南京市绿地结构变化的遥感监测及驱动力分析

城市绿地景观是城市自然生态系统的主要组成部分.其数量、结构与城市发展和生态环境质量有着极其重要的关系.通过对南京市1988年、2000年和2002年3个时段的Landsat/TM遥感影像加工处理,将绿地景观分为生态绿化用地和农业用地,并通过景观指数的方法对其在15年间的景观格局和动态进行分析.结果表明:1988-2000年,南京市绿地景观总面积增加9.60%,斑块数减少,平均斑块面积增加,斑块形状趋向简单.聚集程度增加,总体破碎程度下降.而不同绿地景观类型变化不同:农业用地面积增加12.80%,在城区外围大规模聚集分布,破碎程度较低;生态绿化用地面积减少3.60%,小面积斑块数量大幅减少,景观形状变得更加规则,主要生态绿化用地斑块形成"孤岛"分布,破碎度呈下降趋势,景观异质性和多样性下降,绿地生态质量下降.与2000年比较,2002年城市生态绿地面积减少0.63%,农业用地减少14.60%,生态绿地景观趋向于面积较大的斑块数量减少和景观破碎化程度增加.城市绿地景观格局变化的主要原因是南京市城市化进程的加快以及城市所处自然环境变化的影响.     

对屋顶绿化的思考

屋顶绿化是一种重要的立体绿化手段,对建筑密度大、人口集中、园林绿化用地有限的城市来说,无疑是提高城市绿地覆盖率、增加绿量的有效途径之一.     

城市土地利用的热环境效应研究——以宁波城区为例

选取宁波城区为研究对象,利用高分辨率的QUICKBIRD多光谱影像数据与Landsat ETM 热红外波段数据探求城市地区土地利用类型的热环境效应。采用剖面分析方法表征宁波城区的热环境空间分异状况;通过热环境效应总体贡献指数与面积加权贡献指数定量分析各种土地利用类型对城市热环境的正负效应。结果表明宁波城区存在热岛效应,建设用地内部地表温度差异明显;工矿仓储用地、平房住宅、交通运输用地、未利用地与公共建筑用地对宁波城区热环境效应具有正向贡献,其中工矿仓储用地最为明显;水域、农用地、生活居住用地和城市绿地对于城市热环境效应具有减缓作用,其中水域最为显著。     

基于生态绿当量的玛纳斯河流域土地利用优化

绿当量核算方法为评价土地利用生态效益提供了统一性标准,实现了不同用地之间生态功能的定量分析和模型计算,可为土地利用优化提供生态化解决方案。运用生态系统理论及生态绿当量方法,设计干旱区土地覆被类型的生态功能评分标准,测算土地利用类型变化的当量分值,同时评估生态绿当量的理想状态。结果表明:(1)2000-2010年间,玛纳斯河流域绿当量比率均小于1,土地利用的生态效益趋于降低,需增加4873.3km2当量面积才能使绿当量比率达到1的标准值。(2)上游山区当量面积小但绿当量较大,应以保护和修复现有覆盖的生态功能为主;中游绿洲城市区应以增加城市绿地面积和景观功能为主;中下游绿洲农区是当量面积最大、绿当量值最小的核心,需通过土地整理和修复,重建生态功能。因此可知,生态绿当量模型对于干旱区土地利用优化具有一定的实用性,特别适用于探讨时空尺度的土地利用结构优化及调整问题。     

基于多功能景观服务的城市绿地服务半径研究——以包头市为例

城市绿地是城市"社会-经济-自然"复合生态系统的重要组成部分,城市绿地承担着越来越多的生态、经济和社会功能.本文根据多功能景观服务的概念,以内蒙古包头市建成区为研究区,选取城市绿地提供的缓解热岛效应、休闲休憩和避灾3种景观服务,对城市绿地的服务半径进行研究.结果表明:包头市城市绿地景观服务半径覆盖较好,但仍然有一些城区无法获得城市绿地提供的服务;将多功能景观服务用于研究城市绿地服务半径是一种可行的方法,为评价城市绿地质量提供了一种新的思路.     

基于集权模式的城市应急联动系统的研究

介绍了城市生态园林的概念内涵及其生态功能,提出了建设城郊一体化的大范围园林、改善城市布局和城市绿地布局、改良城市绿量结构、合理应用植物的城市生态园林建设建议。     

论城市生态园林建设

介绍了城市生态园林的概念内涵及其生态功能,提出了建设城郊一体化的大范围园林、改善城市布局和城市绿地布局、改良城市绿量结构、合理应用植物的城市生态园林建设建议。     

金华市城市绿地规划的景观生态评价及其优化

城市景观生态规划的基本原则对于城市绿地系统规划具有直接的指导作用.利用这些原则,对金华市城市绿地系统规划进行了评价,指出了其优点和存在的问题,并就其问题提出了若干规划设想,以达到优化总体景观生态格局的目的.     

基于GIS的城市建设用地生态适宜性评价——以福建省连城县为例

在我国快速城市化进程中,城市建设用地盲目扩张,不仅造成土地资源的浪费,而且造成城市生态环境的破坏.本文以GIS为技术支撑,采用"取大值"原则与"成对明智比较法"加权进行因子叠加分析,对连城县进行了城市建设用地生态适宜性评价研究.以"生态优先"为原则,按照先安排非建设用地,再安排建设用地的顺序,分析确定其用地的建设适宜性等级,对研究区划分"4区".依据评价结果,提出了城市用地向中心城区西部扩展的建议.     

我国城市绿地建设存在的问题及解决方法

城市绿地作为城市中最易感知的半自然因素,具有比较突出的生态功能、社会功能以及经济效益,能够改善城市的生态环境.从创建生态城市的一体化格局,提升城市生态设计水平,加强城市绿地生物多样性保护、构建合理植物群落、提高植物配置水平等方面探讨了城市生态绿化的思路和措施.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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