6种魔芋光合特性的比较研究

光合作用是植物根本特性,其光合参数与植物种类有关.魔芋属半荫生植物,为获得不同魔芋种光合作用相关信息,应用双曲线修正模型建立通光响应曲线,通过计算和分析,结果表明:甜魔芋、疣柄魔芋、株芽魔芋、滇魔芋、东京魔芋、攸乐魔芋的光补偿点(LCPs)在2.41～17.83μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)之间,东京魔芋(2.41μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))和攸乐魔芋(3.67μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))光补偿点显著低于其他魔芋,光饱和点(LSPs)在417.16～1 381.22μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),甜魔芋(1 381.22μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))和弥勒魔芋(1 323.76μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))显著高于其余魔芋种.表观量子产率(AQYs)疣柄魔芋最低(0.026μmol·mol~(-1)),弥勒魔芋最高(0.046μmol·mol~(-1)).甜魔芋的最大净光合速率(P_(max)=14.47μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1))显著高于其余种,弥勒魔芋次之,疣柄魔芋最小.这些研究结果揭示了魔芋种间光合性能的差异,为高光效育种奠定了基础.     

羊草在多云条件下光合及水分生理生态特征研究

使用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪,对自然条件下呼伦贝尔草原羊草的光合及水分生理生态特征进行了研究,结果表明:八月的呼伦贝尔草原多阴云天气,羊草的净光合速率日变化呈现双峰曲线,蒸腾速率曲线与净光合速率表现出一致的趋势.光响应曲线、CO_2响应曲线结果表明:光合速率(P_n)与CO_2浓度(C_(CO_2))之间回归方程为P_n=-0.09051+0.03865 C_(CO_2)-1×10~(-5) C_(CO_2)~2,根据回归方程可求得CO_2补偿点为2.34μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),CO_2饱和点为1932.5μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).P_n与光合有效辐射(PAR)之间回归方程为P_n=-2.0596+0.02094 PAR-8×10~(-6) PAR2,光补偿点(LCP)为102.36μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),光饱和点(LSP)为1308.75μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),羊草较高的光补偿点和光饱和点是其适应内蒙古高原高光强环境的表现,也是其成为该地区优势植物的适应对策.     

珍稀濒危植物喙核桃的光合特性研究

针对广西特有珍稀濒危材油两用植物喙核桃(Annamocarya sinensis)生理生态特性缺乏的现状,采用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪对喙核桃的光合-光响应曲线和光合日变化特征进行测定,以期为喙核桃的人工种植提供科学依据。结果表明,0-1 000μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)光强范围内,净光合速率随光强的增大而快速上升。喙核桃的最大净光合速率为10.17μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),暗呼吸速率为0.85μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),表观量子效率为0.073μmol·μmol~(-1),光补偿点为44.14μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。净光合速率与光合有效辐射、气温、叶温呈正相关关系,与CO_2浓度和空气湿度呈负相关关系,都未达显著水平(P0.05)。野生喙核桃虽都分布于阔叶林、河谷等阴生环境中,但具阳生植物的光合特性,可引种种植在阳光充足的生境。     

4种模型对黄枝油杉光合光响应曲线的拟合分析

【目的】为找出黄枝油杉(Keteleeria calcarea)光合光响应曲线的最佳模型,以得到较为准确的光合特征参数。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合系统对黄枝油杉的光合光响应曲线进行测定,并通过4种模型(直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、指数模型和直角双曲线修正模型)对其光响应曲线进行拟合。【结果】直角双曲线模型和非直角双曲线模型的最大净光合速率(Pnmax)拟合值高于实测值,而指数模型和直角双曲线修正模型的拟合值与实测值较为接近;在4种模型中,直角双曲线修正模型的Isat拟合值(850.45μmol·m-2·s-1)与实测值(800μmol·m-2·s-1)最为接近,其余3种模型求得的Isat远低于实测值。直角双曲线修正模型对黄枝油杉的光响应曲线拟合得到的Pnmax、光饱和点(Isat)、光补偿点(Ic)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)分别为5.06μmol·m-2·s-1、850.45μmol·m-2·s-1、7.86μmol·m-2·s-1和0.816μmol·m-2·s-1。【结论】直角双曲线修正模型的拟合效果最好,指数模型次之,非直角双曲线模型和直角双曲线模型的拟合效果最差。     

3年生观光木夏季的光合生理特性初探

以盆栽3年生观光木为试材,利用便携式光合作用测量系统、叶绿素荧光仪及叶圆片氧电极等在夏季对其气体交换特性、叶绿素荧光参数及离体叶片的光合放氧等进行了测定.结果表明,3年生观光木幼树叶片的光补偿点为10.1μmo L/(m~2·s),光饱和点约为为800μmol/(m~2·s),CO_2补偿点为50.72μmol/mol,CO_2饱和点为1 200μmol/mol.夏季晴好天气下,观光木净光合速率(Pn)的日变化曲线呈双峰型,第1个峰出现在08:00,Pn为9.0μmol/(m~2·s),第2个峰出现在16:00,Pn为4.6μmol/(m~2·s),12:00有明显的光合午休现象.在光合有效辐射较高的时段(10:00至14:00),观光木的F_v/F——m(PSⅡphotochemical efficiency)和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)均处于低水平,表明PSⅡ活性明显下降.     

