《论语》选读(一)

《论语》是中国古代儒家的一部重要经典。是孔子弟子及后人记述孔子言行的语录体著作。全书约编定于战国初期,共有二十篇,每篇各有若干章。我们将选取《论语》中的部分章节,在本栏目内分几期刊登,以飨读者。     

“三十辐同一毂”·车制·《老子》成书时代

《老子》的成书时代 ,是学术界历来争论的焦点之一。有的学者征用《老子》书中出现的“三十辐同一毂”的记载 ,认为这种辐毂制的车子在春秋之世没有出现 ,到了战国中晚期才出现 ,所以《老子》只能产生在战国中晚期之后。本文就春秋时期辐毂等车制情况展开讨论 ,根据出土文物和有关文献资料 ,论证了春秋末期以前“三十辐同一毂”的制画实践技术的存在 ,从这一方面 ,否定了《老子》成书于战国中晚期之说 ,进一步证实《老子》成书于春秋晚期的看法     

《老子》生态道德刍议

《老子》即《道德经》,是春秋末期的思想家老子之作,虽仅有五千言,却说尽了天、地、人间的道理。《老子》内容深邃,以致后人以数千万字评注,仍意犹未尽、常释常新。《老子》是一部有生命的书,随着时代的前进,它不断地吸收当代的优秀思想,并释放出新的意义,从而形成了具有不同时     

从早期典籍所引补证传世本《老子》成书年代

《老子》现存三个版本:简本、帛书本和传世本。简本和帛书本《老子》可据墓葬的年代确定其成书下限,时间相对较为统一。而传世本《老子》的成书时间较多分歧。依据《墨子》、《列子》、《尹文子》、《韩非子》和《说苑》等早期典籍所引,可以补证其成书年代。     

郭店楚简《老子》中的假借字

1993年湖北荆门郭店出土的战国中期简本《老子》甲、乙、丙,是迄今所见年代最早的《老子》传抄本。简本中大量使用假借字、异体字,真实反映了当时楚地的用字情况,为研究汉字的发生、发展提供了重要材料。本文试对简本《老子》甲、乙、丙中所用假借字进行分类、考察,以期能对汉字发展史的研究提供一点材料。     

从《道德经》与《论语》看老子、孔子的谦虚观

谦虚是中国传统美德。《道德经》和《论语》这两部经典反映了老子与孔子的谦虚观。他们面对别人的称赞时,总是自谦地认为自己的地位十分低微。在求学和为人处事方面,二位圣贤都表现出谨慎、谦恭的态度。事实上,老子的观点是"无为而无不为",孔子的观点是"待贾者而沽"。这都表明他们渴望实现自身的社会价值。谦虚观的践行正好实现了他们这一想法。     

战国竹简《老子》第九章校注及其哲学启示

战国简本《老子》是迄今所见最接近《老子》祖本之本,通过对战国竹简《老子》第九章的校注,我们发现老子思想充满了辩证色彩,他以美与丑、善与不善、有与无、难与易、长与短、高与下、音与声、先与后等互动相生和辩证统一的自然哲学观启示世人：由于人与人之间须相互依存才能存在,因此即使是圣人也须以身为范、不能任意妄为。老子进一步认为,万物生长有其自然规律,由此推理,国家运行和社会治理也须顺其自然,一旦违反万物所“成”之道,将会遭到“不成”的反噬。     

竹简《文子》所称“经”为《老子》考

竹简《文子》二次论及＂经＂,四次提到＂传＂,学者多据此认为简本《文子》当时已称＂经＂,且分为上经、下经两篇;甚或认为简本《文子》包含了＂经＂、＂传＂、＂说＂三部分。上说皆可商榷。考之典籍可知：简本《文子》中的＂经＂非指《文子》本书,而是指《老子》;＂传＂也是指他书,具体何指,文献阙而难征。竹简《文子》的出土表明,先秦时期《老子》本书虽未题以＂经＂名,但已被他书尊称为＂经＂,取得了事实上的＂经＂的地位。     

还《老子》本来面目——《老子》的政治学学科定位

《老子》历来被定位于哲学或政治哲学书,但从本质上讲,《老子》是＂君人南面之术＂,是政治学。从政治的角度看,它不仅包括形上的政治哲学,同时也包括实践的政治理论;不仅包括政治的理想范型建构——《道经》,也包括对现实政治实践的评判与政治改革设计——《德经》。     

《被子植物的起源》中译本序言

浅间一男教授,是日本著名古植物学家,现任日本国立科学博物馆地学研究部部长。他以我国山西太原煤田的石炭二迭纪地层和古植物学资料为素材,提出一种解释植物进化发育的观点——生长迟滞论。《被子植物的起源》一书,可说是生长迟滞论观点的初步总结,对古植物学和现代植物学,都有一定的参考价值。 生长迟滞论的主要内容,已由我校沈光隆、谷祖刚和李克定同志首先介绍到国内(见古生物学报、兰川大学学报、化石)。为了检验这一观点,谷祖刚等同志已将《被子植物的起源》一书译成中文,拟在国内出版。这篇序言是浅间一男教授为该书的中译本特地写的,于今年九月寄给了沈光隆同志。为了加强中日友好、促进中日科技交流这篇序言已由谷祖刚同志译成中文,先在本刊发表。借此机会,我们向浅间一男教授表示衷心感谢。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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