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文章对跨越大足重力高和龙门山褶皱带的重庆-黑水重力剖面作了解释。解释时根据深地震测深和面波频散层析成像的结果,用二维模型进行正演拟合。根据计算结果得出:在作区域重力异常解释时,除要考虑莫霍面及其以上各密度层的影响外,尚应考虑上地幔顶部的密度变化。 相似文献
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Crustal P-wave velocity structure in Lower Yangtze region: Reinterpretation of Fuliji-Fengxian deep seismic sounding profile 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
BAI Zhiming WANG Chunyong 《科学通报(英文版)》2006,51(19):2391-2400
A deep seismic sounding profile in this paper, from Fuliji in Anhui Province to Fengxian of Shanghai City, is located at eastern China (Fig. 1). The field work was jointly accomplished by the Chinese Geological and Mineral Bureau, the China Seismological … 相似文献
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HUANGJinli ZHAODapeng 《科学通报(英文版)》2005,50(6):544-552
A detailed 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust and uppermost mantle under the capitol region is determined with a spatial resolution of 25 km in the horizontal direction and 4-17 km in depth. We used 48750 precise P-wave arrival time data from 2973 events of local crustal earthquakes, controlled seismic explosions and quarry blasts. These events were recorded by 123 seismic stations. The data are analyzed by using a 3-D seismic tomography method. Our tomographic model provides new information on the geological structure and complex seismotectonics of this region. Different patterns of velocity structures show up in the North China Basin, the Taihangshan and the Yanshan Mountainous areas. The velocity images of the upper crust reflect well the surface geological, topographic and lithological features. In the North China Basin, the depression and uplift areas are imaged as slow and fast velocity belts, respectively, which are oriented in NE-SW direction. The trend of velocity anomalies is the same as that of major structure and tectonics. Paleozoic strata and Pre-Cambrian basement rocks outcrop widely in the Taihangshan and Yanshan uplift areas, which exhibit strong and broad high-velocity anomalies in our tomographic images, while the Quaternary intermountain basins show up as small low-velocity anomalies. Most of large earthquakes, such as the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (M 7.8) and the 1679 Sanhe earthquake (M 8.0), generally occurred in high-velocity areas in the upper to middle crust. However, in the lower crust to the uppermost mantle under the source zones of the large earthquakes, low-velocity and high-conductivity anomalies exist, which are considered to be associated with fluids, just like the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M 7.2) and the 2001 Indian Bhuj earthquake (M 7.8). The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the large crustal earthquakes. 相似文献
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冯世瑄 《中国石油大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(6)
泥浆浸泡作用能提高井壁岩石的纵波声速,但只对含气岩石的作用明显。采用VSP 法对已受泥浆浸泡接近饱和的井壁岩石纵波声速和未受泥浆浸泡的深入井壁稍远的岩石纵波声速进行比较,从而得以明确气层在该井深处是否存在。 相似文献
