MC1R天然拮抗剂的高通量初步筛选

为了寻找高效稳定的黑色素皮质激素受体1(melanocortin 1 receptor, MC1R)的拮抗剂,利用作者前期工作中建立的高通量筛选方法对 1 000种中草药提取物进行了筛选,并检测了这些提取物对小鼠B16-F1细胞系黑色素生成量的影响.结果表明,补骨脂等10种粗提物具有拮抗促黑激素（MSH）激活MC1R的作用.其中,补骨脂、破茎松萝、桑根和太白树粗提物能明显降低B16-F1细胞的产黑色素能力,但其机制有所不同,补骨脂主要作用于MSH对C1R的激活过程,而其余3种提取物基本上直接作用于cAMP通路.本实验为利用上述中草药调控皮肤细胞中的黑色素生成提供了初步线索.     

A new mechanism for induced vitamin D deficiency in calcium deprivation

Synthesis of vitamin D in the skin in response to ultraviolet light is the main determinant of vitamin D status in man and it is therefore surprising that rickets and osteomalacia, clinical signs of vitamin D deficiency, remain common in tropical and subtropical countries. Skin pigmentation can reduce vitamin D formation but this is a negligible limitation in people exposed to abundant ultraviolet light. Earlier studies in animals and man suggested that another environmental factor, the low calcium/high cereal diet typical of susceptible populations, might affect the efficiency of vitamin D utilization. We show here in rats that the rate of inactivation of vitamin D in the liver is increased by calcium deprivation. The effect is mediated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, produced in response to secondary hyperparathyroidism, which promotes hepatic conversion of vitamin D to polar inactivation products that are excreted in bile. This finding has widespread implications both for understanding the pathogenesis of endemic rickets and in that it provides a unifying mechanism for the development of vitamin D deficiency in many clinical disorders.     

紫外线对微囊藻毒素-RR降解动力学拟合

探讨了反应时间、初始pH值、紫外线(UV)辐射强度、温度及初始质量浓度等因素对UV去除微污染水体中微囊藻毒素RR(MC RR)效果的影响.研究表明:MC RR的降解率随反应时间的延长及UV辐照度的增大而提高;pH对其降解具有重要作用,中性和弱酸性环境有利于MC RR的降解,当pH值为5时,UV对MC RR的降解效果最佳,强酸性和强碱性环境对UV降解MC RR起抑制作用;UV对MC RR的降解率随温度的升高而提高,且呈线性关系;从降解动力学角度考察,符合二级动力学模型,速率常数随MC RR溶液初始质量浓度的降低而加快.在10 ℃、辐照度为153 μW·cm-2的中性(pH=7.00)环境中,UV辐射时间在160 min时可将初始质量浓度为251.778 3 μg·L-1的MC RR溶液降解至0.801 2 μg·L-1,UV对MC RR溶液的去除率可达99.68%.     

The impact of ultraviolet radiation on the vertical distribution of zooplankton of the genus Daphnia.

The vertical migration of zooplankton into lower and darker water strata by day is generally explained by the avoidance of visually orienting predators, mainly fish; however, it is unclear why daily zooplankton migration has been maintained in fishless areas. In addition to predation, ultraviolet radiation-a hazardous factor for zooplankton in the surface layers of marine and freshwater environments-has been suspected as a possible cause of daytime downward migration. Here we test this hypothesis by studying several Daphnia species, both in a controlled laboratory system and under natural sunlight in an outdoor system. We selected Daphnia species that differed in their pigmentation as both melanin and carotenoids have been shown to protect Daphnia from ultraviolet light. All Daphnia species escaped into significantly deeper water layers under ultraviolet radiation. The extent to which the daphnids responded to this radiation was inversely linked to their pigmentation, which reduced ultraviolet transmission. These results suggest that ultraviolet avoidance is an additional factor in explaining daytime downward migration. Synergistic benefits might have shaped the evolution of this complex behaviour.     

