Quantitative Assessment on Endangerment Degree of Rare Animal and Plant Species in Tibet, China

It is of profound theoretical and practical significance to study endangerment status of rare species in Tibet. Index system is firstly set down for quantitative assessment of rare animal and plant species, then endangerment degree of wildlife under special state protection are calculated, which is expressed by value E. The results reveal that Yunnan snub-nosed monkey （Rhinopithecus bieti）, Himalayan tahr （Hemitragus jemlahicus） and Gigantic Cypress （Cupressus gigantea） have the highest E respectively in animals and plants. According to value E, all species are categorized into 4 ranks： critically endangered（0.6-0.8）, endangered （0.4- 0.6）, vulnerable （0.2-0.4） and lower risk （ E ≤ 0.2）. By comparison of the first five animals and plants of the highest E, each sub-ecozone bears a distinct identity.     

盐胁迫对红鳞蒲桃苗木生长和生理特性的影响

【目的】评价盐胁迫下红鳞蒲桃(Syzygizan hancei)苗木的生理耐受性。【方法】选择当年生红鳞蒲桃盆栽苗木为材料,研究6种NaCl盐分浓度(0%、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%)下红鳞蒲桃幼苗高生长、地径生长、叶片质膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、叶绿素含量的变化特征。【结果】随着NaCl浓度的增加,红鳞蒲桃苗木的高增长量逐渐降低,在浓度0.4%时下降显著;NaCl浓度对苗木的地径增长量影响不大;细胞质膜透性对盐胁迫具有较强的耐性,NaCl浓度在0.8%以下时,叶片的相对电导率差异不显著;游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量在NaCl浓度为0.4%时显著增加,其后维持在一定水平;CAT酶活性对盐胁迫较为敏感,在浓度0.2%时即显著增强;叶绿素含量则随着NaCl浓度的增加表现出先升后降的变化趋势。【结论】0.4%NaCl浓度是影响红鳞蒲桃苗木生理特性的关键。     

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-H2O and NaF-H2O binary solutions and NaClO4-NaF-H2O ternary solution

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO₄-H₂O and NaF-H₂O binary solutions and NaClO₄-NaF-H₂O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). A transformation coefficient was needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity, because they were usually obtained at different standard states and concentration units. The results show that transformation coefficients between the calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same components change in a very narrow range. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO₄-H₂O and NaF-H₂O binary solutions agree well with the reported activities. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO₄-NaF-H₂O ternary solution are also in good agreement with the reported activities in a total ionic strength range from 0.1 to 0.9 mol/kg H₂O by the 0.1 mol/kg step with different ionic strength fractions of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 1, respectively. The results indicate that the developed thermodynamic model can reveal the structural characteristics of binary and ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions, and the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples also strictly follow the mass action law.     

微量全血定量测定尿素氮的试验研究

利用高压液相和光度计对血样进行测试。结果表明：健康动物血液有形成分比较稳定，不同个体变化幅度小，与用二乙酰一肟法影响比较一致，使微量全血测定动物尿素氮成的可能。本方法为动物特别是小动物的尿素氮的测定提供了一种可行，方便的检测方法。     

CRC辅助PC-polar码的新颖编码算法

针对奇偶校验极化(parity-check polar, PC-polar)码中奇偶校验码检错效率低而导致纠错性能不佳的问题,提出了一种循环冗余校验码辅助PC-polar码的新颖编码算法。用奇偶校验(PC)比特和高汉明权重的冻结比特替换低汉明权重的信息比特来优化极化码的距离谱,并结合5位循环位移寄存器优化PC码的校验函数,再在PC-polar码中加入检错效率较高的循环冗余校验(CRC)码,最后通过控制变量法确定了2种校验码的数量。仿真结果表明,该算法构造的CRC-PC-polar (CRC8, PC6)码在误块率(BLER)为10^-5时,与PC-polar码、CRC-polar码和segmented-CRC-polar码相比分别有0.4 dB、0.1 dB、0.2 dB的净编码增益。由此可知,提出的算法能够改善PC-polar码的纠错性能。     

Charge-ordered ferromagnetic phase in La(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO3

