高速列车头车外流场气动噪声的仿真与实验研究

针对高速列车的头车进行全尺寸三维模型和流场流域的创建,并通过k-ε湍流模型计算稳态流场;在稳态流场的基础上,采用宽频带噪声模型计算头车表面的气动噪声源;利用大涡模拟(LES)方法计算瞬态流场,进而获取车身外表面的脉动压力;再基于瞬态流场,采用Lighthill声类比理论研究头车远场气动噪声的计算.最后,比较气动噪声的仿真分析结果与实地试验结果,验证了仿真结果的正确性.     

高速列车底部导流板的气动减阻特性研究

为改善列车底部流场结构，进一步减低高速列车的气动阻力，基于底部导流的思想，设计了一种列车底部转向架舱前后位置布置、截面为三角形的导流板并开展其气动减阻特性研究.以300 km/h的速度明线运行的三车编组CRH380B型高速列车为研究对象，采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型，对4种典型的导流板安装位置进行探讨，并选择减阻效果最好的导流板安装位置，分别探究了5种角度和5种高度的不同组合下的导流板减阻特性差异，对比了安装导流板前后车体、转向架以及转向架舱上的阻力变化情况、压力分布变化情况以及转向架区域的流场结构变化情况.结果表明：仅在各转向架舱前双向开行的来流方向安装导流板时的减阻效果最佳；安装导流板后，车体、转向架舱上的气动阻力虽有所增加，但转向架上的阻力明显减少，转向架区域流速降低，前后压差减小，底部流场显著改善.同时发现，15°、100 mm组合的导流板减阻效果最佳，三车减阻率达7.08%.数值仿真证明了底部导流板能有效减小列车运行阻力.     

近水面飞行器低速气动特性拖曳水池试验方法

为了解决近水面飞行器非常规低速气动特性试验难题,分析了航空拖曳水池试验中空气流场特性,采用试验测试方法和计算流体方法(CFD)对试验区的流场特性进行研究,设计了适用于近水面飞行器低速气动特性试验的拖曳水池试验方法。首先对高速航空水池拖车底部试验区进行了风速增量测试,并将CFD仿真结果与测试结果进行对比。再利用CFD仿真开展了前置试验区试验方法优化设计,对前置试验装置进行试验测试和验证。最后利用前置试验方法开展了某型飞机模型验证试验,将模型前置试验结果与模型安装在拖车底部试验结果进行对比。结果表明:在前置试验区不同高度测量点风速试验值与理想值相差在2%以内,形成了一个风速增量稳定区间;采用前置装置进行模型水池拖曳试验时,试验模型的气动特性与实机气动特性更加接近,试验结果更可信,可利用该试验方法开展在拖曳水池中进行的非常规低速气动特性试验。     

引射器活门调节机构的流固热耦合特性

针对船用燃气轮机引射器活门调节机构多场耦合下的结构强度问题,建立了引射器三维流场以及活门阀片的结构模型,采用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法,分别对流场进行了稳态与瞬态仿真分析.将瞬态仿真的结果作为有限元模型的边界条件,进行了包含热、气动和离心载荷的顺序单向流固热耦合分析.结果表明,相较于稳态仿真,瞬态仿真结果的趋势相近但压差更大.时变载荷的稳态求解,可能导致强度的估计不足.对活门调节机构而言,热载荷对机构阀片的变形、应力起到主要作用,气动载荷所导致的弯曲应力可以抵消一部分热载荷导致的弯曲应力,而离心载荷对机构的影响较小,可以忽略.所采用的分析方法可用于引射器活门调节机构等典型运动调节机构的结构设计与优化.     

