挤压态Mg-13Li-1Al-1Ca-4Y合金的微观组织及力学性能

制备并研究了Mg-13Li-1Al-1Ca-4Y合金铸造态及热挤压态的组织和挤压态合金的力学性能.光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及EDS能谱对合金相组成进行分析,结果表明,铸造态Mg-13Li-1Al-1Ca-4Y合金由β-Li基体以及聚集在晶粒内部及境界上的块状和针状Al2Y3化合物组成,基体平均晶粒尺寸约为60～70μm,Ca元素偏聚在晶界上,以Mg2Ca化合物形式存在.在300℃真空环境下对铸造态试样保温10 h后,在250℃对试样进行热挤压成型.挤压态显微组织显示,大量破碎化合物沿挤压方向呈带状分布.热挤压后合金室温延伸率可达46%.     

Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金力学性能与组织演变

为了提高合金的力学性能,通过微合金化的方法设计了一种新型超轻Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金,通过熔铸、均匀化、多向锻造和异步轧制工艺获得了细晶镁合金板材。采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等表征手段研究了合金微观组织的演变,利用拉伸试验机测试了合金变形前后的室温拉伸性能,研究了不同状态下合金的力学性能,讨论了合金力学性能与微观组织转变的影响因素。结果表明,在铸态Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金中存在着α-Mg基体和Mg₂Sn、AlLi、Al₂Y和Al₂Er等第二相颗粒,多向锻造和异步轧制组合工艺有效地细化了Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金的晶粒,使合金的平均晶粒尺寸减小到7.15 μm,室温下的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别提高至255 MPa、220 MPa 和24.9%。     

Cu含量对AZ61镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼技术制备出不同Cu含量的AZ61镁合金,采用光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)等方法研究了Cu元素对合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:Cu元素以三元AlCuMg相存在于合金中,主要分布在晶界处及枝晶间;添加Cu元素后能够细化合金铸态组织,并使β-Mg17Al12相数量减少、尺寸变细;随着Cu含量增加,挤压态合金强度先上升后下降,而延伸率只有当Cu含量达到1%时才开始显著下降。其中AZ61-1Cu具有最佳的综合力学性能,屈服强度、抗拉强度和延伸率分别为230 MPa、321 MPa和9.7%;当Cu含量为1.5%时,粗大的AlCuMg相割裂了合金基体,使合金力学性能下降。     

Al含量对镁锂合金α-Mg相晶格常数及微观应变的影响

采用X射线衍射方法测算Ng-5Li-xAl合金α-Mg相晶格常数及微观应变,研究不同含量的Al元素对镁锂合金中α-Mg相晶格常数及微观应变的影响．结果表明,铸态blg-5Li-xAl合金主要是由α-Mg基体和AlLi相组成;随着Al含量增加,α-Mg相的衍射峰向高角度偏移,晶格常数下降,合金的微观应变增加,其原因是固溶进入α-Mg相基体中的A1原子和析出的A1Li相共同作用所致;铸态Mg-5Li-xAl合金的硬度随着Al含量增加而增大,Al添加量在3％～5％时合金硬度的增长率要高于Al添加量在0—3％时硬度的增长率．     

Sr对Mg-5Al-0．8Ca-0．2La镁合金显微组织及高温性能的影响

研究了Sr对Mg-5Al-0.8Ca-0.2La镁合金显微组织与室温和高温力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,Sr的加入显著细化了基体合金的显微组织,抑制了β-Mg17Al12相的析出;并且在晶界上析出了Mg-Al-Sr,Al2Ca和Al11La3耐热相,提高了晶界的高温稳定性.Sr的加入虽然导致合金的室温抗拉强度和延伸率下降,但提高了合金高温抗拉强度,也略提高了室温和高温屈服强度.     

