航天诱变凤仙花嵌合突变体（SP2）的形态及减数分裂的观察

在航天诱变凤仙花的SP2代中，得到一株枝叶嵌合突变体．该嵌合突变体的两类枝条在许多性状存在明显差异．突变枝条的减数分裂严重异常，而正常枝条的减数分裂受突变枝生长情况的影响而表现不同程度的异常．本文对嵌合突变体正常枝的性状恢复的可能原因进行了分析，认为原突变株多个性状的改变可能是控制枝叶，花器发生以及减数分裂代谢途径的上游基因发生了突变而表现的基因多效性，而嵌合体上正常枝条性状的恢复可能是由基因的回复突变造成的．     

卫星搭载凤仙花种子诱发的变异及品种选育

研究了“神舟”4号搭载的凤仙花种子的细胞和形态学变异,在SP1代发现小孢子母细胞减数分裂时出现染色体断片、染色体桥和落后染色体。在院3突变株小孢子中的染色体数目呈现大量的非减半变化,其染色体数目为1～28条不等。小孢子的形状和大小变化明显,且小孢子的大小与所含染色体的数目呈正相关。花粉的大小和育性与减数分裂的异常有某种联系。在四分孢子期的小孢子数目有多分孢子,即小孢子数除4个外,尚含有5～10个不等,个别的有三分孢子。在SP2代发现子叶形态和数量的变化;真叶除披针形外,还有短圆形、长柳叶形;另外还发现顶花叶化和顶端叶呈蔷薇花状等。通过多代的选择,已选育出“西航”1号、“西航”2号凤仙花新品种。     

羊草（EYNUS CHINENSIS （Trin）Kitag.）的小孢子发生和雄配子体形成

本文研究了羊草小孢子发育和雄配子体,主要结论如下：（1）小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为连续型，四分孢子为平面型，单核小孢子第一次有丝分裂形成生殖细胞和营养细胞，它们之间有明显的细胞壁，对PAS染色和苯胺兰染色诱导荧光均呈负反应，成熟花粉粒为三细胞，细胞内贮藏丰富淀粉粒。（2）药壁发育为单子叶型，绒毡层细胞属分泌型，母细胞减数分裂时绒毡层细胞具一或二核，在单核小孢子早期，绒毡层细胞有向花药腔肥大增生和绒毡层细胞互相融合形成变形绒毡层的现象。     

动物孤雌生殖的遗传表现

在动物界尤其在无脊椎动物中如蚜虫、果蝇、蜜蜂，脊椎动物中如蜥蜴都发现有孤雌生殖．所谓孤雌生殖是指只有一个雌性个体的动物产生子代的生殖方式，这种生殖方式既可以是无性生殖但更多的是有性生殖．故其遗传表现也是复杂的各种各样的，总起来可有四种情况．１　孤雌生殖的无性繁殖后代的遗传表现这种无性繁殖是指只有一个个体不经过有性过程和减数分裂能够产生下一代的生殖方式．这种繁殖方式在原生动物等单细胞的生物，几乎都是通过细胞分裂的方式使细胞个体数目增加，达到繁衍后代的目的．低等的多细胞动物可通过出芽的方式来繁殖后代…     

大蒜的胚胎学研究 Ⅰ.花药的发育和小孢子的发生

大蒜的小孢子是由小孢子母细胞经典型的减数分裂而来。小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂为连续型。四分体排列呈平面型。在小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中出现了多价体、单价体和染色体落后等不规则现象，是导致花粉退化的重要原因     

学术论文数学式和反应式的规范

（1）文中重要的或后文将要重新提及的数学式、反应式等可另行起排，并用阿拉伯数字连续编序号（或码）．序号加圆括号，右顶格排出．（2）长数学式超过1行时，应在“=”、“≈”、“〈”、“〉”等关系符号，或在“＋”、“-”、“×”、“÷”等运算符号处转行．2次以上转行者，应使关系符号和运算符号分别对齐．（3）反应式在反应方向符号“→”、“=”、“≠”等处转行．式中的反应条件应用比正文小1号的字符标注反应方向符号的上下方．     

辣椒自发和诱发2n花粉的形成及细胞遗传学机理

自然条件下，辣椒（Ｃａｐｓｉｃｕｍ ｆｒｕｔｅｓｃｅｎｓＬ．）小孢子形成过程中存在１％ 以下的二分体和三分体。人工诱导可使二分体、三分体的比率分别提高到４５％ 和３．２９％ ，其中２１．５２％的二分体和多数三分体由双核小孢子构成，但是，成熟花粉中仅５．６５％ 为２ ｎ 花粉。细胞遗传学研究结果表明：辣椒自发２ ｎ 花粉主要来源于减数分裂过程中的细胞质分裂异常和少部分第１ 次分裂重组，而人工诱发的２ ｎ 花粉则主要来源于由不联会造成的第１ 次分裂重组，也有部分细胞质异常分裂。     

航天诱变凤仙花院3突变株后代小孢子变化的研究

凤仙花种子经神舟4号飞船搭载后发现的院，突变株，从SP1代到SP3代小孢子的染色体数目和小孢子的大小进行了追踪研究，发现该突变株SP1代小孢子中的染色体数目变化大，从仅含1条染色体，到最多含28条染色体，小孢子之间的大小差异也大；SP2代小孢子中的染色体数目变化范围缩小，仅在4—9条之间；小孢子大小之间的差距也变小．在秋播条件下SP3代的变化趋势与SP2代基本一致，并对院，突变株后代小孢子内染色体数目及小孢子大小的变化趋势，原因进行了讨论．     

小麦与高冰草不对称体细胞杂种F5代部分株系的花粉母细胞染色体观察分析

普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.)济南177原生质体（受体）和经紫外线照射的高冰草（Agropyron elongatum)原生质体（供体）用PEG法诱导融合，形成外形偏向小麦的不对称体细胞杂种及后代，经过田间繁育，现已到F5代，在对F1至F4代杂种植株完成各项分析的基础上，对对F5代不同株系（Ⅱ-2，8-1，Ⅱ-Ⅰ-8）的花粉母细胞染色体进行观察和分析，结果表明，杂种花粉母细胞在减数分裂时基本正常，88％以上的细胞染色体数目在20－21对之间，并且绝大多数染色体可以正常配对形成二价体，少数细胞存在小染色体，数目多为1－2个，且大部分以配对形式存在，由此可见，杂种在遗传上基本是稳定的，且杂种的表型及遗传在较短的世代就基本稳定，但个别杂种花粉母细胞中也存在减数分裂异常现象，如不均等分离，落后染色体，染色体桥、多着丝粒体，易位环及多价体等。     

航天诱导番茄雄性不育株性状及减数分裂的研究

通过卫星搭载番茄种子，从SP1代中发现雄性不育突变株南航1号A，不育株枝繁叶茂，经正反交实验证明雌配子可育，仅花粉不育，突变株小花的花萼和雌蕊正常，但花瓣为7个，比正常植株多一个，分析不育株小孢子母细胞的减数分裂过程，发现在后期I有微核、染色体断片等，到后期Ⅱ出现染色体分配不均和多极分裂，形成多分孢子和多分孢子内的小孢子大小不均，小孢子大多数饱满、形态正常，但花粉粒较大，经碘液染色分析。突变株的花粉绝大多数不变蓝，与雄性不育性状相一致，不育株经人工授粉结出的果实比对照株的果实大，成熟期长，在育种应用中具有某些优势，但不育株的小花容易早衰、脱落，有待进一步改良。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with