准格尔黄土丘陵区不同林地微生境苔藓植物组成与群落结构比较分析

通过标本采集和群落调查,发现准格尔黄土丘陵区微生境共有苔藓植物19科、36属、64种(包括变种),其中,天然林区16科、29属、49种,人工林地10科、17属、28种.人工林树干、树干基部和天然林树干、树干基部、岩面分别有苔藓植物27种、13种、12种、21种、34种,共16种群落类型;岩面生群落结构变化最复杂,随着水分条件增加向着顶蒴藓类→顶蒴藓类+苔类+侧蒴藓类→苔类+侧蒴藓类+顶蒴藓类→侧蒴藓类+苔类+顶蒴藓类方向变化;真藓(Bryum argenteum)、土生对齿藓(Didymodon vinealis)、碎米藓(Fabronia ciliaris)、灰藓(Hypnum cupressiforme)等能够适应多种生境类型并具有较宽水分生态幅度,大型苔类和侧蒴藓类如紫背苔(Plagiochasma rupestre)、直叶灰藓(Hypnum vaucheri)、灰藓凹叶变种(Hypnum cupressiforme var.lacunosum)、厚角绢藓(Entodon concinnus)在天然林区树干基部或岩面水分条件最好的微生境凸显优势地位.     

植物源昆虫拒食剂的研究与应用前景

拒食剂可以定义为能抑制昆虫取食而不直接杀死它们的化合物。昆虫常继续留在经拒食剂处理的植物上并可能因饥饿而死。大部分植物依赖次生代谢物来防御植食性昆虫。各种研究表明协同进化的压力使植物越来越能抵抗昆虫的取食。大部分植物源拒食性次生性化合物可以分为倍半萜烯内酯类、异黄酮类、苦木素类和柠檬苦素类化合物４ 大类。虽然到目前为止关于结构与生物活性间关系方面尚未建立确实的规律,但结构与生物活性间关系的研究可以为了解发生在某些昆虫的膜受体水平上的分子过程提供线索,因而可以指导分离或合成高效拒食剂。昆虫感知拒食剂化合物可以通过刺激特定昆虫的特化的拒斥感器或者干扰接收诱食刺激化合物的神经元的正常功能实现。因为植物拒食剂是天然化合物,能在自然环境中很容易地被分解,较少环境污染,因而在ＩＰＭ 中具有重要的作用。为了开发出无公害新农药,需要进一步进行其作用机制、对环境的影响、结构与生物活性间关系、高效拒食剂的合成及田间试验等方面的研究。     

回心草化学成分的研究

自云南省大理州产的大叶藓属植物回心草中分离出8个化合物。经鉴定,分别为三十三碳烷、棕榈酸、木栓酮、表木栓醇、菜子甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇及β-谷甾醇。     

广西猫街鸟类自然保护区苔藓植物初步研究

通过对采自广西西林县猫街鸟类自然保护区的413份苔藓植物标本整理和鉴定,得到该区苔藓植物33科66属153种（含亚、变种）。其中藓类植物23科53属116种,苔类植物10科13属37种,有65种为广西首次记录。其区系地理成分多样,与其他区系紧密联系。该区以东亚成分为主,占总数的32.03%,温带和热带成分所占比例也较高,反映该地具有南北过渡的特点,与其所处的地理位置相一致;中国特有成分较高,占总数的12.42%,处于我国特有种属分布中心的过渡地带上。在进行的优势科、属分析中,优势科为青藓科Brachytheciaceae、灰藓科Hyp-naceae、丛藓科Pottiaceae、曲尾藓科Dicranaceae、地萼苔科Geocalycaceae、凤尾藓科Fissidentace-ae、叶苔科Jungermanniaceae,占优势的属为凤尾藓属Fissidens、曲柄藓属Campylopus、青藓属Brachythecium、灰藓属Hypnum、叶苔属Jungermannia和异萼苔属Heteroscyphus.该地苔藓植物主要成分以热带、亚热带成分和温带成分为主,处于温带向热带过渡的地段上。     

