Possible seismic reflector in the lower crust： Evidence from fabrics and experiments of seismic velocity on layered gabbro at high temperature and high pressure

Lattice preferred orientations (LPO) of plagioclase and augite are measured on layered gabbro from the Panxi region, Sichuan Province. The LPO concentration [010] of plagioclase and [100] of augite are perpendicular to the foliation, which indicates a kind of growth fabric associated with crystallizing habits of minerals when the magma is solidifying under the compaction. Calculated seismic velocities based on LPO data of minerals give rise to rather strong anisotropy 5.81% and 5.54% for compressional seismic wave (Vp) and shear seismic wave (Vs), respectively. The experiments at high temperature and high pressure show that the P-wave velocity of layered gabbro is 6.4-6.97 km/s with the maximum Vp anisotropy 5.22% and the Poisson‘s ratio is between 0.28-0.31. According to the comparison of fabrics with seismic velocities of layered gabbro, it is suggested that the large-scale layered intrusive body or the similar layered geological body may exist in the lower crust of this area. Such a layered intrusive body which has strong seismic anisotropy may be the seismic reflector in the lower crust.     

The application of large volume airgun sources to the onshore-offshore seismic surveys： implication of the experimental results in northern South China Sea

Onshore-offshore seismic experiments were carried out for the first time in northern South China Sea using large volume airgun sources at sea and seismic stations on land. The experimental results indicate that seismic signals from the new airgun array of R/V Shiyan 2 can be detected as far as 255 km. The signal effective area reaches nearly 50000 km2, which covers Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta. Compared with the old airgun array, the signal amplitude, propagation distance and effective area of the new airgun array have been increased notably, which demonstrates that the upgrade of the airgun source was successful. Comparisons with previous experimental results in other regions show that the shooting effect of the new airgun array is similar to those best airgun sources in the world. Especially, it is a new breakthrough in using the permanent seismic stations onshore to record long distance airgun signals offshore, which has great significance to the realization of the \"seismic radar\" concept and the 3D seismic surveys of crustal structure in coastal areas.     

东秦岭造山带形成过程新探索

根据秦岭造山带郯庐断裂以东部分（本文称东秦岭造山带）的地质和地球物理特征，对东秦岭造山带的形成过程作了新的探索；并有新的造山作用模式解释了下扬子地区的性质，郯庐断裂为何中于大别山南缘突然中止以及秦岭造山带为何被一分为二等重要问题。     

Characteristics of the crustal structure and hypocentral tectonics in the epicentral area of Nan’ao earthquake (M7.5), the northeastern South China Sea

1918 Nan’ao earthquake (M7.5) occurred in the northeast coastal areas of Guangdong Province. With the seismogeological survey of the epicentral area and history materials analyses, the earthquake epicenter was estimated to locate in the intersection part of the Binhai fault zone (Littoral) and Huanggangshui fault, which strikes NEE and NW, respectively. The activities of the NEE-striking thrust fault and NW-striking extensional fault that were attributed to 1918 Nan’ao earthquake occurred in the Dongshan Island of the epicentral area; they reflected the focal stress field with compression in NW-SE direction and extension in NE-SW direction. The isoseismal contour of seismic intensity X shows a shape of ‘X’ composed of two mutually overlapping ellipses with two axes striking NEE and NW, respectively, and such shape implies that the occurrence of this earthquake is controlled by a pair of conjugate seismotectonic faults constituted by the NEE-striking Binhai fault zone and the NW-striking Huanggangshui fault. The Binhai fault zone is a dominant seismogenic structure, and the NW-striking Huanggangshui fault is the subdominant one. The onshoreoffshore deep seismic profile that crossed the epicentral area and was perpendicular to the strike of the Binhai fault zone was obtained. According to the analyses of the seismic data, the Binhai fault zone is defined as a low velocity zone with SE dip-slip in thecrustal structure section. The Binhai fault zone is a boundary fault between the South China subplate and South China Sea subplate. The crust structure on the northwest side of Binhai fault zone is a normal continental crust with a thickness of 30 km, and the one on the southeast side of the fault zone is a thinning continental crust with a thickness of 25―28 km. The Binhai fault zone is an important seismogenic fault and also is an earthquake-controlling fault. The intersection part between the Binhai fault zone and the low velocity zone of upper crust is advantageous to stress concentration and strain energy accumulation, and presents the deep dynamic conditions for the earthquake’s pregnancy and occurrence.     