广西道地药材战骨的光合特性研究

【目的】针对广西道地药材战骨(Premna fulva Craib)丰产、高产栽培技术研究缺乏的现状,对战骨光合特点进行测定与分析,旨在了解战骨的光合作用特征,为其人工种植提供科学依据。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对战骨的光合作用-光响应曲线和光合日变化各指标进行测定。【结果】战骨叶片的最大净光合速率17.07μmol·m-2·s-1,表观量子效率0.047μmol·ml-2·s-1,暗呼吸速率0.620μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点1364μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点13.14μmol·m-2·s-1。战骨的净光合速率(Pn)日进程呈"双峰型"曲线,偏相关分析表明,Pn与光合有效辐射、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶温呈极显著正相关,光合"午休"的主要原因是强光引起的非气孔因素。【结论】战骨具阳生植物的光合特性,适宜种植在阳光充足的生境。     

温室屋面光伏组件对温室微环境及作物净光合速率的影响——以草莓温室为例

以"京藏香"草莓为实验作物,研究温室南面屋面安装光伏组件对温室微环境以及草莓叶片净光合速率的影响.结果表明:光伏温室内太阳辐射日均值相比普通温室降低了47.3%,光合有效辐射PAR降低了68%.光伏温室草莓叶片净光合速率P_n日均值为3.53μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),高于普通温室内草莓叶片P_n日均值3.34μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1).在普通温室中,草莓叶片光能利用率(LUE)仅为光伏温室的26.3%,但草莓叶片净光合速率随空气温度、空气湿度和PAR变化的幅度均高于光伏温室.     

巨尾桉与几种阔叶树和针叶树碳储量的比较研究

【目的】研究广西北海市巨尾桉（Eucalyptus grandis×E．urophylla）、红锥（Castanopsis hystrix）、海南蒲桃（Szygium cumini）、香梓楠（Michelia hedyosperma）、闽楠（Michelia macclurei）、杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）、马尾松（Pinus massoniana）的冠幅、生物量和碳储量情况,为该地区建立人工林优势树种选择提供科学依据。【方法】对两年生的巨尾桉、红锥、海南蒲桃、香梓楠、闽楠、杉木、马尾松进行常规的群落调查,采用收获法收集各树种的根、茎、叶、枝,通过实验手段测定其生物量、含碳率、碳储量。【结果】巨尾桉冠幅为其他树种的1．7～8．6倍,高度为3．1～6倍,基径为1．6～3．6倍;巨尾桉生物量高达17．2t·hm^2,其次海南蒲桃为3．6t·hm^2,其余树种生物量较低;巨尾桉含碳率在所有树种中居于中间水平,碳储量为其他树种的6～30倍。【结论】在同龄树种中,巨尾桉的固碳能力较强,可作为人工林生态固碳的优选树种。     

福建万木林3种常绿乔木的光合生理特征比较

在自然生境下,对福建省万木林自然保护区福建含笑(Michelia fujiannensis)、闽楠(Phoebe bournei)和观光木(Tsoongiodendron odorum)的光合生理特性进行了比较研究,结果表明:3种树种的光饱和点在500～1 000μmol.m-2.s-1之间,光补偿点在10μmol.m-2.s-1以内,表观量子效率在0.04～0.07之间,3种树种中福建含笑最大净光合速率最大,叶绿素含量及叶氮质量分数最高,比叶质量最低;而观光木的表观量子效率最高,光补偿点最低.因此,3种树种都能适应较广的光强范围,其中福建含笑在高光环境下具有很高的光合能力,而观光木对弱光的利用效率最高,这为园林绿化树种选择提供了重要的生理生态依据.     

4种忍冬属植物光响应特性

以紫花忍冬(Lonicera maximowiczii Regel)、早花忍冬(Lonicera praeflorens Batalin)、长白忍冬(Lonicera rupr-echtiana Regel)、金银忍冬(Lonicera maackii Maxim.) 4种忍冬为研究对象,测量光合生理指标,分析净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(Tr)对光合有效辐射(PAR)的响应.结果显示:4种忍冬属植物都属喜光植物,Pn的最大值出现在光合有效辐射为1 800～2 000μmol/(m~2·s)区间,分别为紫花忍冬20.6207μmol/(m~2·s),长白忍冬10.955 0μmol/(m~2·s),金银忍冬7.766 0μmol/(m~2·s),早花忍冬6.884 7μmol/(m~2·s).其中,紫花忍冬的净光合速率明显高于其他3种忍冬;在0～2 000μmol/(m~2·s)区间,Ci整体水平随PAR的增大呈下降趋势;随着PAR的增大,金银忍冬和早花忍冬的Cond呈增大、降低、增大的趋势,长白忍冬呈增大趋势,但幅度较缓慢,紫花忍冬呈先增大后降低的趋势;随光PAR的增强,4种忍冬属植物的Tr增大,其中紫花忍冬的增幅较大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with