长根茎类中草药收获机的试验研究

我国是中药材种植和出口大国,但目前种植中药材,特别是甘草、黄芪、防风等深根茎中药材收获时用工量大,采用机械收获时挖掘阻力大、功耗高,分离效果差、破损率高.降低了药材品质和经济效益,成为其发展扩种的瓶颈.因此,研制长根茎类中草药收获机极为必要.本文应用均匀设计方法对长根茎中草药收获机进行了室内试验,并且通过均匀设计软件3.0对试验数据进行了处理,得出了牵引阻力的回归数学模型.利用MATLAB6.5软件对数学模型运算分析,给出了优化工作参数,为根茎类作物收获机的研发提供了参考依据.     

机械化保护性耕作深松机具的研究现状与展望

在分析机械化保护耕作土壤深松的技术要求和国内外深松技术研究现状的基础上，提出了机械化保护性耕作深松技术和机具的发展方向。     

振动深松蓄水保墒技术

该项技术示范与推广的核心是多功能振动式深松机，它是由振动源(振动体)、减振系统、传动系统、支架和深松铲组成。其深松铲形状不同于其它同类产品，且强度高、耐磨，使用寿命超过国外同类产品。该机是实行保护性耕作的一种新型农机具，不仅能完成深松作业，还有收获块茎作物和根茎类中草药的辅助功能。该机适用于干旱、半干旱水资源匮乏的旱作农业区，     

振动带式根茎类药材收获机的研制

药材,对于人类的生命而言,具有举足轻重的价值。随着经济一体化和经济全球化的发展,中药也得到了举世公认的荣誉和颇受瞩目的地位。我国也随之成为中药药材出口大国,尤其是根茎类药材的出口,更是重中之重。但药材的收获,尤其是根茎类药材的收获更是困扰药材产业发展的一大难题。因根茎类药材的收获若仅依靠人工,则效率低,且药材品质的损伤率也高。因此,对药材收获机的研制与改进既是市场不断发展的客观需求,同时也是药材产业发展的必然选择。该文从以下几个方面对振动带式根茎类药材收获机的研制进行简要的探讨。     

深松覆盖对土壤性状及冬小麦产量的影响

在大田试验条件下,研究了深松覆盖、一次深翻、免耕覆盖、传统耕作对土壤性状和洛阳9769叶面积指数、干物质积累、产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:深松覆盖能显著降低土壤容重,有效打破耕作犁底层,增加土壤通透性,土壤有机质和氮、磷、钾含量明显高于传统耕作,特别是对上层土壤全氮及碱解氮和深层土壤的有效磷及速效钾的影响更为明显,并能显著提高灌浆中后期叶面积指数,有效延缓植株衰老,促进植株和籽粒干物质积累。与传统耕作相比,成熟期小麦干物质积累量提高7．35％,千粒重提高4．37％,产量提高 9．26％。     

耕作土壤人渗能力衰减机理

基于大田土壤水分入渗试验与相关参数的测定，分析了耕作土壤入渗能力衰减过程，探讨了耕作土壤入渗能力衰减机理。试验结果表明：耕作土壤的入渗能力在农业生产周期内变化较大；耕作土壤由高含水量到低含水量的变化过程中，土壤干容重呈增大趋势，土壤入渗能力呈减小趋势；作物生育期内，耕作土壤入渗能力衰减主要是由于土壤结构的变化所导致的。研究结果可为灌水技术参数的确定及水资源的合理利用提供参考。     

干旱沙区克隆植物沙鞭根茎拓殖速率的调控要素分析

干旱沙区风沙干扰与环境胁迫并存,严重威胁沙区优势根茎型克隆植物个体生长、种群更新与拓殖以及生态系统结构与功能。阐明根茎型克隆植物拓殖速率的调控要素与机制对于揭示沙生克隆植物适应对策、指导沙区植被恢复重建具有重要意义。以乌兰布和沙漠典型根茎型克隆植物沙鞭(Psammochloa villosa)为研究对象,研究不同沙埋深度下沙鞭根茎拓殖速率以及生物(根茎生物量)与非生物因素(土壤水分、土壤养分)对其的调控机制。结果表明：1)沙鞭根茎拓殖速率随沙埋深度增加显著降低(P<0.05); 2)根茎生物量随沙埋深度增加显著降低(P<0.05),沙埋通过影响根茎生物量间接影响根茎拓殖速率;3)与土壤养分相比,拓殖速率更多受土壤水分调控,具体表现为浅层土壤水分较低条件下,根茎拓殖速率显著较高。因此,在干旱沙区沙埋深度通过对根茎型克隆植物根茎生物量和土壤环境因子的影响直接或间接调控其拓殖速率。研究结果阐明了沙埋对根茎型克隆植物根茎拓殖速率的调控机制,为干旱沙区植被恢复与重建提供理论依据。     

高效节能仿生深松部件的试验

借助田鼠爪趾弯曲轮廓形状的测定结果，设计、制作了一种仿生弯曲型深松部件，通过室内大型土槽试验测定了其耕作阻力，结果表明所设计的仿生深松部件减阻效果明显。通过本文的研究为弯曲型深松部件的高效节能改进设计提供了仿生研究的基础。     

1SQ—250型全方位深松机

全方位深松是土壤耕作方式上的一次变革，用以打玻犁底层，使耕作层土壤板碎，恢复土壤结构，消除各类土壤障碍，改善农作物生长条件，形成适宜农作物生长发育的土体构造，使农作物产量每公顷平均增产１２１０ｋｇ，平均增产率为３０％。全方位深松（４０～５０ｃｍ）的深松比阻较铧式犁耕翻比阻减小３５％。本文介绍了“１ＳＱ－２５０型全方位深松机”的技术规格．主要性能特点，工艺过程及松碎土机理，生产试验结果和经济性分析等。     

早稻燥田割稻对晚稻的影响

Ⅱ.晒白、碎土和施肥与晚稻苗生长的关系前报〔注〕已阐明,一些地方早稻燥田割稻对晚稻生长有不良影响,其原因主要是土壤僵硬不易糊化,但是即使沿用烂田割稻,也还要留5～7％晒草田,而且遇到伏旱,早稻不得不采用燥田割稻,用收割机割稻也宜燥田。因此,进一步探讨早稻燥田割稻后土壤耕作措施对晚稻生长的影响,从而提供合理的土壤耕作措施是十分必要的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that