基于贝叶斯网络的停车收费政策评价

应用K2算法和贝叶斯参数估计方法,进行了贝叶斯网络的结构和参数学习,建立了停车行为分析的贝叶斯网络。应用连接树传播算法推断停车费率影响下的停车开始时间、停车时长和停车场类型等选择行为的变化,预测停车收费政策的实施效果,评价政策的可行性.结果表明:随着停车费率的提高,停车者更趋向于选择短时间停车;对不同时段和不同停车场类型实施不均衡收费制度,即高峰停车费率大于非高峰停车费率,路内停车费率大于路外停车费率,可以促使停车者选择非高峰时段停车和路外停车.     

城市中心路内停车与停车换乘的动态优化模型

城市中心区停车问题与交通拥堵问题密切相关,也与停车换乘(P+R)问题相关,交通流、路边停车和P+R需要统一模型研究。为此,建立考虑交通流的城市中心路内停车与P+R的动态优化模型。短期最优流率模型考虑到路内停车位会减少正常行驶车辆的道路空间,而且巡航停车会和其它车辆产生拥堵,为此,需要加快路内停车周转率,将路内停车资源与交通流协同管理。短期停车容量模型利用Stackelberg博弈：在政府追求社会总成本最小和私人运营商追求利润最大的基础上,出行者追求用户出行成本最小。研究表明,在需求固定的情况下,随着车辆停放时间的增加,路内停车费与P+R停车费都在不断下降,路内停车容量在不断减少,而P+R停车容量不断增加,说明如果选择短时停车或者临时停车,可以选择路内停车;而如果选择长时间停车,可以选择P+R停车。在需求远大于供给时,路内停车将演化为车道控制。     

基于无差异阈值的停车设施定价模型

为探求垄断市场下停车设施的最优定价机制,建立了考虑无差异阈值和车位占用率的停车设施定价双层规划模型,上层模型决策者的目标是最大收益和最优车位占用率,下层方式选择模型假设出行者是有限理性的,即假设如果方式间的效用差小于无差异阈值时,出行者的方式选择是随机的;若方式间的成本差大于无差异阈值,出行者的选择将服从随机效用最大化。采用某通勤廊道作为算例背景对所提出的模型进行求解。结果表明,经营者在考虑无差异阈值和不考虑无差异阈值时的定价策略是不同的,且无差异阈值的大小会影响停车场的最优定价。此外,考虑了车位占用率的定价策略,能够使停车资源的利用更加合理。     

基于Android手机的路内停车车位查询系统开发

在Android手机终端上开发出一款路内停车车位查询系统,停车用户可以通过多种查询方式,非常方便的在手机上查询到目的地附近路段的停车信息,根据所得到的停车信息,用户可以针对性的选择感兴趣的停车路段,通过百度地图定位,了解该路段的具体位置,从而规划自己的出行线路,此基于Android手机的路内停车车位查询系统将会给广大的停车用户带来极大的方便.     

考虑车位占用率的机场停车场收费定价模型

由于航空旅客小汽车出行需求的持续增长,机场停车需求不断增加,进而导致机场停车场出现了供需不平衡的状况,本文基于收益管理思想,以期望车位占用率和停车场收益最大化为决策目标,建立了机场停车场收费定价的双层规划模型,基于随机用户均衡原则,建立了航空旅客出行方式选择模型作为双层规划模型的下层模型,并根据所建立的模型设计了相应的求解算法,而后通过算例验证了所提出的模型和算法的可行性。结果表明,在定价时,考虑停车场的容量和车位占用率,能够使停车资源得到更好的利用。     

基于弹性需求和动态定价的共享泊位分配

为解决共享车位管理中的车位分配与定价问题,本文考虑价格变化对于用户不同停车时长选择的影响,分析在不同停车收费标准下用户停车时长选择的概率,并采用多项式拟合得到精细化的共享停车需求价格弹性函数。进而,为实现停车场价格的动态调整与车位分配,以平台收益最大与用户步行距离最小为目标,构建基于弹性需求和动态定价的泊位分配非线性混合整数规划模型,并设计了遗传算法。最后,本文设计了包含3个停车场共1000个泊位、共享平台运营时长为3h的算例,对模型及算法加以验证,通过对比分析,基于弹性需求和动态定价的共享泊位分配方案相比于静态定价,实现平台收益增加19%且满足了大部分停车需求,说明动态定价下共享泊位分配模型及算法的有效性,为共享平台的车位管理提供了新思路。     

居住区共享停车场运营策略

为缓解城市停车供需不平衡的困境,将居住区内空闲时段的车位共享的停车管理模式引起了广泛关注.然而,在共享车位管理策略的制定方面,对如何避免返回的车位提供者与社会停车用户之间的停车时空冲突问题却重视不足.在总结和考虑车位提供者不同的返回规律的前提下,以停车场内共享车位的共享率和管理者的收益最大化为目标,构建相应的居住区车位共享运营策略的数学优化模型.通过数值实验对构建的模型的有效性进行分析.结果表明:当管理者拒绝用户冲突时,若车位提供者的返回速率与社会停车用户离开速率相近时,变更共享策略时间逐渐趋于稳定;当管理者可接受一定概率用户冲突时,停车场内总车位数量越多,则越需要将变更共享策略时间提前.     

基于非齐次泊松过程的共享停车场运营策略

为缓解因城市某些地区、某些时间段停车供需不平衡的问题,将居住区内空闲车位进行共享的解决方法已引起多方的关注。在居住区实施共享停车时,需考虑车位提供者与社会停车用户的时空冲突问题。本文首先基于实际停车行为数据,假设车位提供者返回过程呈非齐次泊松过程;其次,以居住区共享停车为运营场景,居住区停车场车位共享率和管理者收益最大化为目标,构建了相应的数学优化模型;最后,设计了粒子群求解算法,通过数值实验,分析该场景下的最优运营策略。结果表明：(1)社会停车用户的最大离开速率在其占车位总数的四分之一左右时,管理者总收益最大;(2)随着车位提供者车位返回速率突变时间的改变,要使得总收益及车位共享率最优,第一阶段变更共享策略时间设置在车位提供者返回速率突变时间前三十分钟内,第二阶段变更共享策略时间应设置在车位提供者返回速率突变时间后一小时五十分钟以内为宜。     

城市路内停车设施选址优化模型

分析了路内停车泊位供给和需求的影响因素,综合考虑路内停车场的服务能力和利用率、泊车者的步行距离以及路内泊位的建设费用等因素,建立了路内泊位选址优化模型,并运用遗传算法进行求解.算例结果表明所提出的方法是有效的,可为路内泊位选址研究提供参考,也可为实际管理规划工作提供决策支持.     

路内停车价格与泊位数量的组合优化

提出了"停车服务水平"指标来描述路内停车场能够提供停车服务的概率,建立了考虑泊位利用率的停车服务水平最大化的整数优化模型,从停车价格和停车泊位数两个方面来优化调整路内停车的收费方案。以广州市一个路内停车场为例,验证了指标参数和模型的有效性和合理性。同时,研究表明:不合理的停车价格与泊位数组合会导致经营者与车主的利益均受损。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.