长吻鮠幼鱼小瓜虫病的组织学观察

多子小瓜虫 (Ichthyophthiriusmultifiliis)主要寄生于鱼类皮肤、鳍、颌须、颏须和鳃 ,在长吻幼鱼的肌肉组织边缘发现有多子小瓜虫幼虫寄生 .感染部位均有上皮和结缔组织增生 ,形成白色囊泡 .皮肤和触须上的一些寄生部位糜烂、充血、色素层部分缺失 ,鳍条被挤压变形 ,严重感染者鳍、颌须和颏颏有不同程度的缺失 .讨论了该病造成长吻幼鱼致死率高和难治疗的原因以及可能的防治措施 .     

鲢鱼鳃的扫描电镜研究

用扫描电镜观察了鲢（Ｈｙｐｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｉｃｈｉｈｙｓｍｏｌｉｔｒｉｘ）的鳃弓、鳃耙、鳃丝及鳃小片的表面结构，整个鳃上遍布微嵴，但不同区域的微嵴形态有差异：如排列方式、密集程度、宽度和长度等。另外，不同部位存在着不同功能的细胞群。味蕾存在于鳃耙的游离末端；粘液细胞几乎遍及整个鳃表面；鳃丝表面有少量氯细胞。     

鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及扫描电镜观察

报道鲈鱼的鳃寄生车轮虫病及病理组织的扫描电镜观察。病原鉴定为：直钩车轮虫、杜氏车轮虫、日本车轮虫、劳牧小车轮虫及简单两发虫５种车轮科纤毛虫、其中数量上占优势的为直钩车轮虫。扫描电镜观察结果表明,鳃寄生车轮虫可对宿 主的上皮组织产生明显的机械性损伤并造成鳃丝粘液分泌增多及炎症反应。文中就海水鱼类及野生鱼类由车轮虫寄生造成的危害及防治途径做了探讨。     

小鞘指环虫个体行为的观察研究

对小鞘指环虫寄生鲢鱼的个体行为进行了观察研究，结果发现该虫在寄生状态和自由状态活跃性有较大差异。其纤毛幼虫自孵出后，即开始活跃运动，并表现出对水流的敏感，同时对宿主鱼的鳃，鳞，鳍等有相似的趋向反应。     

栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri Jones et Preston)鳃的形态学研究

用光镜和扫描电镜观察了栉孔扇贝鳃的组织学和表面结构．栉孔扇贝鳃属异丝鳃型,鳃丝有主鳃丝和普通鳃丝之分,两者的大小、形态、结构及作用均有很大的差异．主鳃丝在鳃瓣中主要起支架作用．相邻鳃丝通过成排的形似“舌”状的丝间连接连接在一起．呼吸褶膜和主鳃丝回血管是栉孔扇贝鳃的特殊结构．呼吸褶膜高度折叠,被覆单层立方细胞,细胞表面凹凸不平,是鳃进行气体交换的重要部位．经呼吸褶膜完成气体交换的血液可直接由主鳃丝回血管进入出鳃血管．     

南方鲇鳃的光镜和扫描电镜观察

应用光镜和扫描电镜对南方鲇（Silurusmeridionalis）鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片和鳃间隔的形态结构进行了观察发现在鳃弓、鳃丝和鳃间隔分布着大量的嗜酸性颗粒细胞、粘液细胞和棒状细胞；扫描电镜下，鳃小片间有一前端钝圆后端尖细的长椭圆形结构；部分鳃小片游离尖端存在“呼吸斑”，该结构易于使水流形成较大的涡流，利于气体交换或起一定的排泄作用．     

扇贝外寄生车轮虫（Trichodina jadranica Raabe,1958）的…

采用Ｗｉｌｂｅｒｔ蛋白银法及Ｃｈａｔｔｏｎ－Ｌｗｏｆｆ银浸法对一种附生于栉孔扇贝鳃丝上的寄生车轮虫进行了光镜水平下的研究。依据其形态学和纤毛图式特征，该种被鉴定为Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｉｎａ ｊａｄｒａｎｉｃａ Ｒａａｂｅ，１９５８．此为我国新记录，同时也是第一例有关寄生于扇贝鳃表纤毛虫原生动物的报道。     