非均匀来流下飞翼布局气动特性模拟方法研究

飞翼布局的非均匀来流会使得飞翼的流场不均匀,从而影响其气动性能。通过引入"网格速度"来计入非均匀来流的影响,求解非定常Navier-Stokes方程,实现了非均匀来流下飞翼布局气动特性的数值模拟。首先采用该方法对NACA0006翼型非均匀来流下的气动力响应进行了计算,计算结果与文献计算结果吻合良好。进一步对某飞翼布局飞机在非均匀来流下的气动力响应过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同振荡速度比率下飞翼布局气动力系数随相位角变化曲线,结果表明,振荡速度比率越大,升力响应的幅值越大,非均匀来流对飞行器气动特性影响越明显。     

低速湍流中气动噪声预测方法

 为了研究气动噪声的产生机理和传播过程,在考虑介质黏性的影响情况下,采用分解法并结合湍流模型,对低速湍流流动中气动噪声问题在时域上进行数值计算。基于非结构化同位网格和有限体积法,把可压缩N-S方程分解成不可压N-S方程、含黏性项的声扰动方程;为了考虑质点振速和声压耦合,采用SimpleC算法来同步求解不可压N-S方程和声扰动方程。进出口远场边界采用以渐近解为基础的无反射边界条件,并采用与内部区域相对应的有限体积法、时间隐式格式对其进行求解。利用所编制的程序进行层流状态下圆柱绕流气动噪声仿真验证,并与文献结果进行对比,检验本方法的正确性;并结合湍流模型将数值解法推广到湍流状态下气动噪声数值模拟中。结果表明该方法能够很好地反映流场和声场的形态,无反射边界能很好地抑制声波在边界处的反射,适合低速流气动噪声问题模拟,为实际工程中的降噪工作提供预测信息。     

耦合气动参数与车身姿态变化的圈速仿真

以大学生方程式赛车为对象展开圈速仿真研究,综合考虑离地间隙和偏航角与阻力系数、升力系数之间的关系,采用试验和数值仿真相结合的方法,研究行驶中车身姿态变化对方程式赛车气动特性的影响。首先,对现有车辆气动模型进行修正,再利用龙格库塔方法对速度积分进行圈速仿真,并与商业软件Optimumlap的仿真结果进行对比。结果表明,基于气动参数与车身姿态耦合关系建立的模型对于圈速仿真有着更为准确的描述;忽略气动变化影响会高估过弯时轮胎的抓地力,且在不考虑载荷转移的同时低估赛车的加速性能,从而高估阻力对于圈速的影响;考虑载荷转移的模型,不同赛道对阻力的敏感程度不同。为改进赛车空气动力学设计提供参考。     

参数多项式法在矿井主扇扩散器通风流场中的应用

矿井主扇扩散器的作用是将扇风机出口的速压大部分转变为静压,以减少扇风机出口的速压损失,提高扇风机的静压.研究扩散器的流场,对扩散器设计参数及通风节能有较大的指导作用.作者利用流体动力学理论,就扩散器流场问题,建立了风流流动的数学模型,给出了计算所需的边界条件,并应用参数多项式方法模拟出了扩散器的风流流场.     

考虑固体颗粒的自由喷流噪声的数值研究

研究固体颗粒对喷流流场和声场的影响.选取6种不同的湍流模型，对自由喷流进行稳态计算分析，对比发现RNG k-ε模型最适合用于稳态喷流数值模拟；采用LES模型计算喷流的非稳态结果，并结合FW-H方程进行了喷流声场分析，与试验数据进行对比，验证了数值模型的正确性；在此模型的基础上，添加固体颗粒研究其对自由喷流流场和声场的影响，仿真结果表明固体颗粒的存在减小了喷流流场的超音速段长度，显著提高了喷流温度；增大了喷流下游区域噪声，减小了中上游区域噪声.      

基于排屑性能的扩孔气动冲击器设计方法

为了提高硬质地层中扩孔气动冲击器的排屑性能,基于岩屑颗粒在排屑流场中的临界流速原则,运用计算流体力学理论和Fluent仿真软件,研究了一种与排屑性能相关的扩孔气动冲击器设计方法,并将该设计方法在反向扩孔气动冲击器上进行应用.得到设计前后冲击器排屑流场内气相速度分布规律,岩屑颗粒速度及轨迹变化情况和环路内岩屑颗粒浓度分布情况.研究结果表明:反向扩孔气动冲击器排屑流场环路内岩屑颗粒临界流速为6.02m/s,采用该设计方法能够有效地增加反向扩孔气动冲击器的排屑性能,使得排屑流场环路内气流速度增加到10m/s左右,岩屑颗粒在排屑流场的停留时间减短,流场内颗粒浓度分布范围由0~100kg/m³下降到0~4kg/m³.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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