制和微波介电性能的影响,并探讨了作用机制。结果表明:Al2O3掺入PbO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃中改善了与Al2O3陶瓷的界面润湿,对烧结有一定的促进作用。在添加质量分数为4%Al2O3的复相玻璃陶瓷、烧成温度为850℃时性能最好,其密度为3.1 g/cm3,介电常数为8.46,介电损耗为0.001 1。     

钙硅氧化物的质量比对10%Al2 O3高炉渣--尾矿--粉煤灰微晶玻璃性能的影响

利用高炉渣、尾矿和粉煤灰各自成分特点,在未添加任何晶核剂和其他化学试剂条件下,使用烧结法制得了不同CaO/SiO2质量比的10%Al2 O3(质量分数)矿渣微晶玻璃.通过差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等分析手段,分析了CaO/SiO2质量比和析晶温度对高炉渣-尾矿-粉煤灰微晶玻璃样品的晶相变化规律、析晶行为和主要力学性能的影响.随着CaO/SiO2质量比增大,析晶活化能不断减小,Si-O四面体连接强度下降,质点移动加强,各组开始析晶温度和晶化温度逐渐减小.当玻璃样品中钙硅氧化物的质量比为0.4时,分别在886℃和982℃形核、析晶保温1 h 后,可以得到抗折强度103.59 MPa、显微硬度5.3 GPa、耐酸性0.25%(质量损失率)、耐碱性小于0.1%,主晶相为透辉石的最佳力学性能的微晶玻璃样品.     

鱼皮明胶蛋白膜的制备及其性质改良

利用罗非鱼鱼皮提取明胶制备蛋白膜,考察了浸提条件和戊二醛的添加对明胶蛋白膜性质的影响.结果表明,利用罗非鱼鱼皮可以制备成无色透明的明胶蛋白膜.在80 ℃水浴条件下,伴随着明胶浸提时间的延长,膜的抗拉伸强度(TS)出现先上升后下降的趋势,在浸提时间为1.0 h时达到最大值.而膜的断裂延伸率(EAB)和水蒸气透过率(WVP)则随着浸提时间的增加而下降.然而,浸提时间对膜的透光率没有显著影响.另一方面,当利用质量分数为1%～4%（相对明胶蛋白）的戊二醛对蛋白膜进行改性时,膜的TS、EAB、WVP和溶解性均明显下降,而蛋白膜的色泽变黄,紫外线阻隔能力增强.利用SDS-PAGE分析发现,戊二醛的添加会使明胶分子发生交联反应,且反应更易在高分子成分之间发生     

玻璃组成对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃烧结、晶化和性能的影响

采用烧结法制备以钙长石为主晶相的微晶玻璃.采用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和性能测试研究玻璃组成对玻璃的烧结、晶化特性和性能的影响.结果表明:随着CaO含量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度逐渐降低,而且析晶放热峰变得尖锐;增加氧化钙降低玻璃的析晶活化能,有利于玻璃的析晶;随着SiO2量的增加,玻璃转变温度和析晶放热峰温度移向高温,使玻璃的析晶困难;玻璃样品的烧结温度随CaO含量的增加而降低, 但过多的CaO促进硅酸钙的析出,增加样品的介电常数和热膨胀系数;增加SiO2能够降低微晶玻璃样品的热膨胀系数,改善其介电性能;所制备的微晶玻璃具有相对密度高(≥98.3%),介电常数适中(6.9～7.5),介电损耗低(≤0.1%),热膨胀系数低(3.8×10-6～4.5×10-6 /℃),烧结温度(900～1 000 ℃)低,及介电常数温度稳定性低(66×10-6～113×10-6 /℃).     

