Effects of morphine administration on cerebellar guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate

Summary An increase in mouse cerebellar C-GMP levels, during acute morphine treatment was observed, which was possibly related to the decrease in C-GMP phosphodiesterase levels also observed in acute treatment. Chronic treatment lowered C-GMP levels as did abrupt withdrawal without naloxone.     

Effects of morphine administration on cerebellar guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate.

An increase in mouse cerebellar C-GMP levels during acute morphine treatment was observed, which was possibly related to the decrease in C-GMP phosphodiesterase levels also observed in acute treatment. Chronic treatment lowered C-GMP levels as did abrupt withdrawal without naloxone.     

Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment stimulates oxygen consumption and biosynthetic function in perfused liver of young and old rats

The effect of treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine on hepatic mitochondrial respiration and biosynthetic function in perfused liver from young (90 days) and old (22-24 months) rats was studied. Rats were given a 1.5% (w/v) solution of acetyl-L-carnitine in their drinking water for 1 month and oxygen consumption together with the rate of gluconeogenesis, urea synthesis, and ketogenesis with and without added substrates were measured in perfused liver. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was also assessed in liver homogenate and isolated mitochondria to determine the maximal capacity for oxidative phosphorylation. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment almost completely restored the age-dependent decline in oxygen consumption, gluconeogenesis, urea synthesis, and ketogenesis found in perfused liver of old rats to the levels found in young rats. In addition, acetyl-L-carnitine treatment increased oxygen consumption and biosynthetic function in perfused liver from young rats. After acetyl-L-carnitine treatment, we found detectable 3-oxoacyl-CoA-transferase activity associated with a consumption of ketone bodies in young and old rats. Finally, oxygen consumption measured in homogenate and isolated mitochondria did not change with age and acetyl-L-carnitine treatment. Our results show that in perfused liver, acetyl-L-carnitine treatment slows the age-associated decline in mitochondrial respiration and biosynthetic function. In addition, treatment of young rats with acetyl-L-carnitine has a stimulating effect on liver metabolism, probably through an increase in ATP production. Received 25 October 2000; received after revision 14 December 2000; accepted 11 January 2001     

Fenton试剂的发展及在废水处理中的应用

Fenton在废水处理中具有独特的优势，是一种很有应用前景的废水处理技术。文章介绍了该技术的发展过程、主要类型，尤其介绍了和其它方法联合的优势，以及应用情况，并对各类型的优势、问题、发展趋势作出评述。     

我国农村生活污水分散式处理技术的研究进展

随着我国农村经济社会的发展和农民生活水平的提高,农村生活污水排放量逐年增长,导致水体环境严重恶化,迫切需要治理。本文对近年来我国已研究应用的农村生活污水处理技术进行了概括与分类,系统的分析了5类(生物法、生态法、物化法、组合工艺和一体化设备)农村生活污水分散式处理技术的原理、研究进展和难点,讨论了农村生活污水分散式处理技术发展的方向与思路。     

补肾固齿丸对大鼠实验性牙周炎牙槽骨吸收的影响

目的观察补肾固齿丸对大鼠实验性牙周炎牙槽骨吸收的影响,进一步探讨补肾固齿丸对牙周炎的治疗机理.方法建立大鼠牙周炎模型,给予补肾固齿丸治疗,采用放射免疫法测定血清骨钙蛋白与Ⅰ型胶原交联 C端肽浓度,同时采用体式显微镜进行牙槽骨吸收分析,以评价补肾固齿丸对大鼠实验性牙周炎的治疗作用.结果经过补肾固齿丸治疗30d后,补肾固齿丸高中低剂量组血清中骨钙蛋白与Ⅰ型胶原交联 C端肽的浓度均低于牙周炎模型组(P<0.05),同时体式显微镜观察高中低剂量大鼠牙槽骨吸收总值明显低于牙周炎模型组(P<0.05),而三个剂量组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论补肾固齿丸能改善牙周炎大鼠牙槽骨代谢状况,减少牙槽骨的吸收     

Effects of oral contraceptive steroids (norethisterone/mestranol) on the activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in iron-deficient anemic rats

Either oral contraceptive steroid (norethisterone/mestranol; N/M) treatment or iron-deficiency (Fe(-] anemia alone caused an increase in NADPH cytochrome c reductase and in three hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities in female rats. When N/M treatment and the Fe(-) diet are combined, no further change in hepatic enzyme activity is seen compared with that with either treatment alone.     

