基于分层思想的变量类型提取方法

提出了一种基于分层思想的，并且无需构造具体语法树的变量类型提取方法。目的是为高级语言的类型信息的提取提供一般方法，从而降低类型系统实现的难度以及产生程序错误的可能性，并且简化高级语言的中间表示，便于后端的代码生成和优化。     

类型系统的构造、实现及其在程序设计语言中的应用

类型系统是一种设计和研究程序设计语言的形式化方法和工具，既可在语言设计之初构造，便于严格、准确、正确地设计实现语言；也可在语言实现后构造，为研究语言的语义及其它性质建立模型。详细讨论了类型系统的基本构造和实现，通过基于图重写的函数式语言SClean的类型系统，提出一种实用的类型系统的构造和实现方法。     

不同水平英语学习者科技论文摘要名词化对比研究

名词化结构既是扩展语言意义潜势的一种主要资源，也是语言使用者作出的一种语法选择，因此名词化结构不仅与语篇类型有着密切的关系，也与使用者息息相关。本文以中国中、高级英语学习者和英语本族语作者的英语科技论文摘要为语料，对三组摘要进行对比统计分析，发现不同水平英语学习者和本族语者在名词化的使用频率方面存在显著差异，水平高的学习者使用名词化结构较多，水平低的使用则较少；不同水平学习者使用名词化类型也存在差异，中级学习者使用名词化结构的类型比较单一。     

反编译过程中的结构变换

反编译器是一种能将低级语言翻译到高级语言的工具，文中介绍了反编译实现过程中的结构变换，即通过提取逻辑表达式和控制结构，对初始流图进行变换，使其最终形式与高级语言的控制语句一一对应，从而进一步生成高级语言程序．     

高级语言中的类型等价问题

本文针对强类型语言中的类型等价问题，研究了几个影响较大的高级语言对此问题的解决办法，讨论了结构等价与名字等价的利弊，进而分析了类型等价概念在高级语言中的作用，在此基础上，提出一个推荐方案，可以兼收结构等价与名字等价的长处，而不必付出额外的代价。本文最后对如何解决XYZ／G语言的类型等价规定提出了建议。     

在C＋＋语言中构造布尔类数据

本文介绍了在Ｃ＋＋语言中构造布尔类数据的方法和有关的函数，使布尔类数据同ｃｈａｒ等类型数据分离开来，赋予布尔类数据更明确的表达形式，该类数据与ｃｈａｒ、ｉｎｔ类型数据相容，可用于程序控制语句和布尔表达式，便于ＦＯＲＴＲＡＨ和ＰＡＳＣＡＬ语言的程序移植到Ｃ＋＋语言。     

C#语言中参数传递分析研究

C#中的数据类型有值类型和引用类型，参数传递有值传递和引用传递，在程序设计实践中，数据类型和传递方式组合出了通过值传递值类型、通过值传递引用类型、通过引用传递值类型和通过引用传递引用类型四种情况。本文分别对这四种情况作了实例分析，比较了参数传递格式、不同传递方式对调用方和被调用方的影响，对于掌握运用C#语言有积极意义。     

科技英语翻译的功能翻译途径

德国学者赖斯根据语言的功能发展了文本类型理论,并且认为只有实现了文本的特定功能,译文才是合适的。根据这个划分,科技英语属于传意功能文本。为达到这个功能,译者可使用多种翻译方法,以使科技译文做到逻辑清楚、措辞精确、语言通顺自然。本文着重探讨在科技英语翻译中使用的翻译方法。     

关系数据库类型系统的扩充

讨论了关系数据库在类型和函数两个方面的扩充问题．对于类型扩充，讨论了特殊类型、抽象数据类型以及语言类型三个方向的扩充；对于函数扩充，讨论了源函数、ＳＱＬ函数和外部函数三个方面的扩充．研究了关系数据库在函数扩充方面出现的动态联编问题     

论电视广告语言的五种风格类型

文章将电视广告语言的风格分为叙事风格型、描述风格型、说明风格型、抒情风格型及评论风格型五种风格类型，深入探讨了每一种风格类型的广告语言的特点。多数情况下，五种类型的广告语言通常相互交叉、互相融合，其运用要综合考虑诸多因素并“对症下药”。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with