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利用浅层地震仪采集地震反射波,用常规地震处理软件,采用波场分离法处理地震剖面,以纵横波综合勘探的方法,尝试在城市进行活断层调查。 相似文献
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利用通用有限元程序ANSYS建立了某大型复杂钢结构厂房的三维空间有限元模型,完成了其整体结构的动力学特性分析,还根据现有7级地震记录对其施加了横向、纵向和斜向地震激励,分别做时间历程分析,并对计算结果做了相应的对比.最后结合结构抗震规范的相关条文,对该钢结构厂房的抗震性能进行了综合评定,结果表明其满足7级抗震要求.分析结果可为工程师们设计类似结构提供相应的依据. 相似文献
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利用布设在山东省境内的宽频带流动地震观测台阵和国家地震局固定地震观测台站记录的地震数据,应用接收函数和SKS波分裂方法,研究山东地区的地壳与上地幔结构,得到该区域的地壳厚度、地壳平均P波与S波的波速比以及SKS波分裂延迟的分布情况。结果表明,山东地区地壳厚度范围为28~39km;胶南隆起的北段和南段以及鲁西隆起北侧济阳凹陷的地壳厚度小于32km,鲁西隆起下方的地壳比较厚。研究区P波与S波的波速比主要分布在1.67~1.94之间,鲁西隆起西南部和胶南隆起北段该比值小于1.75,可能是由中上地壳增厚以及下地壳减薄和拆沉造成。鲁西隆起南北P波与S波的波速比差异反映地壳活动的差异。地幔物质的各向异性显示,山东地区西部的地壳减薄和拆沉可能仍在进行。 相似文献
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利用接收函数方法研究大盈江断裂两侧S波速度结构 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用研究区(24.2°~25.2°N,97.5°~98.5°E)内大盈江断裂两侧5个流动数字地震台站记录到的宽频带远震P波波形数据进行接收函数反演,得到台站下方0~100km深度范围内地壳、上地幔S波速度细结构.结果表明:研究区内,以大盈江断裂为界,其西北侧Moho面深度约为38km;东南侧Moho面深度为40~42km.断裂两侧地壳、上地幔S波速度结构存在显著差异,东南侧台站下方地壳和上地幔均存在大范围低速区;西北侧台站下方地壳内存在低速层,而上地幔中无明显低速层.研究区内的S波速度结构存在明显的横向非均匀性. 相似文献
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在中国大陆东部地区,松辽、渤海湾和苏北等—系列中、新生代大中型含油气盆地与郯庐断裂具有密切的时空关系。郯庐断裂活动是邻近地区断裂变形、深部物质作用、岩石圈减薄、岩浆作用以及盆地形成和演化的主要控制因素。断裂活动和盆地动力学过程可以分为3个阶段。①在印支至早燕山运动期间,由于太平洋板块向北西俯冲,郯庐断裂发生大规模左行压扭活动。在松辽地区,派生的应力场使早期的地壳断裂成为郯庐断裂的分支,并发生张剪变形;在渤海湾和苏北地区,早期的两组剪切断裂联合成北凸的弧形断裂。由于断裂的触发与减压作用,地壳上部进一步张裂,形成断陷盆地。②从晚侏罗世开始至早白垩世,太平洋板块的俯冲作用时强时弱,郯庐断裂压扭与拉张裂陷交替进行。同时,由于重力均衡和深部幔隆的收缩作用,使松辽盆地整体下沉,渤海湾和苏北地区仍是幔隆和断陷盆地形成时期。③新生代期间,郯庐断裂分段活动,由于印度板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞效应,渤海湾、苏北地区和郯庐断裂带南段共同受到北西—南东方向的伸展变形,地幔再次拱升,渤海湾和苏北盆地形成 相似文献
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基于中国地震局地质研究所在中国四川西部布设的流动地震观测台阵数据,用近年发展起来的虚拟地表震源反射测深方法研究川滇地区的地壳结构。结果表明,川滇地块、松潘-甘孜地块和杨子地块3个地块虚拟地表震源反射测深的莫霍面深度存在明显差异:1)四川盆地为40 km左右;2)川滇地块为45~50 km;3)松潘-甘孜地块为30~40 km。四川盆地虚拟地表震源反射测深的莫霍面深度与艾里重力均衡模型所预测的结果基本上一致,而川滇地块和松潘-甘孜地块虚拟地表震源反射测深的莫霍面深度明显小于前人得到的接收函数莫霍面深度和艾里重力均衡模型预测的结果。可能与四川盆地地壳结构简单,而川滇地块及松潘-甘孜地块地壳结构复杂有关。同时,结果显示,在鲜水河断裂和安宁河断裂处虚拟地表震源反射测深的莫霍面深度明显变浅,可能与这些深大断裂处地幔物质的上涌有关。研究结果可为认识青藏高原东南缘的构造变形模式提供新的约束。 相似文献
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通过数值模拟分析,定量讨论震源区附近高速异常、接收区附近低速异常以及目标区浅部局地波速异常对三叉震相反演一维波速结构的影响, 结果说明波速横向变化在传统的一维波速结构反演中会产生与异常体相同量级的波速异常假象。提出一种借助区域或全球层析成像结果定量地消除波速横向变化对利用三叉震相走时进行一维波速结构反演影响的解决方案。利用射线追踪法进行的测试计算表明, 提出的计算方法能有效地消除波速横向变化对计算结果的影响, 使得反演结果更接近于真实结构。 相似文献
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本文给出了多层180°畴结构中铁电畴层表面波的理论分析,得出了色散方程和色散曲线.发现当层数N很大时,多模色散曲线形成一个色散带.文中分析了三种典型的色散曲线. 相似文献
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复杂断块构造的地应力场研究——以海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷希3断块为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据贝尔凹陷希3断块的井孔崩落资料以及差应变和波速各向异性法得到的地应力测量数据,采用有限元约束优化反演法,对希3断块的三维地应力场进行了模拟,探讨了断层对地应力场的影响以及断块构造的地应力分布特征.研究结果表明:断层附近的地应力分布主要受邻近断层的影响,且与扰乱程度、断层的几何尺寸和距离断层的远近等因素相关.不同类型断层的纵向延伸加剧了纵向上地应力场分布的复杂性.这一现象在单断式断块油气藏有所体现,在双断式、三断式以及断阶式断块油气藏中表现得尤为突出;断层对应力方向的扰动作用在弹性模量高的硬地层中更为剧烈.离散"点"的实测值不能全面反映断块构造应力场全貌,三维数值模拟是断块油气藏地应力场定量分析的有效手段. 相似文献