Mixed-valent manganites are noted for their unusual magnetic, electronic and structural phase transitions. For example, the La(1-x)Ca(x)MnO(3) phase diagram shows that below transition temperatures in the range 100-260 K, compounds with 0.2 < x < 0.5 are ferromagnetic and metallic, whereas those with 0.5 < x < 0.9 are antiferromagnetic and charge ordered. In a narrow region around x = 0.5, these totally dissimilar ground states are thought to coexist. It has been shown that charge order and charge disorder can coexist in the related compound, La(0.25)Pr(0.375)Ca(0.375)MnO(3). Here we present electron microscopy data for La(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO(3) that shed light on the distribution of these coexisting phases, and uncover an additional, unexpected phase. Using electron holography and Fresnel imaging, we find micrometre-sized ferromagnetic regions spanning several grains coexisting with similar-sized regions with no local magnetization. Holography shows that the ferromagnetic regions have a local magnetization of 3.4 +/- 0.2 Bohr magnetons per Mn atom (the spin-aligned value is 3.5 micro (B) per Mn). We use electron diffraction and dark-field imaging to show that charge order exists in regions with no net magnetization and, surprisingly, can also occur in ferromagnetic regions.     

Development of DArT markers for a linkage map of flue-cured tobacco

Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum) is one of the most economically important nonfood crops,and flue-cured tobacco accounts for approximately 80% of world tobacco production.An extremely narrow genetic diversity in the tobacco pool has led to a low efficiency of PCR-based molecular markers(such as AFLP and SSR).Diversity Arrays Technology(DArT) is a high-throughput hybridisation-based marker system that has been developed in many plants including wheat,which,like tobacco,has a complex genome.In this study,we developed a tobacco DArT chip that included 7680 representative sequence tags based on typical tobacco accessions.The 1076 DArT markers of flue-cured tobacco were identified and most(82.1%) of their polymorphism information contents(PICs) were greater than 0.4.An integrated linkage map that included 851 markers(238 DArT and 613 SSR),which is the highest density map of flue-cured tobacco to date,was constructed.This chip-based DArT system provides an alternative in high-throughput marker genotyping for tobacco.     

折叠双臂式机器人的运动学与工作空间分析

针对薄煤层勘探与灾后搜救机器人的需求,结合其特殊的工作环境,提出一种新型井下移动机器人;该机器人两侧装载了七自由度冗余机械臂,兼具狭小空间通过能力强与工作范围大两个特点。使用SOLIDWORKS软件建立了机器人的整体三维模型;通过D-H(Denavit-Hartenberg)法,建立了机械臂的运动学模型;并求出了其运动学正解。采用二次计算法,求出了机械臂的运动学逆解;使用基于蒙特卡洛法的仿真方法,进行了机器人的工作空间分析,仿真结果表明,该折叠双臂式井下勘探搜救机器人在双臂折叠状态下体积较小,狭小空间通过能力强;在双臂伸展状态下具有相当大的整体工作范围与协调工作空间,拥有较强的大范围灵活操作的能力,可满足较为复杂的任务需求。     

厌氧氨氧化过程中无机碳对脱氮效能的影响

采用上流式厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation, ANAMMOX)反应器,通过氮去除效能的变化,研究无机碳(inorganic carbon, IC)在厌氧氨氧化过程中的作用及IC质量浓度对厌氧氨氧化过程的影响.结果表明:当进水不投加IC时,反应器脱氮效能明显下降,当进水IC和总无机氮(total inorganic nitrogen,TIN)的质量浓度之比ρ_IC/ρ_TIN为0.2~0.4时,脱氮效能得到恢复并逐步提高.ρ_○IC/ρ_○TIN从0.4继续提高至1.0时,脱氮效能不再发生明显变化.在ρ_○IC/ρ_○TIN为0.4的条件下启动新反应器,运行61天后氮去除负荷达到1.04kg·m^-3·d^-1,ANAMMOX菌活性明显高于原反应器.表明厌氧氨氧化过程中,IC主要提供碳源并充当反应催化剂,充足的IC供应是提高ANAMMOX活性和维持稳定脱氮的必要条件,厌氧氨氧化启动过程中进水IC和TIN最佳质量浓度之比为0.4.     

