放电功率对微晶硅薄膜的晶化调控及光电性质的影响

以SiCl_4和H_2为源气体、采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术在不同放电功率下沉积微晶硅薄膜,通过调节放电功率实现了微晶硅薄膜的晶化调控和光电性质的优化,并利用Langmuir探针和质谱计分别对等离子体空间的电子特性和中性基团进行在线检测,初步探讨了成膜的微观机理.     

腔室长时间使用造成的工艺漂移对微晶硅薄膜性质的影响

考查了等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)高压制备微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜过程中,系统长时间使用造成的微晶硅薄膜特性的漂移情况。实验中,控制沉积条件,使薄膜的沉积速率达到约0.5nm/s;保证硅薄膜具有一定的晶化程度(40%～80%),由不同探测波长的Raman散射谱估算纵向结构变化。以腔室使用时间作为基准,考查不同硅烷浓度下制备的样品,发现在相同沉积条件下,材料的晶化率和光暗电导随腔室使用时间的增加而不断增大,沉积速率随之大幅提高。观察发现,在电极板和腔室壁上积累了大量硅反应残留物(硅粉末和硅薄膜),分析认为,薄膜特性漂移是这些硅残留物不断参与等离子体及成膜反应的结果。研究表明,提高硅烷浓度可有效校正微晶硅薄膜电学及结构特性的漂移,同时保持高速沉积。     

缓冲层结构微晶硅太阳能电池性能的研究

采用在籽晶层与I层之间插入缓冲层的方法制备了一组微晶硅太阳电池,其结构式:AI/N层/I层/缓冲层/籽晶层/P层/Sn O2:Zn O/玻璃基底.通过测试表明,具有缓冲层的微晶硅电池的开路电压、短路电流.填充因子和转换效率明显好于无缓冲层的微晶硅电池,当1.6%硅烷浓度沉积籽晶层、3%硅烷浓度沉积缓冲层、5%硅烷浓度沉积I层时,获得微晶硅电池转换效率比无缓冲层高3.18%.     

P型微晶硅及其在柔性衬底太阳电池中的应用

本文以B（CH3）3（TMB）为掺杂剂,通过射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积（RF-PECVD）技术,对P型微晶硅（c-Si：H）薄膜材料进行了研究.通过测试材料电学、光学及微结构特性等,研究了硅烷浓度与掺杂浓度对薄膜性能的影响.将上述材料分别应用于PEN/ZnO柔性衬底及SnO2玻璃衬底的非晶硅薄膜太阳电池中,PEN柔性衬底的非晶硅太阳电池得到了4.63%的光电转换效率,玻璃衬底非晶硅太阳电池得到了5.72%的光电转换效率.     

甚高频对微晶硅薄膜微观结构的影响

系统研究了射频和甚高频下沉积微晶硅薄膜时沉积参数对薄膜质量的影响,并优化了沉积参数．在相同的沉积条件下,甚高频沉积速度明显大于射频沉积速度,并且制备出的太阳能电池效率同样高于射频沉积．一般情况下,当沉积速率提高时,沉积薄膜中存在大量悬挂键和Si-2H键等缺陷,会大大降低材料的光电性能,同样也会降低太阳能电池的效率．在保证材料的光电性能的前提下提高沉积速度,沉积参数需要优化．在系列优化沉积参数后,微晶硅沉积速率达到0．75nm／s,在该沉积速率下,制备出的单结n—i—P结构的太阳能电池效率达到5．41％．     

微晶硅薄膜电池的发展现状及制备技术研究

微晶硅薄膜能够克服非晶硅与多晶硅不足,在光照条件下性能稳定,禁带宽度较低,具有良好的光电转化效率,因此微晶硅薄膜电池是一种非常具有发展前景的薄膜电池。该文综述了微晶硅薄膜电池的发展过程,总结了微晶硅薄膜的制备方法,并根据国内外研究成果,分析了提高微晶硅薄膜转化效率的技术发展方向。     

纳米硅薄膜太阳能电池的制备及特性研究

主要讲述了单晶体硅电池、多晶体硅电池、微晶硅电池及薄膜硅电池的性质及特点,同时介绍了硅太阳能电池的发展历程;讲述了纳米硅薄膜太阳能电池的等离子体增强化学气相沉积制备及沉积理论;论证了H稀释浓度对硅纳米薄膜太阳电池性能的影响;阐述了沉积气压和衬底温度对薄膜性能的影响;最后讲述了透明导电薄膜在薄膜太阳能电池中的应用情况及光学性质。     

读者之声

本期学术论文审稿意见二则本期第19-21页刊登的"腔室长时间使用造成的工艺漂移对微晶硅薄膜性质的影响"一文,考察了等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)高压制备微     

P型重掺杂硅薄膜及其在叠层电池隧道结中的应用

本文采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法沉积出不同掺杂浓度的硅薄膜.利用原子力显微镜(AFM),IR和Raman散射等手段对硅薄膜的微结构进行了研究.通过测试薄膜的暗电导和激活能,对硅薄膜的电学特性进行了分析.为提高隧道结的复合速率,在隧道结的N层、P层之间插入不同掺杂浓度的硅薄膜做复合层,并测试了隧道结的电流-电压特性和透光性.实验结果表明:随着掺杂气体比例R(B2H6/SiH4)的增加,硅薄膜逐渐由微晶硅转变为非晶硅,薄膜的微结构和电学特性随之改变.隧道结复合层的最佳掺杂气体比例R=0.04,在该条件下的薄膜是含有少量品粒的非晶硅.使用该复合层的隧道结具有阻抗小、接近欧姆接触、光吸收少等优点.     

非晶/微晶相变区硅基薄膜太阳能电池研究进展

综述了非晶/微晶相变区硅基薄膜的微观结构、光电特性及其在太阳能电池中的应用进展.稳定优质的宽带隙初始晶硅薄膜处于非晶/微晶相变区的非晶硅一侧,其相比于非晶硅具有更高的中程有序性和更低的光致衰退特性.低缺陷密度的窄带隙纳米晶硅薄膜处于非晶/微晶相变区的微晶硅一侧,有效钝化的纳米硅晶粒具有较高的载流子迁移率和较好的长波响应特性.基于上述相变区硅薄膜材料的叠层电池已经达到13.6%的稳定转换效率.掺锗制备的硅锗薄膜可进一步降低薄膜的带隙宽度,引入相变区硅锗合金薄膜后,三结叠层电池初始效率已经达到16.3%,四结叠层太阳能电池理论效率可以超过20%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-