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利用新近发展起来的台阵网格自动事件定位方法, 对鄂尔多斯地块及秦岭-大别造山带区域136个宽频带流动台站记录的连续波形进行扫描和定位。通过与地震目录的对比发现, 不仅在常规地震带上分布着大量的事件, 而且在地震目录中极少发生地震的区域出现大量地震事件集中分布的现象。这些事件主要分布于鄂尔多斯地块南部以及秦岭-大别造山带附近的断层带。经过对定位台站的抽样分析和对定位事件地震波形的仔细人工确认, 验证了这些被扫描并定位的事件的真实性。通过慢度分析, 获得所定位事件的面波传播视速度, 绝大部分事件对应的视速度在2.5~5.2 km/s之间, 与地震面波群速度相符。所定位的地震事件可用于补充秦岭-大别造山带的地震目录, 同时可以通过进一步的波形拟合来分析其震源机制。 相似文献
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Yaoling Niu 《科学通报(英文版)》2009,54(22):4148-4160
Basaltic magmatism that builds intra-plate ocean islands is often considered to be genetically associated with "hotspots" or "mantle plumes". While there have been many discussions on why ocean island basalts (OIB) are geochemically highly enriched as an integral part of the mantle plume hypothesis, our current understanding on the origin of OIB source material remains unsatisfactory, and some prevailing ideas need revision. One of the most popular views states that OIB source material is recycled oceanic crust (ROC). Among many problems with the ROC model, the ocean crust is simply too depleted (e.g., [La/Sm]PM 〈1) to be source material for highly enriched (e.g., [La/Sm]pM 〉〉 1) OIB, Another popular view states that the enriched component of OIB comes from recycled continental crust (RCC, i.e.; terrigenous sediments). While both CC and OIB are enriched in many incompatible elements (e.g., both have [La/Sm]PM 〉〉1), the CC has characteristic enrichment in Pb and deletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. Such signature is too strong to be eliminated such that CC is unsuitable as source material for OIB. Plate tectonics and mantle circulation permit the presence of ROC and RCC materials in mantle source regions of basalts, but they must be volumetrically insignificant in contributing to basalt magmatism. The observation that OIB are not only enriched in incompatible elements, but also enriched in the progressively more incompatible elements indicates that the enriched component of OIB is of magmatic origin and most likely associated with low-degree melt metasomatism. H2O and CO2 rich incipient melt may form in the seismic low velocity zone (LVZ). This melt will rise because of buoyancy and concentrate into a melt rich layer atop the LVZ to metasomatize the growing lithosphere, forming the metasomatic vein lithologies. Erupted OIB melts may have three components: (1) fertile OIB source material from depth that is dominant, (2) the melt layer, and (3) assimilation of the metasomatic vein lithologies formed earlier in the growing/grown lithosphere. It is probable that the fertile source material from depth may be (or contain) recycled ancient metasomatized deep portions of oceanic lithosphere. In any attempt to explain the origin of mantle isotopic end-members as revealed from global OIB data, we must (1) remember our original assumptions that the primitive