Effects of postnatal progesterone treatment on ovarian function in adult rats

Long-lasting postnatal progesterone administration in female rats induced an early or delayed ovulatory failure with persistent vaginal estrus. Short-term treatment was ineffective. The beginning and incidence of ovulatory failure appeared to depend on the beginning and duration of progresterone treatment. The necessary duration of progesterone administration exceeds the critical postnatal steroid sensitive period of sexual differentiation of the hypothalamus. Moreover, long-lasting progesterone treatment results in ovulatory failure even if started after termination of this period.     

The coming-to-be of Hansen’s method

This article by Curtis Wilson is an account of the origin of Hansen’s powerful systematic method for finding contributions of higher order perturbations in celestial mechanics. Hansen’s method was developed in the course of improving on Laplace’s treatment of the mutual perturbations of Jupiter and Saturn. This method, an entirely new way of doing celestial mechanics when it first appeared, later made possible the successful treatment of the complicated motions of our moon (see Wilson 2010). In this paper Wilson gives a brief historical introduction followed by an account of relevant technical details of the Laplacian background, an account illustrating technical details in Hansen’s initial development in his Disquisitions of 1829, and a treatment illustrating details contributing to the achievement of Hansen’s more refined development in his Untersuchung of 1831. These details include conditional equations Hansen provides for checking the accuracy of calculations. Wilson also includes a detailed assessment showing the extraordinary improvement in empirical accuracy of Hansen’s treatment over the best earlier treatment of the Jupiter-Saturn  interactions.     

Age-related differences in the effect of in vivo administration of indomethacin on hemopoietic cell lineages of the spleen and bone marrow of mice.

During 21 days of indomethacin treatment, erythroid cells in the spleens of both young adult and older mice, and in the bone marrow of young adult mice, were increased significantly early in treatment, relative to age-matched control organs, and remained high throughout treatment. During drug exposure, the numbers of myeloid cells in young adult bone marrow, but not spleen, were reduced, but in older mice these cells were elevated in both organs. Lymphoid cells in the young adult and older mouse spleens decreased and increased, respectively, during treatment, but were unchanged and decreased, respectively, in the bone marrow of young adult and older mice. Monocyte-macrophage cells in the spleen were elevated but unchanged in the bone marrow of both age groups. During 14 days of indomethacin treatment of young adult mice, the proportions of precursor cells in DNA synthesis of only the splenic erythroid lineage were increased. Thus, the major hemopoietic lineages in both the bone marrow and spleen are affected by exposure to indomethacin in a time-dependent and age-dependent manner. For all lineages studied, those of the bone marrow were least disturbed and/or were first to recover, even during continued drug exposure.     

Diurnal fluctuation of sensitivity to noradrenaline in the rat and thyroid adrenal interaction

Summary Diurnal fluctuation of the sensitivity to noradrenaline, which disappeared after thyroidectomy, was restored after novotyrol treatment. Dexamethasone treatment did not result in the restoration of the diurnal fluctuation of noradrenaline calorigenic action in adrenalectomized animals.     

Effect of chronic alloxan diabetes and insulin treatment on adipose tissue lipid composition of rats

Summary Decreased content of the adipose tissue lipids was observed in chronic alloxan diabetic rats and was restored to normal with insulin treatment. Prolonged insulin treatment in normal rats also resulted in increase of the lipid content of the adipose tissue.     

Age-related differences in the effect of in vivo administration of indomethacin on hemopoietic cell lineages of the spleen and bone marrow of mice

During 21 days of indomethacin treatment, erythroid cells in the spleens of both young adult and older mice, and in the bone marrow of young adult mice, were increased significantly early, in treatment, relative to age-matched control organs, and remained high throughout treatment. During drug exposure, the numbers of myeloid cells in young adult bone marrow, but not spleen, were reduced, but in older mice these cells were elevated in both organs. Lymphoid cells in the young adult and older mouse spleens decreased and increased, respectively, during treatment, but were unchanged and decreased, respectively, in the bone marrow of young adult and older mice. Monocytemacrophage cells in the spleen were elevated but unchanged in the bone marrow of both age groups. During 14 days of indomethacin treatment of houng adult mice, the proportions of precursor cells in DNA synthesis of only the splenic erythroid lineage were increased. Thus, the major hemopoietic lineages in both the bone marrow and spleen are affected by exposure to indomethacin in a time-dependent and age-dependent manner. For all lineages studied, those of the bone marrow were least disturbed, and/or were first to recover, even during continued drug exposure.     

