银杏叶治疗胶质母细胞瘤机制研究（英文）

胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是人类中枢神经系统肿瘤中发病率高、侵袭性强的恶性肿瘤.胶质母细胞瘤发生和发展的原因尚不清楚.银杏叶（GF）提取物可以减少裸鼠U-87胶质瘤细胞系的生长,然而,作用机制不清楚.在本研究中,网络药理学、分子对接和细胞实验被用来阐释银杏叶治疗胶质母细胞瘤的潜在的分子作用机制.从TCMSP数据库中获得银杏叶的有效成分和作用靶点,STRING数据库用于蛋白质相互作用分析,Cytoscape软件构建“成分-靶点”网络和PPI网络.R语言分析用来GO富集分析和KEGG通路分析.另外,Auto Dock Vina软件进行活性成分与核心靶点的分子对接验证.最后,通过细胞实验验证GF中的有效化合物对胶质母细胞瘤的抑制作用.结果表明,银杏叶有27个潜在有效成分和112个潜在靶点.从6个数据库中筛选出7 435个胶质母细胞瘤作用靶点.银杏叶与胶质母细胞瘤交集靶点98个.银杏叶共有18种核心有效成分,如槲皮素、山柰酚、木犀草素等以及10个相对应核心靶点ESR1、RELA、FOS、CCD1、EGFR、AR、HIF1A、MAPK8、NCOA1和MDM2.富集分析结果表明,银杏叶治疗胶质母细胞瘤...     

小分子药物ACT001抑制人脑胶质母细胞瘤U118MG细胞系迁移作用机制的研究

脑胶质母细胞瘤(Glioblastoma,GBM)是脑肿瘤中最具致命性的高等级脑胶质瘤,目前尚无有效治愈药物.ACT001属于倍半萜内酯化合物,目前已进入Ⅰ期临床试验阶段,对脑胶质母细胞瘤有着很好的疗效,然而作用机制并不明确.本研究探究了ACT001作用脑胶质母细胞瘤的机制,发现ACT001可显著降低人脑胶质母细胞瘤U118MG的迁移能力,并下调STAT3通路相关蛋白的表达,且沉默STAT3蛋白后,U118MG迁移能力以及相关迁移蛋白的表达水平也同样受到影响.结果表明,ACT001可通过下调STAT3蛋白进而影响其下游Twist1和ZEB1迁移相关蛋白的表达水平,最终对U118MG细胞的迁移产生抑制作用.     

遗传学特征标记有助于优化对神经胶质母细胞瘤的治疗

多形性神经胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是成人最常见的脑瘤形式,占所有脑瘤的半数以上。该病的预后通常很差,生存期以月计而非年计。因此,脑瘤可能是所有肿瘤中最可怕的。正因为如此,许多最新的研究都集中在理解GBM的分子机理上。2010年1月发表的一篇突破性论文明确地将GBM分成4个亚型,每种亚型都具有不同的分子特征。该论文来自     

髓母细胞瘤中P53、bcl-2及Ki-67的表达及其意义

用免疫组化S P法检测 2 5例髓母细胞瘤中Ki 6 7、P53 及bcl 2基因的表达。结果表明 ,在 2 5例髓母细胞瘤中 ,bcl 2和P53 蛋白的阳性表达率分别为 72 % (18/ 2 5 )和 16 % (4/ 2 5 )。Ki 6 7阳性率平均为 (33.34± 4 .98) % ,其表达与组织学分型有关。说明在髓母细胞瘤中bcl 2蛋白与P53 蛋白可能参与调控细胞的凋亡     

Cu-(B4C)p metal matrix composites processed by accumulative roll-bonding

In this study, Cu/B4C metal matrix composites were prepared by accumulative roll-bonding (ARB). The microstructure of the processed samples was characterized by TEM, SEM and optical microscopy. The microhardness, uniaxial tensile and four-point probe tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties and electrical resistivity of the ARBed monolithic and composite samples. The results showed that the reinforcement distribution was improved by increasing ARB cycles, which was quantitatively confirmed by some models. Based on TEM observations, the formation of an ultrafine grained structure in the composite matrix was also approved. It was shown that with increasing ARB cycles, the microhardness and tensile strength of the monolithic Cu samples were enhanced up to the 3rd cycle and then saturated, but the microhardness and tensile strength of the composites showed an increasing trend to the last cycle. Apart from a substantial improvement in the mechanical properties of the Cu/B4C composites, a minor decrement in electrical conductivity was detected after six ARB cycles.     

Special variation of infiltration-growth processed bulk YBCO fabricated using new liquid source: Ba3Cu5O8 (1:1.3) and YbBa2Cu3Oy

Utilization of novel materials, particularly high-Tc (critical temperature) superconductors, is essential to pursue the United Nations' Sustainable Goals, as well as to meet the increasing worldwide demand for clean and carbon-free electric power technologies. Superconduct-ing magnets are beneficial in several real-life applications including transportation, energy production, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and drug delivery systems. To achieve high performance, one must develop uniform, large-grain, infiltration-growth (IG) processed bulk YBa2Cu3Oy (Y-123) super-magnets. In this study, we report the magnetic and microstructural properties of a large-grain, top-seeded, IG-pro-cessed Y-123 pellet, which is 20 mm in diameter and 6 mm in height; the pellet is produced utilizing liquid Yb-123+Ba3Cu5O8 as the liquid source. All the samples cut from the top of the bulk exhibit a sharp superconducting transition (approximately 1 K wide) with the onset Tc of approximately 90 K. However, in the samples cut from the bottom surface, the onset Tc values slightly decreased to between 88 and 90 K, al-though still exhibiting a sharp superconducting transition. The top and bottom samples exhibited the highest remnant value of Jc (critical cur-rent density) at 77 K H//c-axis of 50 and 55 kA/cm2, respectively. The remnant Jc and irreversibility field values significantly fluctuated, being fairly low in some bottom samples. Scanning electron microscopy identified nanometer size Y-211 (Y2BaCuO5) secondary-phase particles dis-persed in the Y-123 matrix. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy clarified that the decreased both Tc and Jc for the bottom samples were attributed to liquid phase dispersion within the Y-123 phase.     