mantle (PM) soon after the core separation was compositionally uniform/homogeneous with the core playing a limited or no role in causing mantle isotopic heterogeneity; (2) not use OIB isotopes to conclude about the nature and compositions of ultimate source materials without understanding geochemical consequences of subduction zone metamorphism; and (3) ensure that models and hypotheses are consistent with the basic petrology and major/trace element geochemistry. 相似文献
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Collapse ratios of buildings due to the 1995 Kobe earthquake and interference between S-wave and the second surface wave at basin edge 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
ZHAOZhixin XUJiren RyujiKubota WakizawaYasuhiko KajikawaSyozo 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(2):189-195
The distribution characteristics of collapse ratios of buildings in Kobe city due to the 1995 M7.2 Hyogo-ken Nanbu, Japan (Kobe) earthquake and the interferenres due to SH or P-SV and the second surface waves propagating in heterogeneous medium are discussed in this paper by using numerical simulation technique of wave equation. The staggered grid real value fast Fourier transform differentiation (SGRFFTD) is used in the pseudospectral method of ground motion simulations because of its speed, high stability and accuracy. The results show that the maximum amplitude of simulated acceleration waveforms on the ground coincides well with the complicated distributions of collapse ratios of buildings. The peak collapse ratio of buildings away from the earthquake fault also coincides well with the peak ground acceleration. The spatial interference process is analyzed by using the snap shots of seismic wave propagation. The peak ground acceleration is probably caused by the interferences due to the second surfare wave transmitting from the bedrock to sedimentary basin and the upward body wave. Analyses of the interference process show that seismic velocity structure and geologic structure strongly influence the distribution of the maximum amplitude of acceleration waveforms. Interferences occurring near the basin boundary are probably the cause of the peak collapse ratio of buildings away from the fault. Therefore it is necessary to analyze wave propagations and interference process using numerical simulation strategy for studies on the seismic disasters. 相似文献
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Boussinesq型方程对三维非线性波传播的数值模拟 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
该文建立了适宜于相对水深和复杂地形的非线性波传播的三维数学模型,模型包括任意水深点流场与波动净压力场的求解。在均匀水深条件下就不同波高、水深及波长的组合对推进波的波面、流速场和波动净压力场进行了全面数值模拟。将计算结果与解析解或物模实验结果进行对比,表明模型能较好地模拟各种组合下波浪传播的波动特征以及复杂地形上非线性波的传播。 相似文献
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采用求解非线性全局优化问题的模拟退火法作为反演手段 ,对面波波形进行反演 ,研究青藏高原地壳上地幔速度结构。通过青藏高原的面波波形振幅谱显示出在周期为 2 0 s和4 0 s时存在两个极小值 ,这可能是由地壳中存在低速层引起的。面波波形反演得到的速度模型也证实了青藏高原在 2 0 km深度左右普遍存在低速层 ;喜马拉雅山造山带在 6 0 km深度附近也存在一低速层。壳内低速层是青藏高原变形及隆升过程最重要的动力学边界条件之一 相似文献