射频磁控溅射法制备CdTe薄膜及其性质的研究

为了制备高效率的CdS/CdTe薄膜叠层太阳电池,本文采用射频磁控溅射技术在不同温度玻璃衬底上制备了CdTe多晶薄膜. 利用X射线衍射仪其微结构;用紫外分光光度计测量薄膜的透过谱,计算出了能隙Eg;利用原子力显微镜表征其微观形貌. 结果显示在常温时沉积的薄膜晶面取向性好,为立方闪锌矿型结构,有较低的透过率. 以上结果表明,用射频磁控溅射技术更适于制备CdS/CdTe薄膜叠层太阳电池中的CdTe薄膜.     

热处理和KOH腐蚀对CdS/CdTe太阳电池性能的影响

本文研究了热处理和KOH腐蚀对CdS/CdTe多晶薄膜太阳电池性能的影响。结果表明,CdTe薄膜在沉积过程中或沉积后进行热处理,都可有效地改善器件的工作性能;Au/CdTe接触前对CdTe膜进行KOH腐蚀,能改善欧姆接触特性;蒸Au后的热处理及迅速冷却也能使欧姆接触特性得到进一步的改善。     

一种用于制冷的新型太阳能电池——CdS／CdTe

CdS/CdTe多晶薄膜电池是一种利用CdS的优良窗口效应和CdTe良好的光电转换而做成的一种层叠的异质结薄膜太阳电池，是适用于制冷、新型、高效率、低成本的太阳能电池，具有低缺陷、能隙大、稳定性好的特点，并且制作工艺简单、经济，易于大面积沉积，而且还具有环保价值。综述了CdS/CdTe多晶薄膜太阳能电池的特性及它的发展，同时还归纳了一些适应大面积和低成本的生产工艺。     

后处理对近空间升华法制备CdS薄膜性能影响研究

将近空间升华法（CSS）沉积所得的CdS薄膜进行退火处理,利用XRD、SEM、暗电导温度关系研究不同退火条件对CdS多晶薄膜性能的影响.结果表明退火后CdS多晶薄膜在（002）面上具有择优取向;退火促使再结晶并促进晶粒长大;暗电导(darkσ)随退火温度增加而增加,暗电导激活能(Ea)随退火温度的增加而减少.最后得到较优化的退火条件,获得适合作为CdTe太阳电池窗口层的CdS薄膜.     

升温过程和气压在近空间升华沉积CdTe多晶薄膜中的作用

近空间升华技术制备CdTe多晶薄膜具有薄膜质量好、沉积速率高、设备简单、生产成本低等优点.采用近空间升华法(CSS)制备的CdTe多晶薄膜,薄膜的结构、性质与整个沉积过程密切相关,其过程受到较多因素的影响.要实现对沉积过程的控制,必须对沉积过程中的热交换、物质输运进行深入的研究.分析近空间沉积的物理机制,通过对装置内的温度进行测量,对升温曲线进行实验研究,优选了温度分布与升温曲线,研究了气压对CdTe薄膜结构、性质的影响.讨论了升温过程、气压与薄膜的初期成核的关系.结果表明:不同气压下沉积的样品均为立方相CdTe,且还出现CdS和SnO2:F的衍射峰,随着气压增加,CdTe晶粒减小,薄膜的透过率下降,相应的吸收边向短波方向移动.采用衬底温度500℃,源温度620℃,沉积时间4min的沉积条件获得了性能优良的CdTe多晶薄膜.     

CdCl_2气相退火对CdTe/CdS太阳能电池的影响

对CdTe薄膜进行CdCl2 热处理是制备高效率CdTe/CdS多晶太阳能薄膜电池的关键步骤 .研究了CdTe薄膜CdCl2 气相热处理 ,用XRD ,SEM表征热处理前后薄膜的结构、晶粒尺寸、晶格常数及能带宽度的变化 .比较研究了有无CdCl2 热处理的CdTe薄膜的结构差异 .CdCl2 热处理对CdTe/CdS异质结界面互扩散的影响 ,比较研究了有无CdCl2 热处理时 ,对CdTe/CdS太阳能薄膜电池的光I-V特性曲线的影响 .     

双源真空蒸发制备CdS/CuInSe_2多晶异质结薄膜太阳电池

用双源真空蒸发制备CdS/CuInSe2多晶异质结薄膜太阳电池,并对电池的性能进行测试.在AM1.5,100mW/cm2的碘钨灯下,对1cm2的太阳电池测得其最大转换效率为6.2%.     

浅谈CdTe薄膜的制备方法及掺杂改性研究

Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体化合物碲化镉(CdTe)因其具有良好的光电性质,而成为制备高效率、低成本的多晶薄膜太阳电池理想的吸收层材料。广泛的应用其制备是前提,CdTe薄膜的制备方法较多,主要有:CSS法(closed-space sublimation,近距离升华);电沉积(ED)法;溅射法;喷涂法和真空蒸发法等。采用不同的制备技术对CdTe薄膜样品的结构与性质有较大差异,本文研究了CdTe薄膜的结构特性,比较制备工艺较成熟且效率较高的常用方法的优缺点,并系统讨论了CdTe薄膜的掺杂改性研究。     

在PI衬底上制备CdS薄膜及其性能表征

介绍用化学水浴法在聚酰亚胺(PI)衬底上沉积铜铟镓硒薄膜太阳电池的缓冲层CdS薄膜. 研究制备CdS薄膜过程中的一些化学反应过程和反应机理,着重研究在沉积过程中,氨水浓度和水浴温度温度对CdS薄膜品质的影响. 经过实验比较得到沉积CdS薄膜的较佳氨水浓度和水浴温度条件为:1.3×10-3 mol/L NH3·H2O,75 ℃水浴温度.     

反应磁控溅射制备CdTe太阳电池前电极ITO薄膜的性质研究

使用反应直流磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了ITO薄膜作为CdTe多晶薄膜太阳电池的前电极,研究了氧分压和衬底温度对ITO薄膜光电性能及结构的影响.通过四探针、紫外可见分光光度仪,X射线衍射(XRD)和霍尔测试仪等测试手段对薄膜进行了表征.结果表明:随着氧分压和衬底温度的升高,ITO薄膜在可见光区域的透过性能明显增强,但是薄膜的载流子浓度下降,霍尔迁移率也逐渐降低,同时薄膜的电阻率逐渐增大.在结果分析的基础上,选用衬底温度300℃,1.4%的氧分压条件制备出可见光透过率在80%以上,电阻率为5.3×10-4?·cm的ITO薄膜,将其应用于碲化镉多晶薄膜太阳电池,电池的转换率可以达到10.7%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with