瑶药五爪金龙中牛蒡苷元薄层色谱及含量测定

探索瑶药五爪金龙活性成分牛蒡子苷元的薄层色谱(TLC)定性鉴别和高效液相色谱(HPLC)定量检测方法,寻找瑶药五爪金龙质量控制的依据。本研究采用薄层色谱法对药材中的牛蒡苷元进行定性鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法对药材中的牛蒡苷元进行含量测定。通过实验,确定了TLC定性鉴别和HPLC定量检测的方法。薄层色谱中牛蒡苷元斑点集中、清晰。高效液相色谱法中牛蒡苷元对照品在0.42～5.26μg时,进样量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。牛蒡苷元平均回收率为100.43%,RSD=2.09%。10批五爪金龙药材中牛蒡苷元含量在0.06%～0.52%。     

三七花颗粒的质量控制方法

【目的】完善三七花颗粒制剂的质量控制标准。【方法】采用薄层色谱法对三七花颗粒进行定性鉴别,并用高效液相色谱法对颗粒中的人参皂苷Rb3进行定量测定。【结果】三七花颗粒供试品与对照品及药材在薄层色谱中相应的位置上,显现相同颜色的荧光斑点;人参皂苷Rb3在0.505~5.050μg成良好线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为101.25%,RSD为0.54%(n=6)。【结论】该方法简便、准确,可用于三七花颗粒质量的控制。     

光石韦药材中芒果苷的定性定量分析方法研究

为了研究光石韦药材中的芒果苷,建立定性定量分析方法,采用薄层色谱定性鉴别,高效液相色谱测定芒果苷含量。结果表明,薄层色谱鉴别方法的重现性好,芒果苷在0.0605～0.3632#g范围内呈良好线性关系（r=0.9996）,平均回收率为101.3%,RSD为2.13%（n=9）。方法简便、准确,专属性强,重现性和回收率好,可以为光石韦药材的质量标准制定提供分析方法和依据。     

十味参归灌肠液的质量标准研究

本文建立了十味参归灌肠液的质量标准。试验采用薄层色谱法(TCL)对制剂中的延胡索、丹参、桃仁、赤芍进行定性鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对制剂中的丹酚酸B进行含量测定。结果显示,本研究建立的上述4味药材的薄层鉴别方法,色谱图特征斑点分离清晰、集中;建立的丹酚酸B含量测定方法,专属性和重复性高,丹酚酸B对照品进样量为54.55～545.5μg时,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,丹酚酸B回收率为102.77%,RSD=1.01%。本文建立的定性定量方法可有效控制中药制剂十味参归灌肠液的质量。     

清热解毒片质量标准研究

采用薄层色谱法对清热解毒片中的金银花、栀子及连翘进行定性鉴别,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩中的黄芩苷含量.色谱柱为C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸水溶液(50:50),检测波长276nm.鉴别项下薄层图斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰,专属性强;黄芩苷含量测定方法在进样浓度30.6～81.6μg/ml内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9999,回收率为99.34%,RSD=1.83%.本方法简便准确,重现性好,可用于清热解毒片的质量标准.     

高效液相色谱法测定6个不同产地的牡丹叶中丹皮酚和芍药苷含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定6个不同产地来源的牡丹叶中丹皮酚和芍药苷的含量。丹皮酚与芍药苷的测定均以Waters Xbridge shield RP18色谱柱(5 μm, 4.6 mm × 150.0 mm)为固定相,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,进样量为10 μL;丹皮酚检测以甲醇-水(体积比45:55)为流动相,检测波长275 nm;芍药苷检测以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(体积比15:85)为流动相,检测波长230 nm。结果显示,丹皮酚和芍药苷分别在浓度12.5～400.0 μg/mL和50.0～800.0 μg/mL的范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,精密度、稳定性、重复性和加样回收率都较好,6个不同产地的牡丹叶中丹皮酚和芍药苷的含量有所差别。该研究为牡丹叶质量综合评价及药效的科学解释提供了准确、快速的定量分析方法,同时为探讨不同产地来源牡丹叶的化学成分及其开发利用提供了数据支持。     

少腹逐瘀丸质控方法研究

为了解决现行《中华人民共和国药典》中关于少腹逐瘀丸的鉴别存在项目单一、不同剂型之间质控标准不统一等问题,通过对处方中主要药效成分进行定性和定量研究,建立了一种更为全面的少腹逐瘀丸质控方法。采用薄层色谱法定性鉴别处方中的蒲黄、延胡索、肉桂3味药材,通过高效液相色谱法测定芍药苷的含量。结果表明:在薄层色谱图中观察到蒲黄、延胡索、肉桂药材的特征斑点,芍药苷进样量在0.128～1.28μg范围内线性关系良好,精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD值均小于2.0%,平均回收率为92.10%,RSD值为1.40%(n=9),芍药苷含量的建议值不低于1.20 mg/g。所建立的方法准确可靠,可行性高,重复性良好,可以作为完善少腹逐瘀丸质量标准的参考依据。     

山西连翘子药材质量标准研究

为了建立山西省连翘子地方药材质量标准,文章采用薄层色谱法对连翘子药材进行定性鉴别,气相色谱法建立连翘子挥发性成分的指纹图谱,并用HPLC方法检测其中连翘酯苷A的含量。结果显示薄层色谱检出连翘酯苷A,特征斑点分离清晰;对10个产地的连翘子挥发性成分进行分析,建立了连翘子挥发性成分的气相色谱指纹图谱,相似度均在0.994以上;HPLC分析表明连翘酯苷A在0.188 0μg~2.256 0μg呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为1.000 0,平均回收率为98.72%,RSD为1.6%,10个产地的连翘酯苷A百分含量在2.331%~3.845%之间。     

防芷鼻炎片质量标准研究

采用薄层色谱法对防芷鼻炎片中的野菊花、防风、胆南星及蒺藜进行定性鉴别,并采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定白芍中芍药苷的含量.HPLC的色谱柱为C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(15:85),检测波长为230nm.鉴别项下薄层图斑点清晰,阴性对照无干扰,专属性强.芍药苷含量测定在进样浓度10.4～52.0μg/ml之间呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9998,回收率为98.73%,RSD=1.93%.本方法简便准确,重现性好,可以用于防芷鼻炎片的质量标准.     

龟鹿补肾片质量标准研究

龟鹿补肾片质量标准的制定是进行生产质量控制的重要依据。针对该制剂的主要药效成分,文章通过薄层鉴别对陈皮、枸杞进行了鉴别,并采用高效液相色谱法测定了淫羊覆苷的含量。结果显示在薄层色谱中能检出陈皮:淫羊藿苷在0.1036~0.5180μg范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=1.0000),回收率达99.85%,RSD为0.53%,表明该方法准确、灵敏、重现性好,能有效地控制龟鹿补肾片的质量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the