山西断陷带的地震分布及地壳地震波速度结构

为了研究山西断陷带的地震活动性及其物理背景,利用国家地震科学数据共享中心以及山西省地震局提供的地震震相数据,通过tomoDD方法对1990—2008年和2012—2016年期间的地震进行重定位,并反演山西断陷带附近的地震波速度结构。地震集中于山西断陷带内,基本上位于已知断层附近,主要分布在太原盆地的东北-西南两侧。震源深度范围为0～30 km,北部区域震源深度小,震源深度超过20 km的地震主要分布在忻定盆地以南地区,太原盆地两侧的地震集中区形成两个延伸深度最大的南北走向的垂直地震密集条带,推测受太原盆地两侧两个近南北走向的活动的深大断裂控制。太原盆地两侧近南北走向的两个活动深大断裂如果贯通,有可能发生7级以上强震。同时,研究结果显示山西断陷带地壳的地震波速结构变化剧烈,该断陷带下方的地壳普遍表现为低速,但其中太原盆地下方地壳的波速略高,其东北侧和西南侧断陷盆地下方的地壳则表现为更低的波速;与此相反,其西北侧和东南侧紧邻太原盆地的两个小区域下方的地壳则表现为明显的高速,大同西部区域下方的地壳也表现为明显的高速。这些波速特征都与地表构造以及地表热流值有很好的对应关系,太原盆地东北侧和西南...     

龙门山断裂带南段耿达—陇东断裂的浅层地震反射波法探测

使用浅层地震反射波法研究龙门山南段耿达—陇东断裂的空间位置和展布形态,为该断裂最新活动性的评价和最大发震能力的评估提供依据。针对耿达—陇东断裂所经过山间峡谷场地的基岩界面埋藏较浅、来自浅部的有效信号容易被震源附近强烈的干扰波覆盖等问题,在浅层地震探测工作中采取了小道间距、小偏移距、多道短排列接收和共反射点多次覆盖观测的工作方式,经数据处理后获得浅层地震反射剖面图像,揭示了耿达—陇东断裂及其分支在宝兴县陇东镇若必沟一带的空间展布位置和近地表构造形态,耿达—陇东断裂为一条走向NE、倾向NW、近地表倾角约为65°~80°的逆断层,断裂通过处零星发育宝兴西河T1、T2阶地,但未见较大的河流冲沟发育和断错河流T1、T2阶地等现象。     

“4·20”芦山地震的构造破裂与发震断层

通过对"4.20"芦山地震构造破裂及变形特征的分析研究,阐明触发M=7.0级强烈地震的构造因素是NE向大川-双石断裂的逆断兼右旋走滑错动,断层面最大逆断-右旋滑动量达到1.51m。震中位置应在地震断裂通过的双石-太平区段而非震害严重的龙门乡。造成龙门乡震害异常的主要因素是该盆地较厚的第四系强烈的场地效应及建筑物结构强度不足。此次地震是龙门山断裂带地壳构造应力调整、地壳岩体应力-形变过程进入累进性发展阶段的必然结果。地壳破裂扩展方向具有向龙门山中央断裂发展的趋势。     

简析中国大陆地震活动与余震活动特点

简要介绍了中国大陆地震活动的特点,显示中国大陆强震活动主要在包括南北地震带在内的中国西部地区,尤以青藏高原内部的地震活动最强.近年来7级以上大地震更多集中在巴颜喀喇地块边界附近.2014年5级以上地震主要分布在中国西部地区,南北地震带南段的川滇境内6级以上地震频发.余震活动及地震序列的分析显示,对于不同震型特点的强震序列,其地震序列的衰减特性和活动性参数具有不同特点.     

鸟取MJMA 7.3级地震震源区地震层析成像研究

采用2000年日本鸟取MJMA7.3级地震的907个余震及其地方震的24 756个P波和22 547个S波到时,确定鸟取地震震源区的P波、S波和泊松比的三维结构.在震源区地震波速变化幅度达4%,泊松比变化幅度达9%.在11 km深度发现高波速和低泊松比异常,表明这一部位为刚性的粗糙断层面,形成断裂带的锁定结构,它的破裂产生鸟取地震的主震.低波速和高泊松比异常在震源区之下的地壳中出现,这与菲律宾板块俯冲带的脱水过程和岩浆活动有关,导致Daisen弧后火山的形成.流体运动和岩浆活动,对鸟取地震的成核和破裂过程有重大的影响.     

浅谈建筑结构抗震设计

阐述了建筑结构抗震设计的重要性,介绍了抗震设防的目标和抗震设计的内容。