Mg-6Gd-(2-4)Y-1Zn变形镁合金的组织与性能

制备了3种不同成分的Mg-Gd-Y-Zn四元合金,并对其显微组织和力学性能进行了系统的研究.结果显示,Mg-6Gd-2Y-1Zn和Mg-6Gd-3Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg,(Mg,Zn)3Gd和18R-LPSO结构的Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.而Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金的铸态组织则主要由α-Mg,Mg24(YGdZn)5和Mg12Y1Zn1相组成.合金退火后,3种合金的退火组织均由α-Mg,Mg12Y1Zn1和14H-LPSO相组成.热挤压过程中Mg12Y1Zn1相被拉长,呈长条状沿挤压方向排列,而14H-LPSO相则分布于条状分布的Mg12Y1Zn1之间.挤压态合金经固溶和225℃时效(T6)处理后,显微组织中呈现14H-LPSO结构和β’沉淀相共存.对挤压后的合金直接进行时效处理(T5)过程中也发生了β’沉淀相,但14H-LPSO相体积分数少于T6态.3种合金中Mg-6Gd-4Y-1Zn合金在T6态的性能最好.     

稀土元素Y对变形镁合金ZK60的组织和性能的影响

通过对Mg-6.0Zn-1.2Y、Mg-6.0Zn-0.6Zr-1.0Y变形镁合金挤压态及经过各种热处理的试样的显微纽织分析及力学性能研究,探讨了微量稀土元素Y在ZK60合金中的存在形式和作用机理对该合金组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,稀土元素Y能使变形镁合金ZK60晶粒明显得到细化,晶界也变细;当添加的稀土Y含量为1.0%wt时,大量的Y和Zn在晶界富集,Y-Zn相颗粒变大,导致其强度下降,而延伸率增加.     

挤压温度对Mg-3Zn-2.5Al-2.5Ca合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用金相分析、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析和拉伸测试等方法研究了不同挤压温度对Mg-3Zn-2.5Al-2.5Ca(ZAC333)合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,铸态组织的平均晶粒尺寸为185μm;随着挤压温度从623K降低到523K,由于发生了明显的动态再结晶,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从6.32μm减小到3.36μm.ZAC333铸态合金中沿着晶界分布的半连续Al_2Ca和连续Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3第2相在热挤压过程中也发生了明显的破碎而沿着挤压方向分布.与铸态合金的力学性能相比,挤压态ZAC333合金的力学性能有明显的提高.挤压态合金的抗拉和屈服强度分别从176 MPa和284 MPa提高到292 MPa和334 MPa,而延伸率从18%降低到9%.ZAC333合金性能的改善主要归功于热挤压过程中的动态再结晶细晶强化和第2相粒子破碎而产生细化弥散强化的共同作用.     

挤压变形对Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金组织与性能的影响

通过真空感应熔炼铸造法制备Mg-2.5Zn-0.5Ca合金,并对该合金铸态和挤压态试样分别进行显微组织、力学性能及断口形貌的对比分析.结果表明:经挤压变形后该合金发生动态再结晶,晶粒及Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相得到显著细化.挤压后屈服强度达222MPa,增大幅度高达204%,抗拉强度提高到291MPa.延伸率从铸态的11.5%上升至26%,经挤压变形后合金的断裂机制发生由脆性向韧性的转变,Ca2Mg6Zn3沉淀相为该合金的主要强化相.     

Mg-(6～8)A1-0.7Si合金的组织和力学性能分析

通过金相观察、扫描电镜、X衍射分析和拉伸实验等方法,研究了Mg-(6~8)A1-0.7Si合金的铸态组织和力学性能.研究结果表明:添加了少量Sb和RE的Mg-(6~8)%A1-0.7%Si的铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体、Mg17A l12相、Mg2Si相、Mg3Sb2相和少量针状A l4Si2Mn2Y相组成,并且随着A l含量的增加,试验合金组织中的Mg17A l12相增多,共晶析出物变得更加连续.同时,力学性能的测试结果表明:A l含量变化对于试验合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率的影响呈现出不同的变化规律.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that