杂铜阳极泥硫酸化焙烧-浸出工艺提取Cu和Ni的试验研究

杂铜阳极泥中含有大量的贵金属和稀有金属元素,是提取贵金属和稀有金属元素的重要原料,杂铜阳极泥处理的第一步即是提取Cu、Ni等贱金属,以富集贵金属和稀有金属元素.采用硫酸化焙烧-浸出工艺,从杂铜电解产生的阳极泥中提取Cu和Ni.考察焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸出液固比、浸出硫酸浓度以及浸出时间等因素对Cu、Ni和Sn浸出率的影响.结果表明：当焙烧温度为400℃、焙烧时间3 h,浸出时液固比为4：1,100 g·L^-1硫酸、温度为80℃的条件下,Cu、Ni的浸出率>96.6%,可以有效地实现杂铜阳极泥中Cu和Ni的提取,而Sn的浸出率为13.0%,浸出渣可以作为提取Sn和贵金属的原料.     

铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣的硫酸浸出过程

针对铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣开展硫酸浸出过程研究,考察硫酸浓度、温度、时间、液固比、搅拌速度和氧化方式等因素对浸出渣渣率和金属浸出率的影响.研究结果表明:金属浸出率随硫酸浓度的增加而提高,银的溶解尤为明显;硫酸浸出渣中未溶解的铜主要以单质存在,采用空气氧化方式可以提高铜的浸出率;在最佳条件即硫酸浓度为2.7 mol/L,温度为85℃,液固比为5∶1,时间为2h,空气压力为0.1～0.2 MPa和搅拌速度为300 r/min下,硫酸浸出渣率为60.0％,Cu和Te的浸出率分别为97.65％和77.53％,Ag和Sb的浸出率分别为8.95％和2.0％.     

废旧镍氢电池正极材料中镍和钴的回收

研究了在硫酸体系中回收废旧镍氢电池正极材料中的金属镍和钴. 用正交实验方法考察了浸出温度、浸出时间、硫酸初始浓度以及氧化剂用量对镍、钴浸出率的影响. 实验结果表明,各因素对镍和钴浸出率的影响程度排序均为:氧化剂用量>浸出时间>温度>硫酸初始浓度. 在实验得出的最佳浸出条件下,Co的浸出率为99.7%,Ni的浸出率为99.1%.     

响应曲面法优化电镀污泥铜离子浸出实验

为了实现电镀污泥的无害化、资源化,优化回收其中含有的重金属具有非常重要的意义。为能够更加有效地回收利用重金属,针对单因素实验对优化条件的不足,采用单因素实验法为辅、BoxBehnken Design(BBD,响应面优化设计)法为主的方法,研究了浸出剂种类、浸出剂浓度、液固比、温度、时间对电镀污泥中铜浸出率的单独影响及主要因素间的交互作用。通过响应曲面法得到的回归方程模型来预测铜浸出率得到最佳的实验条件参数,同时用得到的响应曲面图和等高线图来直观反应各因素对铜浸出率的影响及交互作用强弱。通过实验数据分析以及实验验证,发现浸出剂为2. 0 mol/L硫酸、液固比为15∶1(m L∶g,即每克污泥中加入浸出剂15 m L)、温度为100℃、时间为120 min时,电镀污泥中浸出铜的浸出率最高,达到82. 99%,且在各主要因素中,对铜的浸出率影响最大的依次是温度、液固比及液固比和温度之间的交互作用。     

常压下硫酸体系中钴冰铜的浸出

对云南某镍矿镍转炉渣经碳还原、黄铁矿硫化所得的钴冰铜进行工艺矿物学及其在常压条件下硫酸浸出的研究。考察温度、硫酸起始浓度、浸出时间及液固比等因素对钴、镍浸出率的影响，以及在两段逆流浸出流程中镍、钴的浸出率。实验结果表明：硫酸浓度以及浸出温度对钴、镍浸出率影响较大，当硫酸初始浓度为6mol／L，浸出温度为100℃，浸出时间为6h，液固比为5时，钴冰铜中钴、镍的浸出率分别达到95．37％和96．73％；在两段逆流浸出实验中，钴、镍的浸出率分别达到99．62％和99．58％，渣中铜的品位达到34．42％，回收率达到96．42％。     

