专利情报

人成视网膜细胞瘤基因产物磷酸化的细胞周期依赖性调节人成视网膜细胞瘤基因(RBI)编译成105千道尔顿的蛋白质(Rb),后者可被磷酸化。Rb 代谢的分析表明,该蛋白质是稳定的,并且在细胞周期的各期均有合成。在G#—[0]和 G#—[1]期的细胞中新合成的 Rb 不是广泛磷酸化的(磷酸化不足),而在 G#—[1]/S 交界处和 S期在多部位上磷酸化。被各种化学物诱导末端分化的HL—60细胞,当生长受阻时,失去它们使新合成的 Rb 多重磷酸化的能力。这些发现提示,磷酸化不足的 Rb 可限制细胞增殖。(CN:1052607A)     

HeLa细胞中激酶NUAK1调控Tuberiun的磷酸化

NUAK1是LKB1的下游激酶之一,可被LKB1磷酸化而激活,但对其在LKB1相关信号通路中的功能仍缺乏了解.本研究发现在HeLa细胞中重建LKB1表达后NUAK1与tuberin蛋白免疫共沉淀,提示在野生型LKB1存在时NUAK1与tuberin可能存在直接相互作用.进一步的激酶活性测定和in vivo蛋白磷酸化实验表明:在HeLa细胞中葡萄糖匾乏条件下,野生型LKB1可显著激活NUAK1的激酶活性;而被激活的NUAK1可明显提高tuberin 的磷酸化水平,使用NUAK1 siRNA pool干扰NUAK1的表达则几乎将tuberin的磷酸化水平降低为零.上述结果表明NUAK1可能介导了LKB1对tuberin磷酸化的调节,进而下调mTOR通路,抑制蛋白质合成与细胞生长增殖.     

具有磷酸酶活性的重组PTEN蛋白可抑制癌细胞的迁移

PTEN是迄今为止发现的第一个具有双特异性磷酸酶活性的抑癌因子,可通过对粘着斑激酶的去磷酸化抑制细胞迁移.在前期研究工作中证实了在大肠杆菌中表达的重组PTEN 蛋白具有抑癌活性后,本研究进一步检测重组PTEN 蛋白的磷酸酶活性及其对粘着斑激酶FAK 磷酸化程度和细胞迁移的影响.对[D3-32P]PIP3体外去磷酸化的实验表明重组PTEN蛋白具有明显的脂质磷酸酶活性;将重组PTEN蛋白转染DU-145细胞后,细胞中FAK的磷酸化水平明显下降,表明重组PTEN蛋白具有蛋白磷酸酶活性.细胞迁移实验结果表明转染的重组PTEN蛋白可以抑制DU-145细胞的迁移作用,从而起到抑制肿瘤转移或浸润的作用.     

Ser10磷酸化的组蛋白H3和微管蛋白在小麦根尖细胞有丝分裂过程中的动态分布

利用间接免疫萎光标记技术研究Ser10磷酸化的组蛋白H3和微管蛋白在小麦根尖细胞中有丝分裂过程中的动态分布情况.结果显示在小麦根尖细胞有丝分裂过程中Ser10磷酸化的组蛋白H3的出现和消失与染色体的凝集和解凝集的过程存在时空上的相关性,在有丝分裂的过程中这种蛋白在着经线粒上的定位有有助于染色体向两极移动.研究结果还表明,在有丝分裂过程中,微管蛋白发生了重组,成束的垂直排列在赤道板的两侧,协助细胞有丝分裂过程的顺利完成.     

小凹蛋白-1和钙受体在人的脐静脉内皮细胞的表达

为探讨人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)中小凹蛋白-1与细胞外钙受体表达及定位,为进一步功能研究提供理论依据,采用Western-blot和Rt-PCR及免疫荧光技术检测HUVEC中小凹蛋白-1与细胞外钙受体mRNA和蛋白表达及定位.结果显示:(1)形态学观察和免疫细胞化学法测Ⅷ因子抗原,95%以上的细胞呈阳性着色,证实细胞为HUVEC.(2)RT-PCR检测到HUVEC中459bp和260bpmRNA表达,Western-blot测到HUVEC中22KD和150-160KD蛋白表达.(3)免疫荧光检测到小凹蛋白-1与细胞外钙受体定位于人脐静脉内皮细胞膜.由此可知,人的HUVEC中有小凹蛋白-1与细胞外钙受体表达,两者是否共定位及其功能有待进一步研究.     

