浅埋地下结构浮力模型试验研究

针对浅埋地下结构浮力试验的特点,研制了一套直接测定静水中结构底板所受浮力的模型试验系统.根据纯水中扬压力等于静水压力,确定了主要系统参数.利用该系统,对不同埋深下纯水、饱和砾石、中砂、细砂、粉土和黏性土中模型室底板受到的浮力及孔隙水压力进行了测试.试验结果表明,该系统在纯水中浮力测试的最大误差小于1%.饱和砾石、中砂、细砂和粉土中模型室底板所受浮力比其在相同条件下的纯水中受到的浮力小约5%,而饱和黏性土中模型室底板所受浮力与其在相同条件下的纯水中受到的浮力相等.饱和粉土和黏性土在填筑过程中,底板所受浮力极大,并可能超过被其排开的饱和土的重量,且测压管水头在填筑过程中均超过填土面高度,埋置越深的测压管水头越高.长期稳定状态下,饱和无黏性土和黏性土中各测压管中水头高度均与填土表面齐平.     

切割锚环V形罩微爆索结构参数优化分析

锚网支护为煤矿安全高效生产提供了必要的技术保障。工作面回采过程中，往往由于锚网支护强度过高，造成工作面上下端头三角悬顶，给矿井安全生产留下隐患。爆炸切割技术方便快捷，能够快速切断锚环，释放锚索锚固力，达到弱化三角悬顶区顶板强度的目的。因此本文设计了一种V形罩微爆索，研究锥角，装药高度，炸高及罩壁厚4个结构参数对金属射流侵彻靶板深度与射流速度的影响机理。研究结果表明：当分析的可靠性为95%，罩壁厚对射流速度有显著性影响；当分析的可靠性为90%，罩壁厚对侵彻深度有影响；当分析的可靠性为80%，装药高度和炸高对射流速度有一定影响。对于V形罩的微爆索而言，最佳结构参数为：锥角80°，装药高度6 mm，炸高2 mm，罩壁厚0.2 mm，其侵彻深度为0.489 cm，射流速度为4 384 m·s-1。     

微自由活塞动力装置参数设计的数值模拟

随着微燃烧室尺寸的缩小,微自由活塞动力装置结构参数的微小变化会影响其工作稳定性及输出功率的大小.为了开发出性能优良的微动力装置,结合动网格技术,采用FLUENT软件对微自由活塞动力装置参数设计进行了数值模拟计算.研究结果表明,当微燃烧室体积为212 mm3时,活塞获得的压缩初动能应略大于临界压缩着火初动能值0.2 J,均质气体可以压缩燃烧,且活塞运行过程最为稳定;在相同压缩初动能条件下,活塞质量为1 g时,活塞动能增量最大,且微动力装置工作比较平稳;当微燃烧室体积为212 mm3,直径为4 mm时,微动力装置更容易启动,且输出功率最大.     

盾构隧道同步注浆浆液压力变化规律研究

基于浆液流体的连续方程和运动方程,建立了浆液刚进入盾尾空隙时的环向压力分布模型;并推导了在距离注浆孔较远距离处的浆液压力梯度与上浮力的关系式。结合实际工程监测数据验证了理论分析的合理性。分析结果表明:盾构机推进时,注浆点附近的浆液环向压力分布主要由注浆孔位置和注浆孔压力及浆液重度决定;停止推进时,浆液在固结效应下压力逐渐消散,竖直方向上压力梯度逐渐减小;随着远离注浆点,浆液的压力梯度逐步减小并趋于稳定,稳定时的压力梯度主要由上浮力的大小决定。     

微通道反应器微观混合效率的实验研究

采用碘化物 碘酸盐体系作为平行竞争反应体系,利用化学探针法对Y型和T型微通道反应器的微观混合性能进行了研究。实验探讨了反应物浓度、体积流量、体积流量比等条件对微通道反应器微观混合效率的影响。结果表明,不同结构的微通道反应器有不同的H⁺浓度范围,Y型微通道为0.02～0.06mol/L;T型微通道为0.06～0.08mol/L。此外,反应物浓度的减小（尤其是关键组分H⁺浓度的减小）,体积流量的增大及体积流量比的减小均有利于微观混合效率的改善;小流量下,T型微通道的微观混合效率明显优于Y型,但当体积流量增大到一定值时,两种微通道反应器的微观混合性能基本相当。     