牦牛黑素皮质素受体-4基因的克隆与序列分析

对牦牛黑素皮质素受体-4（MC4R）基因进行了克隆和序列分析,以期为进一步开展牦牛MC4R基因与其肥胖性状的相关分析以及基因定位、表达调控等研究提供理论基础。首先采用特定引物对牦牛MC4R基因进行PCR扩增、克隆和测序,然后用B ioEd it7.0.0软件拼接MC4R基因全序列,用DNAMAN5.2.2软件对编码序列进行翻译,用DNAStar6.13比对后比较基因和氨基酸序列同源性。实验获得牦牛MC4R基因全长1343bp,其中编码序列全长999bp,共编码332个氨基酸残基的蛋白质。牦牛MC4R基因序列与普通牛、人、食蟹猴、猪、狗、大鼠、小鼠、鸡、斑马鱼、金鱼、东方鲀和河豚的同源性分别是99.5%、85.5%、84.9%、88.1%、86.7%、83.9%、83.8%、75.5%、61.2%、59.5%、65.3%和64.6%,由此推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别是99.1%、91.9%、91.9%、93.1%、92.2%、90.4%、89.8%、84.0%、66.7%、65.7%、67.2%和66.7%。本研究成功的克隆了牦牛的MC4R基因,表明其在物种间具有较高的保守性。     

The p66shc adaptor protein controls oxidative stress response and life span in mammals

Gene mutations in invertebrates have been identified that extend life span and enhance resistance to environmental stresses such as ultraviolet light or reactive oxygen species. In mammals, the mechanisms that regulate stress response are poorly understood and no genes are known to increase individual life span. Here we report that targeted mutation of the mouse p66shc gene induces stress resistance and prolongs life span. p66shc is a splice variant of p52shc/p46shc (ref. 2), a cytoplasmic signal transducer involved in the transmission of mitogenic signals from activated receptors to Ras. We show that: (1) p66shc is serine phosphorylated upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or irradiation with ultraviolet light; (2) ablation of p66shc enhances cellular resistance to apoptosis induced by H2O2 or ultraviolet light; (3) a serine-phosphorylation defective mutant of p66shc cannot restore the normal stress response in p66shc-/- cells; (4) the p53 and p21 stress response is impaired in p66shc-/- cells; (5) p66shc-/- mice have increased resistance to paraquat and a 30% increase in life span. We propose that p66shc is part of a signal transduction pathway that regulates stress apoptotic responses and life span in mammals.     

空穴阻挡层BCP对掺杂型有机发光二极管中磁电导效应的影响

通过在器件复合发光区附近插入空穴阻挡层BCP,制备了一种具有非平衡传输性能的荧光染料掺杂型发光二极管,其结构为ITO／CuPc／NPB／NPB：DCM（5wt％）／BCP／Alq3／LiF／Al,并在不同温度和电压下测量了器件的注入电流随外加磁场的变化（即磁电导效应）．实验结果表现为：当磁场处在0～40mT时,该非平衡发光器件的磁电导随磁场的增加而迅速增大（即表现为快变的正磁电导效应）．这一实验现象与具有相对平衡传输性能的发光器件中所观测到的磁电导效应一致;当磁场大于40mT时,非平衡发光器件的磁电导随磁场的进一步增加表现为缓慢下降（即缓变的负磁电导效应成分）,而平衡器件的磁电导则变为继续缓慢增加（即为缓变的正磁电导效应）．本文对非平衡传输掺杂型发光器件的体系特征进行了讨论,并基于三重态激子-电荷（T-Q）反应受外加磁场的影响对上述实验现象进行了定性解释．     

4H-SiC紫外光光电晶体管模拟与分析

根据光电晶体管的物理机理和SiC材料参数,建立了4H-SiC紫外光电晶体管的数值模型,利用Silvco软件对其I-V特性和光谱响应等特性进行了模拟与分析;通过研究4H-SiC紫外光电晶体管不同结构尺寸下的光谱响应特性,对其各区掺杂浓度与厚度等参数进行优化设计。结果表明,优化后的光电晶体管光谱响应范围为200～380 nm,峰值波长为270 nm,相应的响应度为300A/W,而对可见-红外光的响应度均小于2 A/W,具有较高的紫外光分辨率,可以实现在较强的红外及可见光背景下有效地进行紫外光探测。     

Raf functions downstream of Ras1 in the Sevenless signal transduction pathway.

Specification of the R7 cell fate in the developing Drosophila eye requires activation of the Sevenless (Sev) receptor tyrosine kinase, located on the surface of the R7 precursor cell, by its interaction with the Boss protein, expressed on the surface of the neighbouring R8 cell. Four genes that participate in the intracellular transmission of this signal have so far been identified and molecularly characterized: Ras1, Sos, Gap1 and sina (refs 4-8). The Drosophila homologue of the mammalian Raf-1 serine/threonine kinase, which has been implicated in signal transduction pathways activated by many receptor tyrosine kinases (reviewed in refs 9 and 10), is encoded by the raf locus (also known as l(1)polehole, Draf-1 or Draf). Here we show that the Drosophila Raf serine/threonine kinase also plays a crucial role in the R7 pathway: the response to Sev activity is dependent on raf function, and a constitutively activated Raf protein can induce R7 cell development in the absence of sev function. We also present genetic evidence suggesting that Raf acts downstream of Ras1 and upstream of Sina in this signal transduction cascade.     