鲢鱼鳃表面亚微形态结构的扫描电镜研究

用扫描电镜对鲢鳃表面形态结构进行了详细观察研究，结果表明：鳃弓、鳃丝、鳃小片和鳃耙的上皮细胞各具不同的形态结构特点．鳃弓、鳃丝和鳃耙的上皮细胞具有刻纹和隆嵴等结构，而鳃小片的上皮细胞只有稀疏的大小和形状不同的小孔，这些形态结构特点是与其生理功能密切相关的．     

锚首虫科(单殖亚纲)两种海盘虫的形态研究

对寄生在海洋鱼类黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus(Basilewsdy)和紫红笛鲷Lutjanusargentimaculatus(Forskai)鳃上的深圳海盘虫Haliotremashenzhenensis和寄生在短尾大眼鲷Priacanthusmacracathus(Cuvier&Valenciennes)鳃上的鹤嘴海盘虫Haliotremagruinale的形态结构进行了研究,并比较了不同宿主鳃上深圳海盘虫的形态差异.     

罗非鱼鳃表面亚微形态结构的扫描电镜研究

用扫描电镜对罗非鱼(Tilapia mossambica Peter)鳃表面形态结构进行了详细观察研究,结果表明:鳃耙、鳃弓、鳃丝和鳃小片的上皮细胞各具有不同的形态结构特点。鳃耙、鳃弓和鳃丝的上皮细胞均具有刻纹,但不同部位的微嵴形态有差异,如排列方式、宽度和长度,这些形态结构特点是与其生理功能密切相关的。     

南方鲶的三代虫病研究

南方鲶（Silurusmeridionalis）的三代虫病病原体是古雪夫三代虫（GyrodactylusgusseviLing,1962）．该虫离开南方鲶后,有粘液时,存活率比无粘液时高（32-83）％,存活时间也较无粘液时长（1．5-3.5）h．古雪夫三代虫可通过养带虫鱼的水及与病鱼直接接触传播．该三代虫最先感染南方鲶的部位是上颌须和臀鳍,其次是尾鳍和其它部位．南方鲶急三代虫病的早期症状是上颌须变软、变白和断须,通过这一特点,可进行该病的早期诊断．     

Plasmodium falciparum strain-specific antibody blocks binding of infected erythrocytes to amelanotic melanoma cells

An important feature of Plasmodium falciparum malaria which differentiates it from other human malarias is that erythrocytes infected with trophozoites and schizonts are not present in the peripheral blood but are sequestered along capillary and venular endothelium. Infected erythrocytes attach via parasite-induced ultrastructural modifications on the surface of the infected cells, called 'knobs'. This sequestration may be important for parasite survival because it prevents infected erythrocytes from circulating through the spleen where they could be eliminated. We have established an in vitro correlate of sequestration and used it to demonstrate that immune sera from repeatedly infected Aotus monkeys inhibit binding of infected erythrocytes to endothelial cells. We have investigated whether antiserum that blocks binding of one isolate of P. falciparum to target cells can block or reverse binding of other isolates. We report here that sera which block or reverse binding are strain-specific, indicating that the corresponding antigens on the surface of the infected erythrocytes are strain (isolate)-specific.     

贵州荔波8种金线鲃对环境的适应性特征

论述了贵州省荔波茂兰自然保护区内采集到的8种金线鲃的形态特征及对环境的适应性特征,发现这8种金线鲃对于不同水环境的适应演化过程中,眼睛的退化、侧线管的两侧及头部衍生出众多短的感觉管、胸鳍和口须的适应性变化、头背部的特殊突起等独特的适应性特征,认为这8种金线鲃都属于非典型的洞穴鱼类。     

贵州荔波8种金线鲃对环境的适应性特征

论述了贵州省荔波茂兰自然保护区内采集到的8种金线钯的形态特征及对环境的适应性特征,发现这8种金线鲤对于不同水环境的适应演化过程中,眼睛的退化、侧线管的两侧及头部衍生出众多短的感觉管、胸鳍和口须的适应性变化、头背部的特殊突起等独特的适应性特征,认为这8种金线喜巴都属于非典型的洞穴鱼类。     

Introduced species and their missing parasites

Damage caused by introduced species results from the high population densities and large body sizes that they attain in their new location. Escape from the effects of natural enemies is a frequent explanation given for the success of introduced species. Because some parasites can reduce host density and decrease body size, an invader that leaves parasites behind and encounters few new parasites can experience a demographic release and become a pest. To test whether introduced species are less parasitized, we have compared the parasites of exotic species in their native and introduced ranges, using 26 host species of molluscs, crustaceans, fishes, birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles. Here we report that the number of parasite species found in native populations is twice that found in exotic populations. In addition, introduced populations are less heavily parasitized (in terms of percentage infected) than are native populations. Reduced parasitization of introduced species has several causes, including reduced probability of the introduction of parasites with exotic species (or early extinction after host establishment), absence of other required hosts in the new location, and the host-specific limitations of native parasites adapting to new hosts.     