不同裂解液对血管蛋白提取和磷酸化蛋白免疫印迹的影响

为寻找一种适合血管组织蛋白提取的裂解液配方以及用于磷酸化蛋白的免疫印迹分析,运用3种不同的细胞裂解液A,B和C,分别对经预处理的等量猪冠状动脉血管样品进行总蛋白的提取,BCA法测蛋白含量,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)对蛋白进行分离,免疫印迹法检测pERK,p-AKT,p-MLC和p-MYPT1 4种磷酸化蛋白表达以比较3种裂解液的裂解效果.结果表明,3种裂解液均可以满足一般免疫印迹分析的要求,其中C液提取的蛋白浓度最低,B液提取的蛋白含量最高,但不适于低含量的小分子磷酸化蛋白p-MLC的检测,A液用于免疫印迹检测大、中、小3种分子量的磷酸化蛋白效果最佳.即细胞裂解液A(50mmol·L-1 pH 7.4Tris-HCl,150mmol·L-1 NaCl,0.1%SDS,1%NP-40,1mmol·L-1 EDTA,1mmol·L-1 EGTA,临用前加入蛋白酶抑制剂和磷酸酶抑制剂)可作为提取血管组织总蛋白进一步用于Western检测的一种理想配方.     

BLAP75蛋白在细胞有丝分裂期中的磷酸化研究

BLAP75为分子量75kDa的一个维持基因组稳定性的重要蛋白,但是其在细胞有丝分裂期中的分子调控机制尚不清楚.运用Western印迹和细胞有丝分裂期细胞同步化技术,检测BLAP75蛋白在细胞有丝分裂期的变化,以及采用蛋白磷酸酶反应和基因定点突变技术来确定BLAP75蛋白的磷酸化位点.研究发现,当细胞处于有丝分裂期时,BLAP75蛋白会受到翻译后磷酸化修饰,位于BLAP75蛋白中部的第284位丝氨酸和第292位丝氨酸是其磷酸化位点.     

雄激素对小鼠睾丸支持细胞Akt和MEK/Erk磷酸化水平的影响

磷酸化信号通路在精子发生过程中有重要作用,本文研究小鼠睾丸支持细胞中雄激素诱导的蛋白磷酸化。研究中分离培养小鼠睾丸支持细胞,建立了稳定的培养体系。蛋白磷酸化抗体芯片结果显示,睾酮快速激活Akt及MEK/Erk的磷酸化,蛋白免疫印迹验证了芯片分析结果,且激酶磷酸化的激活是由AR介导。结果表明睾酮诱导小鼠睾丸支持细胞中Akt和MEK/Erk磷酸化。     

人参皂苷Rb1通过抑制NF-κB信号通路减轻了大鼠佐剂性关节炎

本研究旨在探讨人参皂苷Rb1对佐剂性关节炎(AIA)大鼠的保护作用及机制.AIA大鼠腹腔注射给药Rb1,连续给药14 d,观察大鼠足肿胀、关节病理及血清炎症细胞因子水平.并通过体外实验检测Rb1对LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌NO、TNF-α及IL-6水平的影响,进一步评估Rb1的抗炎作用.Western blot检测关节滑膜及RAW264.7细胞中NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达,阐明Rb1抗RA作用机制.结果显示,Rb1显著减轻AIA大鼠足肿胀和关节破坏,降低血清TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平并抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌NO、TNF-α及IL-6水平.Western blot显示Rb1下调关节滑膜p-IκBα及p-p65的表达,上调RAW264.7细胞IκBα的表达.以上结果提示,Rb1对AIA大鼠具有保护作用,与抑制关节滑膜中NF-κB信号通路的激活有关.     