新型二维碳材料net-Y光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究方法,对新型二维碳材料(单层net-Y)的光学性质进行了研究.基于反射、吸收、折射和介电函数等数据分析了单层net-Y的光学性质.计算结果表明:在E_x、E_y和E_z这3个方向极化下,单层net-Y的复介电函数、复折射函数、吸收系数等光学性质表现出显著的各向异性.光学性质研究表明:该材料在整体光区具有极不敏感的光反射性质,且在紫外光区具有高吸光系数以及在能量频率为10.0 eV处具有极低的消光系数.此外, 与其他波段的光相比,在E_y极化下单层net-Y对黄光有更强的光折射响应.     

中国汉族人群MC1R基因多态与皮肤颜色等表型特征关联研究

皮肤癌是一种比较常见的肿瘤,在西方人群中研究表明,通过影响皮肤颜色等色素表型特征,黑色素生成通路中相关基因多态性(MC1R等)可增加皮肤癌发生风险.本研究首次在中国汉族人群中选择MC1R基因编码区的多态位点为研究对象,分析其与中国汉族人群的皮肤颜色、对阳光的敏感性、雀斑情况及头发颜色的关联性.在MC1R基因编码区发现7个SNP位点:c.200G>A,c.274G>A,c.359T>C,c.421G>A,c.488G>A,c.497C>G和c.942A>G.其中c.421G>A为新发现的SNP位点,c.497C>G则首次在中国汉族人群中报道.c.942A>G与皮肤颜色相关,其突变纯合基因型GG与皮肤颜色浅显著相关(P=0.044,OR=0.16,95%CI:0.03～0.95).c.359T>C杂合基因型TC与雀斑数目多显著相关(P=0.040,OR=5.76,95%CI:1.05～31.53),表明MC1R基因多态与中国汉族人群的皮肤颜色等色素表型特征具有一定相关性,为相关临床研究提供了参考.     

拉布拉多犬与金毛猎犬毛色基因MC1R(R306ter)与TYRP1(Q331ter)SNP位点的检测

目的建立犬毛色基因MC1R R306ter(c.C916T)与TYRP1 Q331ter(c.C991T)SNP位点的检测方法。方法采用PCR/测序的方法,对19只拉布拉多犬和15只金毛猎犬的MC1R基因c.C916T SNP位点及TYRP1基因c.C991T SNP位点的多态性进行检测,根据MC1R和TYRP1的多态性对犬的毛色基因型进行分析。结果 PCR/测序法能够对TYRP1基因c.C991T SNP位点进行明确和有效的检测。但MC1R基因c.C916T SNP位点的测序结果出现了特殊峰,经克隆/测序法确认该特殊峰型为杂合性SNP位点。毛色基因型分析表明,金毛猎犬的毛色基因型皆为纯合的eeBB(15只),未见其他基因型。拉布拉多犬的毛色基因型分别为:黑色犬EeBB(6只)、EeBb(2只);黄色犬eeBB(9只)、eeBb(2只)。未发现其他如EEBB和EEBb(黑色)、eebb(黄色)的毛色基因型。另外,拉布拉多犬样本中没有巧克力色犬,也未检测出其相应的Eebb和EEbb基因型。结论本研究成功建立了犬毛色基因MC1R R306ter(c.C916T)与TYRP1 Q331ter(c.C991T)SNP位点的检测方法,为分析毛色基因型与导盲犬培训成功率之间的相关性提供了前期工作基础。     

中枢NMU抑制食欲作用受黑皮质激素受体途径部分介导

研究中枢神经介素U（NMU）受体2（NMU2R）与黑皮质激素（MC）受体途径（MCR3/4）在调节摄食行为和能量平衡方面的相互作用关系.对禁食或不禁食大鼠脑室注射NMU2R内源性配体NMU和MCR3/4信号途径高亲和力拮抗剂SHU9119,通过测定不同时间点大鼠摄食量和体重变化,探讨中枢NMU2R和黑皮质素受体途径在调节动物摄食行为上的作用及其相互关系.脑室注射NMU对大鼠食欲有显著抑制作用;在同时注射NMU和SHU9119的情况下,NMU2R对大鼠的这种食欲抑制作用会部分受到MCR3/4信号途径变化的影响;同样,对SHU9119前处理大鼠脑内注射NMU,NMU2R抑制食欲的作用也会明显降低,其在摄食方面的作用被部分抑制.结果提示,NMU能够有效的调节摄食行为,而且这种在摄食行为上的调控作用可能部分受MC受体途径介导.     