镍钼矿提钼渣中镍的浸出工艺

在硫酸溶液中,使用常压氧化浸出法处理镍钼矿提钼渣以回收有价金属镍。考察搅拌速度、液固比、硫酸用量、氧化剂用量以及浸出时间对镍浸出过程的影响。试验结果表明:搅拌速度与液固比对浸出过程影响不明显;在未加入氧化剂时,主要发生镍氢氧化物简单的酸溶反应,而添加氧化剂后硫化物也被氧化浸出;此外,镍浸出率随浸出时间、温度及硫酸用量的增加而增大。最佳工艺条件如下:搅拌速度为500 r/min,液固比为4:1,氧化剂加入量为矿量的0.2倍,浸出温度为90℃,硫酸浓度为0.4 mol/L,浸出时间为8 h,镍浸出率可达95%左右。     

含锂赤泥在硫酸铵溶液中的浸出行为及机理

对赤泥在硫酸铵溶液中的浸出行为进行研究,在热力学分析的基础上,系统考察浸出温度、硫酸铵浓度、时间以及液固比对赤泥中锂、钠、钾浸出率的影响,并通过浸出前后物相和形貌的变化对其浸出机理进行探讨。研究结果表明：升高温度、硫酸铵浓度和延长时间有助于锂的浸出,而温度过高会降低锂的浸出率;在温度为270℃,时间为60 min,硫酸铵质量浓度为200 g/L,液固比为10:1的条件下,锂、钠、钾的浸出率分别为65.07%,95.97%和28.62%;赤泥在硫酸铵溶液中浸出锂、钠、钾的机理可能是离子置换。     

用废旧电路板酸浸-电沉积法回收金属铜

为了既保障环保又达到最佳铜回收效果的目的,以废旧电路板经过初步破碎分离,得到铜金属富集产品为研究对象,采用硫酸-双氧水浸出结合电沉积工艺回收物料中的铜。考察了铜浸出率与硫酸质量浓度、双氧水用量、浸出时间、液固比之间的关系,进行最佳金属浸出条件实验。结果表明：硫酸物质的量浓度为3.5 mol/L、浸出时间3 h、双氧水用量为20 mL、液固比10∶1条件下,铜金属浸出率最高可达到97.58%。电沉积尾液循环用以浸出铜,铜离子循环质量浓度不低于18 g/L,平均电流效率高于97.60%。在沉积温度40℃,阴极材料为T2紫铜,电流密度小于800 A/m2时,电流效率可以保持在97%以上。实验中铜回收率达到了97.58%。     

粉煤灰酸浸提铝试验条件的优化

 为优化酸浸法从粉煤灰中提取氧化铝的试验条件,提高酸溶过程浸出率,降低氟化物掺量,采用正交试验,对影响浸出率的各种因素进行研究。通过优化试验条件,提高铝的浸出率,大大降低环境污染。当溶出温度达沸腾硫酸浓度为12 mol/L固液比为1：3溶出时间为120 min、KF 和粉煤灰的质量比为4：100 时,铝的浸出率可达91.2%。在没有降低浸出率的前提下,有毒氟化物的掺量约减少一半。     

钢铁厂铁鳞硫酸的浸出过程

为制备高纯氧化铁,以钢铁厂铁鳞为原料,考察液固比、温度、时间和硫酸用量对铁浸出率的影响.研究确定硫酸浸出过程的工艺条件,分析浸出过程的动力学机理.确定硫酸浸出铁鳞的最佳工艺条件为:液固比3:1,温度100℃,时间6.0 h,硫酸用量为理论量的1.25倍.在此优化工艺条件下,铁鳞中Fe的平均浸出率为91.69%.动力学研究结果表明,铁鳞的硫酸浸出过程在动力学上属收缩核模型,即满足1/2(1-a1)-2/3-1/2=Kt,受化学反应的控制,反应活化能为70.40 kJ/mol.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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