CDK1磷酸化修饰对驱动蛋白Kif18A的ATP酶活性的影响

为了探究真核细胞中蛋白激酶CDK1的磷酸化修饰对驱动蛋白分子Kif18A的ATP酶活性的影响,利用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统,在体外表达并纯化Kif18A模拟磷酸化(EE)和非磷酸化(AA)的突变体蛋白(Kif18A-EE,Kif18A-AA).首先构建驱动蛋白Kif18A的杆状病毒表达载体质粒pFast-Bac-FLAG-Kif18A-AA或EE,将其转化到DH10Bac感受态细胞中,通过蓝白斑筛选得到阳性克隆.随后提取杆状病毒基因组,转染昆虫细胞SF9后得到能够表达FLAG-Kif18A突变体蛋白的杆状病毒.扩增病毒后,对病毒感染SF9细胞表达目的蛋白的条件进行优化,最终通过蛋白纯化得到有活性的Kif18A突变体蛋白,并在体外检测纯化蛋白的ATP酶活性.结果显示,Kif18A-EE蛋白的ATP酶活性低于Kif18A-AA蛋白.这一结果表明,CDK1的磷酸化修饰能够降低驱动蛋白Kif18A的ATP酶活性.     

The prolyl isomerase Pin1 is a regulator of p53 in genotoxic response

p53 is activated in response to various genotoxic stresses resulting in cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. It is well documented that DNA damage leads to phosphorylation and activation of p53 (refs 1-3), yet how p53 is activated is still not fully understood. Here we report that DNA damage specifically induces p53 phosphorylation on Ser/Thr-Pro motifs, which facilitates its interaction with Pin1, a member of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase. Furthermore, the interaction of Pin1 with p53 is dependent on the phosphorylation that is induced by DNA damage. Consequently, Pin1 stimulates the DNA-binding activity and transactivation function of p53. The Pin1-mediated p53 activation requires the WW domain, a phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motif interaction module, and the isomerase activity of Pin1. Moreover, Pin1-deficient cells are defective in p53 activation and timely accumulation of p53 protein, and exhibit an impaired checkpoint control in response to DNA damage. Together, these data suggest a mechanism for p53 regulation in cellular response to genotoxic stress.     

离心洗脱法在Rb蛋白与细胞分化关系研究中的应用

离心洗脱技术可分离到ＨＬ６０细胞周期中同步的Ｇ０／Ｇ１期细胞，被视黄酸诱导的Ｇ０／Ｇ１细胞可以进行一个正常的细胞周期，Ｒｂ蛋白磷酸化平随细胞周期而变化，但不能进入第二个细胞周期，细胞开始分化，Ｒｂ蛋白磷化水平的降低，是由于ＲＡ首先诱导细胞分化，使细胞生长停止，分化的细胞失去磷酸化蛋白能力的结果。     

The prolyl isomerase Pin1 restores the function of Alzheimer-associated phosphorylated tau protein.

One of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the neurofibrillary tangle, which contains paired helical filaments (PHFs) composed of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Tau is hyperphosphorylated in PHFs, and phosphorylation of tau abolishes its ability to bind microtubules and promote microtubule assembly. Restoring the function of phosphorylated tau might prevent or reverse PHF formation in Alzheimer's disease. Phosphorylation on a serine or threonine that precedes proline (pS/T-P) alters the rate of prolyl isomerization and creates a binding site for the WW domain of the prolyl isomerase Pin1. Pin1 specifically isomerizes pS/T-P bonds and regulates the function of mitotic phosphoproteins. Here we show that Pin1 binds to only one pT-P motif in tau and copurifies with PHFs, resulting in depletion of soluble Pin1 in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Pin1 can restore the ability of phosphorylated tau to bind microtubules and promote microtubule assembly in vitro. As depletion of Pin1 induces mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death, sequestration of Pin1 into PHFs may contribute to neuronal death. These findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.     