高密度LiMn0.4Ni0.4Co0.2O2正极材料的合成与研究

用一种改进的氢氧化物共沉淀法制备了粒径均一、近球形的Mn_0.4Ni_0.4Co_0.2(OH)₂, 再通过高温固相合成法制备了高密度的LiMn_0.4Ni_0.4Co_0.2O₂正极材料。结果表明,在沉 淀体系中加入F^-,可以在较为宽松的条件下制备出振实密度为2.3g·cm^-3的LiMn_0.4Ni_0.4Co_0.2O₂正极材料。对产物进行了XRD、SEM和充放电测试。SEM测试结果表明,产物具有良好的形貌; XRD测试表明,产物具有良好的层状结构,无杂质相存在。在充放电电压区间为3.0~4.4V,电流密度为30mA·g^-1时,首次充电和放电容量分别为185和164mAh·g^-1,经过50次循环,放电容量仍能保持90%。     

红旗轿车行星齿轮变速器的运动学分析和啮合效率计算

以红旗牌轿车行星齿轮变速器为例,采用离散分析法,即首先将行星齿轮变速器按2KH型基本差动轮系单元进行分解,然后对这些轮系单元进行运动学分析和力矩分析,列出线性方程组并求解,从而提出针对该类变速器的一种新的运动学分析和啮合效率计算方法     

Synthesis of spherical Li1.167Ni0.2Co0.1Mn0.533O2 as cathode material for lithium-ion battery via co-precipitation

xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2(x=0.5) powders were synthesized from co-precipitated spherical metal carbonate,Ni0.2Co0.1Mn0.533(CO3)x.It has been found that the preparation of metal carbonate was si...     

适于子采样望远镜运动估值的搜索窗存储结构

运动估值是视频压缩编码运算量最大的部分 ,与算法相应的搜索窗存储器结构设计十分重要。提出一种适于子采样望远镜快速搜索算法的存储结构。可进行大范围望远镜搜索 ,并保证处理单元流水线不空 ,无等待时间 ,具有运算效率高、带宽小等特点。已应用于单片 MPEG2 MP@ML视频实时编码器的搜索引擎设计     

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO_4-H_2O and NaF-H_2O binary solutions and NaClO_4-NaF-H_2O ternary solution

A thermodynamic model of calculating mass action concentrations for structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-H2O and NaF-H2O binary solutions and NaClO4-NaF-H2O ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions was developed based on the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT). A transformation coefficient was needed to compare the calculated mass action concentration and the reported activity, because they were usually obtained at different standard states and concentration units. The results show that transformation coefficients between the calculated mass action concentrations and the reported activities of the same components change in a very narrow range. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-H2O and NaF-H2O binary solutions agree well with the reported activities. The transformed mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples in NaClO4-NaF-H2O ternary solution are also in good agreement with the reported activities in a total ionic strength range from 0.1 to 0.9 mol/kg H2O by the 0.1 mol/kg step with different ionic strength fractions of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, and 1, respectively. The results indicate that the developed thermodynamic model can reveal the structural characteristics of binary and ternary strong electrolyte aqueous solutions, and the calculated mass action concentrations of structural units or ion couples also strictly follow the mass action law.     

升平油田葡萄花油层最佳提液速度室内实验研究

为了进一步探索升平油田葡萄花油层提液对驱油效率的影响及作用,确定最佳提液速度,选取不同渗透率级别、变异系数的人造岩心进行室内物理模拟实验,研究不同注入速度、不同注入PV数、不同渗透率级别、不同注入时机及非均质性对驱油效率的影响,为确定升平油田葡萄花油层最佳提液速度提供理论依据。实验结果表明:对于不同渗透率级别的人造均质岩心,驱替速度均为25mL/h时采收率最高;在不同驱替速度,同一渗透率的条件下,最佳注入PV数界限为0.4。对于渗透率变异系数在0.5~0.85之间的非均质人造岩心驱替速度为20mL/h时,采收率最高;在渗透率为300md变异系数为0.5和渗透率为200md变异系数为0.65的非均质岩心中,当驱替速度为20mL/h时,最佳注入PV数界限为0.3,其他的驱替速度情况下,最佳注入PV数的界限为0.2。而在渗透率为200 md变异系数为0.85的非均质岩心中,最佳注入PV数界限为0.3。     