Type I IFN-mediated regulation of IL-1 production in inflammatory disorders

Although contributing to inflammatory responses and to the development of certain autoimmune pathologies, type I interferons (IFNs) are used for the treatment of viral, malignant, and even inflammatory diseases. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a strongly pyrogenic cytokine and its importance in the development of several inflammatory diseases is clearly established. While the therapeutic use of IL-1 blocking agents is particularly successful in the treatment of innate-driven inflammatory disorders, IFN treatment has mostly been appreciated in the management of multiple sclerosis. Interestingly, type I IFNs exert multifaceted immunomodulatory effects, including the reduction of IL-1 production, an outcome that could contribute to its efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on IL-1 and IFN effects in different inflammatory disorders, the influence of IFNs on IL-1 production, and discuss possible therapeutic avenues based on these observations.     

Drug action on adenylate kinase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of arteriosclerotic patients

A manifest presence of adenylate kinase activity in cerebrospinal fluid was found in patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis. This activity was significantly higher during treatment with co-dergocrine (Hydergin) compared with the two periods before and after treatment.     

Growth hormone alters lymphocyte sub-populations and antibody production in dwarf rats in vivo

Female dwarf rats at different ages were treated with recombinant porcine GH or with a potent sheep anti-rat GH serum. Body weight and spleen weight increased with GH and decreased with anti-GH treatment (p<0.001). Neither GH nor anti-GH treatment resulted in a change in circulating WBCs, but GH decreased, while anti-GH increased, RBC counts (p<0.001). Similarly, GH treatment tended to decrease the ratio of CD4⁺:CD8⁺ T-cells while anti-GH increased (p<0.05) the ratio. Anti-GH treatment also enhanced the animals' ability to produce specific IgG in response to KLH injection. These results indicate that GH may have a physiological role in suppressing humoral immune function but may enhance cell-mediated immunity.     

膜分离处理印染废水研究进展

印染废水具有水量大、色度高、成分复杂、环境污染严重等特点。膜分离技术处理印染废水具有选择性好、生产效率高和处理成本低等特点。基于对近年来的文献调研,综述了膜分离技术在印染废水处理中的研究进展情况,指出了膜分离法处理印染废水还存在的主要问题和未来发展方向,并对膜分离技术处理印染废水应用前景作了展望。     

Influence of treatment duration on audiogenic seizure susceptibility during barbiturate withdrawal in rats

Barbiturate withdrawal seizure susceptibility in rats increased with increasing duration of treatment during a 15-day treatment period in which the animals were given an i.p. dose of sodium barbital every 12 h. This method of producing dependence has clear advantages over previously described methods.     

Effects of calcium and daminozide on ethylene production and softening of apple fruits

Summary Ethylene production of McIntosh apples was reduced by both a postharvest treatment with CaCl₂ and a daminozide treatment applied in the field. The CaCl₂ treatment was more effective than daminozide in reducing the rate of softening during storage at 1°C.Acknowledgment. This investigation was supported by the National Research Council, Canada, and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food. A gift of Keltrol from the Charles Tennant & Company, Weston, Ontario, is also acknowledged.     

城镇生活污水处理技术研究进展

随着城市化的发展和人民生活水平的提高，城镇生活污水排放数量大，呈逐年增长趋势，且污水成分日趋复杂，是导致水体环境恶化的重要污染源，城镇生活污水迫切需要治理，本文在对实施城镇生活污水处理难点进行概述的基础上，就近年来采用生物法、膜分离技术和强化一级处理工艺处理城镇生活污水的研究进展、优势和局限性进行了较为系统的分析，探讨了城镇生活污水处理技术的发展方向。