Rudimentary pigmentgenesis in the pineal organ of the chick embryo

Zusammenfassung In der Epiphyse des Hühnerembryos werden, zur gleichen Zeit wie im Pigmentepithel des Auges, zahlreiche unmelanisierte, dopa-positive Grana gebildet. In der Epiphyse bleibt die Pigmentbildung auf dieser Stufe stehen, während im Pigmentepithel des Auges eine Periode intensiver Pigmentierung folgt.

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This work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grant No. GM 11949.     

Absence of electrical activity of the pigeon's pineal organ in response to light

Zusammenfassung Im Gegensatz zur Epiphyse von Fischen, Amphibien und Reptilien erweist sich das Pinealorgan der Taube bei Untersuchung mit Einstichelektroden als nicht lichtempfindlich.     

Ultrastructure and biochemistry of the pineal organ in deep-sea lanternfishes (Myctophidae)

Summary Pineal structural and biochemical adaptations in lanternfishes included: 1) few photoreceptor outer segment discs; 2) conventional synapses between photoreceptors and pineal neurons; and 3) low levels (0–60 pg/pineal) of serotonin compared to those (>1.0 ng/pineal) in the goldfish pineal organ. These findings suggest reduced photosensory and/or neuroendocrine functions in these deep-sea fishes.     

Ultrastructure and biochemistry of the pineal organ in deep-sea lanternfishes (Myctophidae)

Pineal structural and biochemical adaptations in lanternfishes included: 1) few photoreceptor outer segment discs; 2) conventional synapses between photoreceptors and pineal neurons; and 3) low levels (0-60 pg/pineal) of serotonin compared to those (greater than 1.0 ng/pineal) in the goldfish pineal organ. These findings suggest reduced photosensory and/or neuroendocrine functions in these deep-sea fishes.     

Photosensitivity of the pineal organ in the teleost,Salmo irideus (Gibbons)

Zusammenfassung Mikroelektrodenableitung der freigelegten Epiphyse der Regenbogenforelle,Salmo irideus (Gibbons), zeigt eine spontane Impulsaktivität, die bei Belichtung des Organs gehemmt wird und auch nach Entfernung der lateralen Augen bestehen bleibt. Nach Helladaptation des Pinealorgans an ein starkes Licht ist während des nachfolgenden Dunkelaufenthalts eine Empfindlichkeitszunahme um das 10⁵-fache festzustellen. Die Spektralsensitivität der Hemmung ähnelt der Absorptionskurve eines Photopigments mit Maximum bei 505 mµ.     

Synapses of the ribbon type in the pineal organ ofLacerta vivipara (reptiles,lacertilians)

Résumé Un appareil photorécepteur et neuroconducteur est hautement différencié mais quantitativement peu développé dans l'organe pinéal deLacerta vivipara adulte. L'existence de rubans synaptiques typiques, à la jonction des photorécepteurs et des cellules ganglionnaires est démontrée.

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Acknowledgment: our thanks are due to MrsS. Vernerey for her excellent technical assistance.     

A biphasic effect of estradiol on serotonin metabolism in rat pineal organ cultures

Summary Physiological amounts of estradiol (1 nM) significantly increased serotonin, conversion to melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol by rat pineal glands in organ culture whereas larger, pharmacological, doses (i.e. 1000 nM) impaired it significantly. The stimulatory but not the inhibitory effect of estradiol was blocked by the simultaneous addition of puromycin in the culture medium.This study was supported by grant No. 6638 from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.     

Nuclear chimaeras in the newt

Zusammenfassung Gruppen von 2–4 somatischen Kernen haploiderTriturus-Embryonen wurden in diploide, ungefurchte Eier injiziert, 11 haplo-diploide Mosaik-Larven entwickelten sich bis zum frühen Neurula-Stadium. Nachkommen von Kernen aus dem neuralen Ektoderm oder Chorda-Mesoderm von Spendern im Neurula-Stadium fanden sich in allen drei Keimblättern der Wirtslarve.     

The regeneration of newt limbs deformed in nature

Summary The regeneration of abnormal limbs from a wild newt population was examined. The abnormalities were: mirror symmetrical reduplications of digit parts, deformed wrists, or limbs with supernumerary digits. Normal regeneration resulted after amputation of the abnormal parts, regardless of the original deformity. The results suggest that the abnormalities are probably the result of local trauma to the limbs.     

The regeneration of newt limbs deformed in nature

The regeneration of abnormal limbs from a wild newt population was examined. The abnormalities were: mirror symmetrical reduplications of digit parts, deformed wrists, or limbs with supernumerary digits. Normal regeneration resulted after amputation of the abnormal parts, regardless of the original deformity. The results suggest that the abnormalities are probably the result of local trauma to the limbs.     

The osmiophilic granules of the pineal body in rats

Riassunto Sezioni di pineale di ratto impubere e adulto sono state esaminate al microscopio a contrasto di fase ed al microscopio ottico dopo colorazione secondo la tecnica diJones. Gli autori confermano l'esistenza di una attività secretoria che aumenta con l'età e prospettano la possibilità che nel secreto siano contenute serotonina e melatonina.     

Electron diffraction of the metallic elements in the pineal organ of a freshwater fish, Mystus vittatus (Bloch.)

By electron diffraction pattern the presence of metallic elements, particularly chromium-nickel, chromium phosphide, copper, aluminum-copper and zinc has been shown in the pineal organ of a freshwater teleost, M. vittatus. It is likely that their occurrence within the pineal is due to binding with the neurosecretory material fractions/ligands.     

Electron diffraction of the metallic elements in the pineal organ of a freshwater fish,Mystus vittatus (Bloch.)

Summary By electron diffraction pattern the presence of metallic elements, particularly chromium-nickel, chromium phosphide, copper, aluminum-copper and zinc has been shown in the pineal organ of a freshwater teleost,M. vittatus. It is likely that their occurrence within the pineal is due to binding with the neurosecretory material fractions/ligands.The technical assistance of O.N. Srivastava and financial assistance of CSIR, India, are gratefully acknowledged.     

The effect of castration, testosterone and estradiol on 14C-serotonin metabolism by organ cultures of male rat pineal glands

The pineal gland of the male rat does not appear to rely on prior conversion of testosterone to estradiol for the stimulant effect of testosterone on pineal melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol synthesis.     

The effect of castration,testosterone and estradiol on14C-serotonin metabolism by organ cultures of male rat pineal glands

Summary The pineal gland of the male rat does not appear to rely on prior conversion of testosterone to estradiol for the stimulant effect of testosterone on pineal melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol synthesis.     

Nuclear uptake of methionine-S35 in the newt embryo

Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Aufnahme von in DL-methionin enthaltenem S³⁵ durch die Zellkerne des Mesoderms und der Neuralplatte des Amphibien-Embryos beschrieben. Es wird auf die Ähnlichkeit hingewiesen, die mit der Aufnahme von in Glykokoll enthaltenem C¹⁴ besteht.