A fundamental avian wing-stroke provides a new perspective on the evolution of flight

The evolution of avian flight remains one of biology's major controversies, with a long history of functional interpretations of fossil forms given as evidence for either an arboreal or cursorial origin of flight. Despite repeated emphasis on the 'wing-stroke' as a necessary avenue of investigation for addressing the evolution of flight, no empirical data exist on wing-stroke dynamics in an experimental evolutionary context. Here we present the first comparison of wing-stroke kinematics of the primary locomotor modes (descending flight and incline flap-running) that lead to level-flapping flight in juvenile ground birds throughout development. We offer results that are contrary both to popular perception and inferences from other studies. Starting shortly after hatching and continuing through adulthood, ground birds use a wing-stroke confined to a narrow range of less than 20 degrees , when referenced to gravity, that directs aerodynamic forces about 40 degrees above horizontal, permitting a 180 degrees range in the direction of travel. Based on our results, we put forth an ontogenetic-transitional wing hypothesis that posits that the incremental adaptive stages leading to the evolution of avian flight correspond behaviourally and morphologically to transitional stages observed in ontogenetic forms.     

High-temperature mechanical properties and deformation behavior of high Nb containing TiAl alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering

A high Nb containing TiAl alloy was prepared from the pre-alloyed powder of Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-0.2B-0.2W-0.02Y (at%) by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Its high-temperature mechanical properties and compressive deformation behavior were investigated in a temperature range of 700 to 1050℃ and a strain rate range of 0.002 to 0.2 s-1. The results show that the high-temperature mechanical properties of the high Nb containing TiAl alloy are sensitive to deformation temperature and strain rate, and the sensitivity to strain rate tends to rise with the deformation temperature increasing. The hot workability of the alloy is good at temperatures higher than 900℃, while fracture occurs at lower temperatures. The flow curves of the samples compressed at or above 900℃ exhibit obvious flow softening after the peak stress. Under the deformation condition of 900-1050℃ and 0.002-0.2 s-1, the interrelations of peak flow stress, strain rate, and deformation temperature follow the Arrhenius' equation modified by a hyperbolic sine function with a stress exponent of 5.99 and an apparent activation energy of 441.2 kJ·mol-1.     

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating for high-pressure basic granulite from North Qinling and its geological significance

Inrecentyears,discoveriesofhightoultrahighpressuremetamorphicrocksatthenorthandsouthsidesoftheQinlingGroupinthenorthernpartoftheQinlingMountains(hereafterNorthQinling)haveattractedfocusattentionofgeologistsworldwide.Thenorthhigh-pressure(HP)metamorphicbelt,distributedintheareafromGuanpotoShuanghuaishunorthwardtoShizipin,LushCountyinHenanProvince,consistsmainlyofeclogiteoutcroppedaslenticularmassesofdifferentsizesinthegneissesoftheQinlingGroupclosetothesouthsideofZhuyangguan-Xiaguanfault…     

La0.6CexNd0.4-xNi3.0Co0.2Al0.3(x=0~0.4)合金储氢性能研究

采用电弧炉熔炼方法制备La0.6CexNd0.4-xNi3.0Co0.2Al0.3(x=0～0.4)系列合金,并对合金的储氢性能和电化学性能进行测试。测试结果表明,合金在Ce=0时具有最高的电化学容量(284.2mAh/g)和储氢量(0.93wt%)。Ce的添加会降低合金放电容量,但是能够改善合金的循环稳定性能。     

基于神经网络的六自由度摇摆台位置正解

研究用多层前向神经网络求解六自由度摇摆台位置正解的方法.通过位置反解产生神经网络的学习样本,并进行数据预处理.针对位置正解映射关系的复杂性,确立对应于摇摆台6个自由度的6个子神经网络作为位置正解的网络模型.提出用重构学习样本的方法改善网络误差分布的不利特点.仿真结果表明,用神经网络求解六自由度摇摆台的位置正解是有效的;摇摆台在全工作范围内,神经网络位置正解的误差为0.5°,3mm.