Microstructure and oxidation behavior of carbon fiber reinforced SiC composite (Cf/SiC) with Mo–57Si–10B oxidation protection coating

Mo–57Si–10B (at.%) coating was prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique on a 2D woven C_f/SiC composite, and the oxidation behavior of the bare and the coated C_f/SiC samples at 1300 ?°C were investigated. The coating was composed of a fine MoSi₂/MoB/SiO₂/Mo₂B₅ out layer and the inner SiO₂ interface layer. The mass gain percentage was approximately 0.25% after oxidation at 1300 ?°C for 100 ?h. The coated C_f/SiC substrate was effectively protected, owing to the rapid formation of the dense and protective borosilicate layer on the coating, the excellent microstructure stability of the coating and the inner SiO₂ interface layer.     

Alloying and dealloying of CuPt bimetallic nanocrystals

Bimetallic CuPt nanocrystals with size ranging from 3 to 30 nm were synthesized in the presence of either hexadecylamine or poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as a capping agent.Different growth stages of CuPt nanoparticles prepared with hexadecylamine have been investigated and a non-classic mechanism governing the formation of the metal alloy was revealed.It was found that the precursor molecules aggregate into amorphous spheres at a very early stage,followed by surface multiple nucleation,formation and combination of crystalline islands to produce a core-shell structure with surface-to-core extension of the crystallization to achieve single crystals.CuPt nanocrystals synthesized with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) grew via the classic route.Dealloying treatment was applied on these CuPt nanoalloys to selectively remove Cu.Large particles(30 nm) with Cu-rich cores exhibited hollow structures after dealloying while 3 nm particles remained solid,demonstrating that particle size and composition have a great influence on the final morphology of dealloyed particles.     

Nanoscale electron tomography and atomic scale high-resolution electron microscopy of nanoparticles and nanoclusters: A short survey

The outstanding merits of scanning transmission electron tomography as a technique for the investigation of the internal structure and morphology of nanoparticle and nanocluster materials are summarized with the aid of numerous typical illustrations.Reference is made also to the significant advances that have arisen in probing ultrastructural characteristics of nanoscale solids using aberrationcorrected(AC) electron microscopy(EM).Information of a unique kind may be retrieved by combining the imaging and analytical power of ACEM.     

Growth mechanisms of Ag and Cu nanodendrites via Galvanic replacement reactions

Dendritic silver and copper crystals were produced via Galvanic replacement reactions on zinc and aluminum plates, respectively. The growth orientations of these metals were determined using electron microscopy. The results showed that a fast crystal growth associated with a high concentration of metal cations led to kinetically controlled growth along the <112> axes of the cubic close-packed structures. However, a slow growth rate resulted in thermodynamically controlled growth along the ...     

Densification behavior of mechanically milled Cu–8 at% Cr alloy and its mechanical and electrical properties

Synthesis and consolidation behavior of Cu–8 at%Cr alloy powders made by mechanical alloying with elemental Cu and Cr powders,and subsequently,compressive and electrical properties of the consolidated alloys were studied.Solid solubility of Cr in Cu during milling,and subsequent phase transformations during sintering and heat treatment of sintered components were analyzed using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The milled powders were compacted applying three different pressures(200 MPa,400 MPa and 600 MPa)and sintered in H2atmosphere at 900 1C for 30 min and at 1000 1C for 1 h and 2 h.The maximum densification(92.8%)was achieved for the sample compacted at 600 MPa and sintered for 1000 1C for 2 h.Hardness and densification behavior further increased for the compacts sintered at 900 1C for 30 min after rolling and annealing process.TEM investigation of the sintered compacts revealed the bimodal distribution of Cu grains with nano-sized Cr and Cr2O3precipitation along the grain boundary as well as in grain interior.Pinning of grain boundaries by the precipitates stabilized the fine grain structure in bimodal distribution.     

减压渣油的胶体结构及其形成

应用冷冻断裂复形透射电子显微镜法研究了三种典型国产减压渣油的物理结构。结果表明，减压渣油是溶胶态胶体分散体系，正庚烷沥青质和胶质重组分构成分散相胶团。胶质以两种状态存在：胶质重组分缔合形成分散相胶团，其余的胶质组分与油分（芳香分＋饱和分）一起构成分散介质。分析了三种减压渣油及其组分的红外光谱、化学组成与结构参数，考察了渣油胶体结构的形成机制。研究发现，高电负性杂原子和芳香性是形成胶团的充分必要条件，氢键是形成胶团的重要分子相互作用方式。胶团的多少和聚集状态取决于正庚烷沥青质和胶质重组分的多少，以及它们的高电负性杂原子含量和芳香性的高低。     

Influence of beam current on microstructure of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The defect microstructure of the samples manufactured from Ti-6Al-4V powder was studied using electron beam melting (EBM) in the beam current range of 17 - 13 mA. The hybrid digital complex combined positron lifetime spectroscopy and coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy was used to characterize the defect structure of the materials. The microstructure and defects were also analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. It has been established that the main type of the defects in the EBM manufactured samples is dislocations. According to the conducted measurements and calculations, the dislocation density in the EBM manufactured samples exceeds by two orders the similar value for the cast Ti-6Al-4Valloy. Formation of Ti-Ti-Al nanoscale clusters has been found in the EBM manufactured samples.