Competition and mutualism among the gut helminths of a mammalian host

Most animal species are infected with multiple parasite species; however, the role of interspecific parasite interactions in influencing parasite dynamics and shaping parasite communities has been unclear. Although laboratory studies have found evidence of cross-immunity, immunosuppression and competition, analyses of hosts in the field have generally concluded that parasite communities are little more than random assemblages. Here we present evidence of consistent interspecific interactions in a natural mammalian system, revealed through the analysis of parasite intensity data collected from a free-ranging rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) population, sampled monthly for a period of 23 yr. The wild rabbit plays host to a diverse gut helminth community that reflects the communities seen in other economically important domestic herbivores. These findings suggest that parasite interactions could have profound implications for the dynamics of parasite communities. The efficacy of parasite control programmes could be jeopardized if such interactions are not taken into account. In contrast, a clear understanding of such interactions may provide the basis for the development of more environmentally acceptable methods of parasite control.     

车用散热器百叶窗布置方式的数值模拟与分析

针对车用百叶窗翅片式散热器的传热和流阻特性,采用数值模拟计算方法对百叶窗对称布置和非对称布置2种方式的散热器进行了研究分析,通过计算百叶窗翅片空气侧的传热量、传热因子和压降,以及散热器综合性能评价因子,获得了综合性能较优的百叶窗布置形式.结果表明,在相同的进出口边界和给定的几何参数条件下,对称布置的百叶窗翅片具有较高的传热性能,但流阻性能较差.当空气入口速度为5.58,m/s时,与非对称形式相比,对称布置时的传热量提高了14.7%,压降却增加了29.3%;在不同的空气入口速度条件下,对称布置时百叶窗翅片具有较高的散热器综合性能评价因子,因此,百叶窗对称布置时散热器综合性能较好.     

凡纳对虾体内ACP、AKP酶的细胞化学定位

运用电镜酶细胞化学技术对凡纳对虾体内肝脏(L)、肌肉(M)、心脏(H)和复眼(E)等四种组织的酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)进行了细胞化学定位,并与感染病毒的凡纳对虾四种组织中ACP、AKP的细胞化学定位进行比较.结果显示,在健康的对虾体内,ACP依次出现在各组织中的溶酶体、细胞核、细胞内膜、线粒体、内质网以及肝脏组织中的部分脂滴周围及微绒毛中AKP依次出现在各组织中的细胞膜、细胞核、溶酶体、内质网以及肝脏组织中的脂滴周围及微绒毛中.感染病毒后,对虾体内组织细胞出现了明显的病理变化,各组织细胞内均出现大量的髓样小体;各组织中ACP,AKP的超微细胞化学定位也发生了明显的规律性变化,表现为相应细胞器内ACP,AKP酶活性均减弱或消失,并在多数组织的细胞质中检测到ACP,AKP酶活性的高电子密度颗粒,且大量出现的髓样小体均呈阳性反应.     

温州海区长蛇鲻寄生线虫幼虫的分布模式

作者对温州海区常见30多种经济鱼类作为中间宿主感染寄生虫的情况进行了调查,结果表明15．2％的被检鱼类寄生单殖吸虫,而63．6％的被检鱼类有线虫寄生,文中着重对不同体长组长蛇鲻体内寄生线虫的状况进行研究,随着宿主体长的增长,其感染强度和平均密度有逐渐增加的趋势,宿主体内寄生率及密度占绝对优势的Anisakis simplex幼虫和Contracaecumsp,幼虫在宿主体内的频率分布,表明多数宿主不感染或只感染少量的线虫幼虫,少数宿主感染线虫幼虫数量较大,线虫幼虫在宿主种群的分布格局类型均为聚集分布。