功能晶体导热性能影响因素的理论分析与预测

应用微观导热理论，依据功能晶体导热系数实测数据，得到了功能晶体导热系数与平均原子密度和平均相对原子质量之间的关联式，并给出了Ⅲ－Ⅴ族化合物半导体和碳化物晶体关联式中的常数，为这类晶体导热系数的预测提供了一种依据和方法。     

地热浅埋孔回填材料中砂粒结构对导热系数的影响

地热浅埋孔回填材料的导热系数是影响地埋管换热器取热性能的关键因素之一。目前以一定配比的砂粒骨料与水泥、粘土、石英等的混合材料最常见,而材料中颗粒的结构形态是影响回填材料导热系数的关键因素之一。本文以回填材料中砂粒骨料为研究对象,从结构特征出发,探究内部颗粒级配及磨圆度对回填材料导热系数的影响。利用所开发的基于孔隙率的二维导热系数计算模型及三维热阻模型,定量研究不同固相导热系数、不同颗粒物粒级配及不同棱角磨圆度下,材料导热系数的变化规律。结果表明,在颗粒级配和磨圆度不变的情况下,材料整体的导热系数随固相导热系数的增加而增加。同一材料不同尺寸粒径间的差别较大时更易获得更高的整体有效导热系数,且粒径不同所造成的回填材料有效导热系数差别会随着固体导热系数的增大而变得更为显著。而磨圆度不同所造成的有效导热系数差异会随固体导热系数的增大而变得更为显著。颗粒磨圆度很高（球体）或很低（锥体）时,同样固相导热系数下材料的有效导热系数较小。本研究所得理论结果可以为回填材料的优选配置提供依据,有助于提高地埋管换热器的取热效率及地热能利用效率。     

稳态热流计法导热仪测试人造板导热系数

叙述了稳态热流计法导热仪测试人造板导热系数的原理和方法，讨论分析和比较了两种人造板的测试结果。结果表明：稳态热流计法导热仪具有稳定时间短、测试方便等优点，可用于测定固体材料、纤维材料和多孔隙材料的导热系数。     

几何边界条件对导热系数测量值的影响

在用稳态法对不良导体导热系数测量的实验中，发现样品的几何边界条件对导热系数的测量值是有很大影响的，在工程学上一般认为当扁圆柱形样品的厚度小于半径的1／10时，这一影响就可忽略。但实验指出，可忽略的几何边界条件受样品本身的导热性制约。本研究可以对未知材料的导热性先给出粗略的判断，然后再确定适于实验的样品的几何边界条件，以提高测量的精确度。     

颗粒堆积床接触导热的数值分离和分析

为了分析不同固体-流体导热系数比下接触导热对有效导热系数的影响,提出了基于孔隙尺度的接触导热的数值分离方法,在不同固体-流体导热系数比(6～4 400)下对简单立方结构堆积床中的接触导热进行了数值分析。当忽略接触导热时,计算模型中相邻颗粒之间的接触点采用间隙处理;当考虑接触导热时,计算模型中相邻颗粒之间的接触点采用短圆柱连接处理,接触导热通过这两种模型计算结果的差值获得。研究发现,有效导热系数随温度变化的趋势受接触导热的影响显著。考虑接触导热并且固体-流体导热系数比很大时,固相导热起主导作用;忽略接触导热时,流体导热起主导作用。随着固体-流体导热系数比的增大,接触导热对有效导热系数的贡献显著增大;当固体-流体导热系数比大于150时,接触导热对有效导热系数的贡献起主导作用。     

用探针法测定材料的导热系数

根据线热源理论，设计制作了用于测定材料导热系数的探针，研究了接触热阻、加热功率和加热时间对测定导热系数的影响。用探针测定了松散材料、保温材料、土壤和地下岩心的导热系数，实验研究表明。探针法测导热系数具有快速、简便的特点，是测定土壤和保温材料导热系数的有效方法。     

氩晶体导热性质的低维效应

为研究维数降低对材料导热性质的影响规律,采用非平衡分子动力学方法研究了60~120K氩晶体体材料和理想一维及二维低维结构材料的导热性质。计算得到氩晶体低维材料的热导率明显高于体材料的值,这不同于常规意义上由于界面等因素对载热粒子的散射作用而导致材料热导率减小的尺寸效应。氩晶体理想二维材料较之体材料的热导率有成倍的提高,而理想一维材料较之体材料热导率的增加可达到数十至数百倍。研究还表明低维材料导热性质的低维效应在较高的温度条件下更为显著。     

用探针法测定材料的导热系数

根据线热源理论，设计制作了用于测定材料导热系数的探讨，研究了接触热阻，加热功率和加时间对测定导热系数的影响，用探针测定了松散材料、保温材料、土壤和地下岩心的导热系数，实验研究表明，探针法测导热系数具有快速、简便的特点，是测定土壤和保温材料导系数的有效方法。     

第三类边界条件中对流换热系数对非稳态导热问题解的影响

对第三类边界条件中所使用的对流换热系数应用于非稳态导热过程存在的问题从理论上进行探讨，通过计算分析表明，采用平均对流换热系数α作为边界条件参数应用于计算过程将使解产生较大的误差。     

三通道同心套管导热与对流耦合换热的数值模拟

采用整体求解法对常物性的冷、热流体在三通道同心套管中层流逆流流动时的导热与对流耦合传热问题，进行了数值模拟．结果表明，3个通道除各自的入口段局部努塞尔数Nu沿通道变化外，其后均为充分发展段，局部Nu保持不变，且通道内侧的换热比外侧好．固体与流体的导热系数之比λsf对耦合换热产生影响，耦合情况下的Nu比均匀热流边界条件下的Nu要小，随λsf的减小，固壁内的导热对Nu的影响加大．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has