CL-20/Estane微球制备及其表征

利用溶液悬浮法和微凝胶分散性好的特点,以Estane作为粘结剂,CL-20为主体炸药,制备了CL-20/Estane复合炸药,并对其进行SEM、XRD、DSC以及撞击感度性能测试。结果表明Estane可以成功包覆在CL-20表面,所得颗粒为类球形小微球,粒径在50mm 左右。包覆后晶型仍为ε型,包覆后样品与细化的CL-20相比热爆炸临界温度提升了1.52℃,活化能提高了7.19 kJ.mol_-1,并且其撞击感度明显降低,特征落高(H₅₀)由细化CL-20的20.79cm增加到30.64cm,H₅₀数值提高了47%。     

超声微铣削加工毛刺成形特性研究

为减少微细切削加工过程中产生的微型毛刺对微型零件成形加工质量的影响,利用双直槽结构矩形六面体超声变幅器对工件施加水平辅助超声振动,在304奥氏体不锈钢板表面进行微沟槽结构超声微铣削成形加工试验,研究不同超声微铣削参数条件下铣削顶部毛刺的成形特性.试验结果表明,工件的水平超声振动使得不锈钢微沟槽顶部毛刺形态由长条形的絮状结构变为连续的片状结构;且随着超声振幅的增大,片状毛刺的高度逐渐减小,呈微细碎片化趋势.工件的水平超声振动还有利于减小微铣削沟槽顶部毛刺的长度,且当每齿进给量略大于刀具最小切削厚度时,毛刺长度的减小最为明显.      

温敏性大孔聚(丙烯酰胺-co-N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)微球在固定化果胶酶中的应用

采用在反相悬浮聚合中加入致孔剂的方法制备温敏性大孔PAM-co-PNIPAM微球,并以该微球为载体固定化果胶酶,探讨了温度、pH值、时间、加酶量、戊二醛浓度、交联温度、交联时间对果胶酶固定化效果的影响,同时对固定化果胶酶的酶学特性进行研究.结果表明:该微球具有很好的比表面积和温度敏感性;当固定化果胶酶的载酶量高达322.6mg/g时,载体本身仍能保持较好的稳定性.固定化果胶酶在pH为3.0～4.5,温度为50～60℃的范围内仍能保持较高的酶催化活性.在存储30d后固定化酶的活性仍能保持为原来的80%左右,而且具有较高的操作稳定性,在连续使用20次后,仍有68%以上的活性.     

微纤包覆活性炭复合材料的制备

本文以竹纤维、直径为2.5微米的陶瓷微纤维、粒径为106～150微米的活性炭颗粒为原材料并按1：3：8的质量比与适量水混合,高速搅拌作用下形成混合均匀的浆液,采用湿法造纸工艺制成“纸张”式前驱体,将该前驱体在105℃下干燥24小时,再在N2保护下,分别在500℃和1000℃下各烧结30和20分钟,形成微纤包覆活性炭的复合材料。采用SEM和ASAP 2020静吸附仪分别对材料微观结构和吸附等温线进行表征。结果表明陶瓷纤维之间的结合处很好地被烧结在一起,形成一个三维网状结构,活性炭颗粒被很好地包覆其中;通过BET、BJH、H-K 方程解析吸附等温线,材料BET比表面积为428.038m2/g,总孔容为0.217m3/g,微孔孔容为0.093 m3/g,占总孔容的43.1%,中孔占40.9%,大孔占16.0%。与原有活性炭做比较,可发现比表面积基本相当,各孔容均略有下降。     

双附加气室空气弹簧动力学模型及其特性研究

设计了一款串联双附加气室约束膜式空气弹簧作为机载计算设备的隔振元件.利用气体的连续方程、状态方程、能量方程及弹簧的受力状态等建立弹簧的动力学模型,分析了空气弹簧的非线性特性、两节流孔半径变化及两附加气室体积变化对阻尼比的影响和空气弹簧的隔振效果.结果表明:空气弹簧具有周期非线性的特点;在各气室初始体积不变的情况下阻尼比的极大值首先与节流孔Ⅰ有关,在节流孔Ⅰ的半径足够大时,才与节流孔Ⅱ有关;在保持附加气室总体积不变的条件下,随着附加气室A与附加气室B体积比的增加,阻尼比减小;无论附加气室容积比如何变化,产生最大阻尼的节流孔Ⅱ的半径不变.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that