纯铝基泡沫铝材料的制备工艺

用熔体发泡法制备纯铝基泡沫铝.采取快速搅拌加发泡剂的方法,解决了在高于纯铝熔点温度下,发泡剂分解速度快而不利于均匀混合到熔体中的难点;重点研究了发泡时间对制得的纯铝基泡沫铝质量的影响.研究表明,制备质量优良的纯铝基泡沫铝材料的最佳工艺条件为:增黏剂金属钙的加入量为2%~3%;增黏搅拌时间为4~5 min;发泡剂的加入量为1.0%~1.5%;加发泡剂时熔体的温度为690~700℃;搅拌速度为1500~1800 r/min,搅拌时间为3 min,发泡剂控制在1.5 min内加完,发泡时间为4~5 min;自然冷却法冷却.压缩性能的检测结果表明,纯铝基泡沫铝的压缩强度比Al-Si合金泡沫铝的压缩强度...     

Effects of AlN on the densification and mechanical properties of pressureless-sintered SiC ceramics

In the present work, Si C ceramics was fabricated with Al N using B_4 C and C as sintering aids by a solid-state pressureless-sintered method. The effects of Al N contents on the densification, mechanical properties, phase compositions, and microstructure evolutions of as-obtained Si C ceramics were thoroughly investigated. Al N was found to promote further densification of the Si C ceramics due to its evaporation over 1800 °C,transportation, and solidification in the pores resulted from Si C grain coarsening. The highest relative density of 99.65% was achieved for Si C sample with 15.0 wt% Al N by the pressureless-sintered method at 2130 °C for 1 h in Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, the fracture mechanism for Si C ceramics containing Al N tended to transfer from single transgranular fracture mode to both transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture modes when the sample with 30.0 wt% Al N sintered at 1900 °C for 1 h in Ar. Also, Si C ceramics with 30.0 wt% Al N exhibited the highest fracture toughness of 5.23 MPa m~(1/2) when sintered at 1900 °C.     

钢渣基高碱度微晶玻璃的一步法制备及工艺参数研究

为了提高微晶玻璃原料中高钙冶金渣的掺量,需要制备出碱度更高的微晶玻璃. 本文采用一步法,以钢渣为主要原料,制备碱度( CaO与SiO2的质量比)为0. 9的钢渣基高碱度微晶玻璃. 通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜和性能测试等手段,研究热处理条件对微晶玻璃微观形貌及线收缩率、体积密度和抗折强度等性能的影响规律. 研究表明,高碱度微晶玻璃适合采用一步法制备工艺,当在1100℃保温120 min时,微晶玻璃烧结过程基本完成,此时获得最大体积密度2. 4 g·cm-3 ,最高抗折强度56. 4 MPa. 微晶玻璃的主晶相为钙铝黄长石,副晶相为辉石. 基础玻璃颗粒在升温过程中完成了成核和析晶过程,而在保温过程中主要进行的是基础玻璃颗粒的烧结致密化和晶体的进一步发育. 升温至1100℃保温30 min,微晶玻璃的抗折强度超过45 MPa,微晶玻璃内部晶体呈方柱状交织排列并构成晶体骨架分布在残余的玻璃基体中;随着保温时间的增加,微晶玻璃的线性烧结收缩率、体积密度和抗折强度均逐渐增大,而晶相的含量基本保持不变,晶体逐渐由球形颗粒状和短柱状发育为长柱状. 晶体的形状以及与残余玻璃相构成的整体致密结构是导致高碱度微晶玻璃力学性能提高的主要因素.     

轧制制度对闭孔泡沫铝材料塑性的影响

研究了采用熔体发泡法制备的闭孔泡沫铝材料的轧制过程,分析了不同道次压下量条件下泡沫铝的变形特点与破坏方式,探讨了影响泡沫铝轧制能力的主要因素.结果表明:闭孔泡沫铝的轧制应遵循多道次、小变形的原则.道次压下量为0.1 mm时,Si质量分数为12%的泡沫铝(厚度约11 mm)经10道次变形后可实现1 mm的总变形量.道次压下量过大时泡沫铝的破坏方式为典型的脆性断裂,适宜的压下量则有利于发挥泡沫铝良好的吸能性,但小变形时易出现弯曲而使材料最终发生剪切破坏.提高泡沫铝轧制能力的具体方法为降低基体中的Si含量,提高材料组织性能的均一性,轧制工艺中采用适宜的道次压下量和较低的轧制速度.