上三角算子矩阵值域的闭性

设A∈B(H),B∈B(K),定义MC=(A C0B),其中C∈B(K,H)。基于算子分块的技巧,讨论了当R(A),R(B)都是闭的时候,对每一C∈B(K,H),R(MC)是闭的充要条件。进而研究了:(ⅰ)当R(A)不闭,R(B)闭时,以及当R(A)闭,R(B)不闭时,对任意C∈B(K,H),R(MC)不闭的充要条件;(ⅱ)当R(A),R(B)同时不闭时,对任意C∈B(K,H),R(MC)不闭的充要条件。     

MgCl2·6H2O/MgSO4·7H2O复合相变体系的储热性能研究

水合盐相变储热材料普遍存在的过冷和相分离现象是影响其热稳定性和热储存性能的关键问题.以中低温水合盐相变储热材料MgCl2·6H2O(MCH)为主体材料,MgSO4·7H2O(MSH)为调节剂,采用熔融共混法制备MCH和MSH复合相变储热体系,研究了MSH对复合相变体系的相变焓、相变温度、过冷度及相分离现象的影响.结果表...     

7-芳亚甲基异长叶烷酮类化合物的合成及其 紫外吸收特征

以异长叶烷酮为原料,采用叔丁醇钾为催化剂,分别与对溴苯甲醛、对氟苯甲醛、间硝基苯甲醛、2,4-二氯苯甲醛等进行缩合反应,合成了系列7-芳亚甲基异长叶烷酮类化合物a—j。采用¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、GC-MS和FT-IR等分析手段对合成所得7-芳亚甲基异长叶烷酮类化合物的结构进行了鉴定,并探索了化合物a—j的紫外吸收特性与光稳定性。结果表明:化合物a、b、c、d、j对中波紫外线(UVB)具有良好的吸收性能; 而化合物e、f、g、h和i对长波紫外线(UVA)和UVB均具有较好的吸收性能。化合物a—j的光稳定顺序为h>g>e>c>a>d>b>f>i>j,其紫外线吸收强度顺序为d>i>e>h>g>f>b>c>j>a。     

一种新型皮革用金属络合染料的合成与其皮革染色性能

介绍了一种含金属染料的合成鞣剂,研究了其合成原理及方法,并对其应用条件及使用效果进行了探讨.结果表明,这种染料的光稳定性、渗透性以及染色鞣制后的皮板强度与传统染料相比均明显提高,染色性能良好.     

L—乳酸产生菌的诱变选育

米根霉 R87经紫外线和氯化锂复合诱变处理,获得一株高产、稳产 L-乳酸的变异株R87-91.其在10%初糖和发醇72小时,产酸达8.18%.     

Cellular response to titanium discs coated with polyelectrolyte multilayer films

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) coatings on the biological behavior of titanium (Ti) substrates. Collagen type Ι/hyaluronic acid (Col/HA) and chitosan/hyaluronic acid (Chi/HA) multilayer PEM coatings were introduced onto Ti substrates using layer-by-layer assembly. Contact angle instruments and quartz crystal microbalance were used for film characterization. The results obtained showed that both Col/HA and Chi/HA surfaces had high hydrophilicity and promoted cell adhesion in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast and human gingival fibroblast cells. In addition, the synthesis of function-related proteins and gene expression levels in both MC3T3-E1 and fibroblast cells was higher for the Col/HA coating compared with the Chi/HA coating, indicating better cellular response to the Col/HA coating.     

ZnO纳米管阵列/p-Si异质结构的低温控制合成及其光电性能

通过选择性腐蚀ZnO纳米棒,在p型Si衬底上低温合成了ZnO纳米管阵列,构成ZnO纳米管阵列/p-Si异质结构(n-ZnONT/p-Si).ZnO纳米管阵列光致发光谱显示,在378 nm处出现了很强的紫外发射峰,而在500 nm左右有一个较宽的绿色发光峰,表明ZnO纳米管具有较好的结晶性.电流-电压曲线显示,n-ZnONT/p-Si异质结构在光暗两种条件下都表现出了较好的整流特性.在紫外光照射下,反向偏压区电流出现了较大的变化,反映出n-ZnONT/p-Si异质结构有较强的紫外光响应,有望成为潜在的紫外光探测器件.