大花旋覆花中的新倍半萜内酯

从大花旋覆花（ＩｎｕｌａｂｒｉｔａｎｎｉｃａＬ．ｖａｒ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）中分离得到了３个新倍半萜内酯化合物，应用波谱技术和化学方法确定了其结构。其中二乙酰基大花旋覆花内酯（１，６—Ｏ，Ｏ—ｄｉａｃｅｔｙｌｂｒｉｔａｎｎｉｌａｃｔｏｎｅ）显示有细胞毒活性。同时，从该植物中还得到了蒲公英醇、蒲公英醇乙酸酯、胡萝卜甙、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸甘油酯。     

苔藓植物化学成分及抑菌作用的研究进展

苔藓植物是没有维管束的陆生植物,分为藓纲、苔纲和角苔纲3类。近年来的研究表明,苔藓植物能产生萜类、黄酮类及联苄类等生物活性物质,其中许多对病原真菌和细菌具有良好的抑制作用,是天然抗菌药物的重要来源。本文主要介绍苔藓植物的化学组成及其抑菌作用的研究情况。     

香精配方5则

根据本所馆藏文献整理出香精配方５则，供读者参考：一、牙青香精（质量份）留兰香油５００薄荷素油１５０薄荷脑２００茴香脑４０丁香油３０柳酸甲酯５０麝香草酚３０／１０００二、膏霜香精（质量份）白兰花油１橡苔净油１０依兰依兰油２０树兰花浸膏１０墨红净油１茉莉香基３２苯乙醇７５十一烯醛４Ｅｖｅｒｎｙｌ３柳酸异戊酯１０柳酸己酯４０柳酸苄酯４５异甲基紫罗兰酮６０玫瑰醇２０玉簪素４０叶醇１Ｉｒｉｖａｌ２酮麝香３０佳乐麝香２０香豆素２０甲基柏木酮６０二缩丙二醇２１６／１０００三、汽水香精白柠檬香基６００柠檬香基５…     

具有抗肿瘤活性的天然萜类化合物

萜类化合物是广泛分布于植物、昆虫、微生物和海洋生物体内的一大类有机化合物，其中很多具有一定的抗肿瘤生物活性。这些抗肿瘤天然萜类化合物中分布较多的为倍半萜类的二萜类，它们分子结构中的订生物活性基团为α－亚甲基－γ－丁内酯，该文着重阐述了近年来在这一领域中的研究进展。     

薜荔叶化学成分及其活性研究

采用硅胶柱层析、ODS反相柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、半制备高效液相HPLC等色谱分离方法对薜荔（Ficus pumila）叶80%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,得到7个化合物。根据化合物的理化性质和核磁共振波谱数据比对文献,分别鉴定为：3-hydroxy-damascone (1),月桂酸乙酯（2）,马桑酸（3）,13-hydroxy-(9Z,11E,15E)-octadecatrienoic acid (4),乙基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（5）,苄醇-β-D-葡萄糖苷（6）和2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol (7)。其中化合物7为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1为首次从该植物中分离得到。抗肿瘤活性测试结果表明,化合物1对A549细胞显示出一定的抑制活性,IC50值为32.21μg/mL。抗菌活性测试结果表明,所有化合物对测试的4株人体致病菌和2株弧菌均无明显抗菌活性。     

从植物中录找农药活性物质（Ⅲ）：紫茎泽兰化学成分…

从菊科泽兰属植物紫茎泽兰茎中分到５个化合物，通过ＩＲ、ＭＳ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ，＾１３ＣＮＭＲ，＾１３ＣＮＭＲ－ＤＥＰＴ、元素分析等手段，单体分别鉴定为表木栓醇（１），豆甾醇（２），正二十八烷酸（３），β－胡罗卜甙（４），２－异丙烯基－５－乙酰基－６－羟基苯骈呋喃的乙酰化物（５），邻羟基桂皮酸（６），除豆甾醇外，其余的化合物都是首次在紫茎泽兰中发现。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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