具有激活RB蛋白生物活性小肽的研究

构建了慢病毒载体表达MP1多肽的RFP融合蛋白(RFP-MP1),并研究了它对人肺腺癌细胞株H1299和人骨髓瘤细胞株U2-OS增殖的影响.U2-OS和H1299细胞中RFPMP1的表达导致了RB在蛋白水平上的积累,使细胞生长受到抑制.此外,细胞流式结果发现RFP-MP1使细胞周期阻滞在G1期.进一步研究表明RFP-MP1能够阻滞RB对E2F活性的抑制.这些结果表明,11肽的MP1能够上调肿瘤细胞中RB蛋白的表达水平并且抑制其生长.     

The prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates amyloid precursor protein processing and amyloid-beta production

Neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease are neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau and neuritic plaques comprising amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP), but their exact relationship remains elusive. Phosphorylation of tau and APP on certain serine or threonine residues preceding proline affects tangle formation and Abeta production in vitro. Phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs in peptides can exist in cis or trans conformations, the conversion of which is catalysed by the Pin1 prolyl isomerase. Pin1 has been proposed to regulate protein function by accelerating conformational changes, but such activity has never been visualized and the biological and pathological significance of Pin1 substrate conformations is unknown. Notably, Pin1 is downregulated and/or inhibited by oxidation in Alzheimer's disease neurons, Pin1 knockout causes tauopathy and neurodegeneration, and Pin1 promoter polymorphisms appear to associate with reduced Pin1 levels and increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, the role of Pin1 in APP processing and Abeta production is unknown. Here we show that Pin1 has profound effects on APP processing and Abeta production. We find that Pin1 binds to the phosphorylated Thr 668-Pro motif in APP and accelerates its isomerization by over 1,000-fold, regulating the APP intracellular domain between two conformations, as visualized by NMR. Whereas Pin1 overexpression reduces Abeta secretion from cell cultures, knockout of Pin1 increases its secretion. Pin1 knockout alone or in combination with overexpression of mutant APP in mice increases amyloidogenic APP processing and selectively elevates insoluble Abeta42 (a major toxic species) in brains in an age-dependent manner, with Abeta42 being prominently localized to multivesicular bodies of neurons, as shown in Alzheimer's disease before plaque pathology. Thus, Pin1-catalysed prolyl isomerization is a novel mechanism to regulate APP processing and Abeta production, and its deregulation may link both tangle and plaque pathologies. These findings provide new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.     

The Par complex directs asymmetric cell division by phosphorylating the cytoskeletal protein Lgl

To generate different cell types, some cells can segregate protein determinants into one of their two daughter cells during mitosis. In Drosophila neuroblasts, the Par protein complex localizes apically and directs localization of the cell fate determinants Prospero and Numb and the adaptor proteins Miranda and Pon to the basal cell cortex, to ensure their segregation into the basal daughter cell. The Par protein complex has a conserved function in establishing cell polarity but how it directs proteins to the opposite side is unknown. We show here that a principal function of this complex is to phosphorylate the cytoskeletal protein Lethal (2) giant larvae (Lgl; also known as L(2)gl). Phosphorylation by Drosophila atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), a member of the Par protein complex, releases Lgl from its association with membranes and the actin cytoskeleton. Genetic and biochemical experiments show that Lgl phosphorylation prevents the localization of cell fate determinants to the apical cell cortex. Lgl promotes cortical localization of Miranda, and we propose that phosphorylation of Lgl by aPKC at the apical neuroblast cortex restricts Lgl activity and Miranda localization to the opposite, basal side of the cell.     

Inhibitory effect of the adenovirus type 5 E1A protein expressed in the yeast system

The human adenovirus type 5 E1A, a tumor- suppressor gene[1], codes for two major related proteins of 243 amino acids (12S) and 289 amino acids (13S) by al-ternative splicing in two exons[2]. Studies have been shown that E1A can regulate expression of many genes and cell cycle[3]. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that E1A could induce tumor cells differentia-tion, convert tumor cells into an epithelial phenotype, in-hibit tumor cell growth and metastasis and strongly en-ha…