聚变堆氦冷固态增殖包层中子学分析

聚变堆固态包层框架下,针对初步设计的聚变堆氦冷固态包层进行了中子学分析。选择增殖区的氚增殖剂和中子倍增剂分层分布方案,建立了20°对称D型轮胎环全堆计算模型,对聚变中子源分布离散化处理。借助M on te-C arlo粒子输运程序M CNP对聚变堆包层的氚增殖性能和核热功率进行了计算。结果表明,堆总体氚增殖率达到1.247,核热密度峰值在赤道包层模块,能够实现聚变堆运行的氚自持条件。     

异常核现象研究正稳步前进——第二届国际冷聚变年会纪实

1991年6月29日到7月4日,第二届国际冷聚变年会在意大利米兰附近的Como湖浜召开。来自中、美、意、日、英、苏、德、印、西、匈、罗等国的220余人进行了5天热烈的讨论,得到的印象是:“冷聚变”研究正在争论中稳步前进。一、产氚实验在盐湖城“国家冷聚变研究所”多次重复。该所所长威尔(F Will)报告了用电解法和气相充氘法产氚的实验结果。威尔强调了随时测定比值氘/钯的重要性,他指出只要此比值大于0.85则必定能产氚。他4次实验,4次重复。他提到了一种多步充氘法(Multiple-step Procedure)可使此比值接近1,但是避而不谈具体内容,只是说要经过2～4天的电解才能实现,产生的氚大约为氘中原有含氚量的50倍。即4.3×10~(10)～1.1×10~(11)氚原子/厘米~2,平均产氚率大致相当于5.8×10~4～2×10~5氚原子/厘米~2/ 秒)。而在普通水电解实     

CFETR物理与工程研究进展

磁约束聚变是利用磁场将氘和氚燃料以等离子体的形式约束并发生聚变反应,被认为有希望彻底解决人类的能源问题.中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR)是中国磁约束聚变发展路线图规划的下一个托卡马克聚变装置,其运行将分为两个阶段:第一阶段实现200 MW聚变功率、氚自持的稳态运行;第二阶段实现1000 MW聚变功率并示范聚变电能输出. CFETR将着力解决ITER与DEMO之间存在的物理与工程技术难题,包括实现氘氚聚变稳态运行、公斤级氚的增殖与循环自持、能长时间承受高热负荷与强中子辐照的材料技术等,为我国2050年前后独立自主建设聚变电站奠定坚实的基础.     

ITER第一壁、偏滤器靶板和壁的热负荷计算

ITER-FEAT是国际热核聚变实验堆设计,除了继续演示聚变物理和D-T燃烧的科学可行性外,更重要的是为了演示包层整体组合、氚增殖、氚回收、氚泄漏等工程问题。在设计包层时,需要进行中子学计算得到氚增殖率、辐射损伤率、活化放射性强度、磁体及其屏蔽厚度的计算、核加热产生率和冷却系统设计和安排的必要数据,而这一切都必须先知道第一壁和偏滤器靶板的中子壁负荷(即中子功率通量)和热负荷;为此作了必要的先行准备计算工作。     

裂变—聚变混合堆概念：关于先进反应堆的一个新思路

提出了裂变聚变混合堆概念，它与人们熟知的聚变裂变混合堆概念具有本质区别．在此概念中，把６ＬｉＤ元件引入到常规的热中子反应堆的堆芯中，使得在发生常规热中子链式反应的同时，还引发了氘氚聚变反应和（ｎ，２ｎ）、（ｎ，３ｎ）中子倍增及（ｎ，ｃ）中子俘获反应，从而获得燃料增殖．如果此概念得以研究开发并付诸实现，有可能使核资源寿命延长数倍     

聚变能源中氚安全研究进展及展望

氚安全是聚变堆安全的核心内容,对聚变堆从研究走向实现聚变能源有着至关重要的影响,是建设聚变堆前必须回答的问题.本文针对聚变堆中大规模氚应用场景,从氚分布、包容、处理、人类及环境安全等方面综述了当前的研究进展,结合我国磁约束聚变能源发展路线图,提出针对聚变能发展的氚安全发展路线设想,并给出氚安全需重点突破的关键科学问题、技术问题及工程问题建议.     

聚变-裂变增殖堆包层的初步中子学设计

 基于国际热核实验堆ITER的堆芯参数和套管结构,对聚变-裂变增殖堆包层的进行了初步中子学设计。基于国际热核实验堆的堆芯参数提出了采用套管结构,以天然金属铀为燃料和硅酸锂为氚增殖剂的快裂变-增殖堆包层的初步中子学设计设计方案。使用FENDL 2.1核数据库及MCNP程序自带的核数据库,用MCNP程序对套管结构快裂变-增殖堆包层进行一维的方案筛选及三维中子学的计算分析。计算分析包层内的一维功率密度分布、产氚率、钚增殖率分布,通过优化设计分析给出合理的包层设计方案,并计算氚增殖率TBR、能量放大倍数M、有效增值系数k_eff、裂变增殖比等参数。     

产生快中子的长寿命氚化钛靶

中子束诊断技术在先进制造业、炸药、走私吕检查、医疗和其它工业中都得到了广泛的应用。在轰击能量低的情况下，产生高通量快中子的最佳核反应是＾３Ｈ（ｄ，ｎ）＾４Ｈｅ，即ｄ－Ｔ反应。现在运用ｄ－Ｔ反应的中子发生器的寿命受轰击是氚气从靶上逐渐释出的限制。本文是一篇研究限制氚束粒子取代氚束粒子取代氚，从而防止氚气释放造成中子产额减少的工作进展报告。可以预计，利用固定在高氢热扩散率基片上，如铌基础上的薄氚钛靶，     

圆管内液态金属磁流体的一种迭代数值模拟法

聚变发电反应堆液态包层概念设计中,液态金属由于较好的热传导性、良好的中子性能和在线提氚等优势常作为氚增殖剂和冷却剂应用于包层中.然而液态金属在磁约束强磁场环境下流动引起的磁流体动力学(MHD)效应,直接影响着包层热效率和热工水力设计的可行性.文章通过一种迭代数值模拟方法对包层中液态金属磁流体建立数学模型,用有限差分迭代...     

ITER中国固态TBM中子倍增剂和氚增殖剂布置优化

在国际热核实验堆(internationalthermonuclearexperimentreactor,ITER)中国氦冷固态实验包层模块(testblanketmodule,TBM)的初步设计的模型基础上,选择不同的中子增殖剂和氚增殖剂体积比,利用粒子输运程序MCNP(MonteCarloN-particletransportcode)对该TBM物理性能进行了研究。根据均匀混和模型的结果,在Be和Li4SiO4的体积比为2至6之间,氚增殖率最大可达1.20。因此,采用Be和Li4SiO4夹层布置,在几何上逼近最优体积比,选择前端Be和Li4SiO4体积比为2时,氚增殖率达到1.158,能够较好地满足聚变运行的氚自持条件。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with