小麦抗性淀粉最佳制备工艺参数的研究

以小麦淀粉为原料,采用压热法和酸解法提取抗性淀粉,通过单因素试验对这2种方法中的影响因子进行研究,并通过正交试验确定压热法和酸解法生产小麦抗性淀粉的最佳工艺条件,为抗性淀粉工业化生产提供参考依据。结果表明:压热法中影响抗性淀粉生产的因素主次为压热温度淀粉乳浓度放置时间压热时间;压热法生产小麦抗性淀粉的最佳工艺条件为淀粉乳浓度30%,120℃压热处理40min,4℃放置24h,小麦抗性淀粉的平均产率达7.26%;酸解法中影响抗性淀粉生产的因素主次为盐酸用量沸水浴时间淀粉乳浓度酸解时间;酸解法生产小麦抗性淀粉的最佳工艺条件为盐酸用量2%,淀粉乳浓度为15%,酸解时间2h,沸水浴时间2.5h,小麦抗性淀粉的平均产率达7.74%。     

小麦抗性淀粉与其它淀粉性状间的相关及通径分析

为高抗性淀粉小麦品种的选育提供理论依据,利用抗性淀粉含量较高的小麦品种M344和抗性淀粉含量较低的小麦品种武春3号重组自交得到F2∶3家系,对F2∶3家系抗性淀粉含量与总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量及膨胀势进行了相关、回归及通径分析,分析了小麦抗性淀粉与其它淀粉性状之间的关系。结果表明:小麦抗性淀粉含量与直链淀粉含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.18,P≤0.01),通径分析表明直链淀粉含量对小麦抗性淀粉含量存在正向影响,直接通径系数达0.169;小麦抗性淀粉含量与总淀粉含量呈显著正相关(r=0.151,P≤0.05),但与膨胀势间呈不显著负相关(r=-0.57)。小麦抗性淀粉含量(Y)与总淀粉含量(X1)、直链淀粉含量(X2)及膨胀势(X3)间的回归方程为Y=0.289+0.007X1+0.037X2-0.033X3,该方程可解释抗性淀粉7%的表型变异,说明抗性淀粉含量与直链淀粉含量的关系最密切,其次为总淀粉含量。     

食用油脂与加热方式对小麦淀粉结构和体外消化性的影响

研究了常用食用油脂和加热方式对小麦淀粉结构和体外消化性的影响.首先将黄油、棕榈油、大豆油等食用油与小麦淀粉按1∶5的比例(质量比)共混,然后对其分别进行恒定高温和持续升温两种热处理,制备淀粉-脂质复合物,并测定了复合物的脂质含量、颗粒形貌、结晶结构、热力学性质及体外消化性.结果表明:淀粉与脂质复合后,结合脂质含量显著增加,其结晶结构由A型转变为A+V型,其中棕榈油更易与小麦淀粉形成稳定的复合物;与恒定高温相比,持续升温热处理形成的复合物更稳定,且复合物的慢消化淀粉(SDS)及抗性淀粉(RS)含量均显著增加;恒定高温热处理后,小麦淀粉-大豆油复合物的SDS含量最高,为15.8%;持续升温热处理后,小麦淀粉-棕榈油复合物的SDS含量最高,达16.4%.     

不同抗性淀粉含量的小麦品种(系)SBEⅡa基因启动子序列分析

为了从分子水平上揭示不同小麦品种(系)间抗性淀粉含量差异的原因,本试验利用q RT-PCR技术研究了抗性淀粉含量高和抗性淀粉含量低的小麦品种(系)淀粉合成关键基因SBEⅡa表达差异。根据Genebank中公布的小麦SBEⅡa基因启动子(AY357072.1)基因序列设计特异性引物,利用RT-PCR技术克隆SBEⅡa基因启动子,利用Clustal.W对测序结果比对分析,利用数据库PLACE和Plant CARE对启动子序列中各特征元件进行预测,以发掘影响SBEⅡa基因表达量的重要作用元件的等位变异位点。结果显示:抗性淀粉含量高的小麦品种(系)中SBEⅡa基因的表达量低于抗性淀粉含量低的品种(系)。克隆了10个抗性淀粉含量不同的小麦品种(系)SBEⅡa基因编码区上游2896 bp序列,10个小麦品种(系)SBEⅡa基因启动子序列相似性达到了99.92%,抗性淀粉含量高和抗性淀粉含量低的小麦品种(系)SBEⅡa基因启动子序列间无规律性差异。推测,SBEⅡa基因启动子可能不是造成SBEⅡa基因表达差异的主要原因。     

小麦淀粉浆糊中A型、B型淀粉及蛋白质对书画装裱的影响研究

书画装裱所用浆糊的传统小麦淀粉提取工艺只能制得粗制淀粉，含有A型淀粉、B型淀粉和蛋白质等多种成分。为了解这些不同成分对浆糊及装裱书画的影响，并改进小麦淀粉提取工艺，进而更好地保护书画，通过离心分离法筛分粗制淀粉，获得精制淀粉(即A型淀粉)和残渣淀粉(以B型淀粉为主),对比分析精制、残渣、粗制淀粉浆糊性能及其对裱件的影响。结果表明，精制淀粉浆糊的糊化程度、黏度、剥离强度最大，精制淀粉浆糊薄膜光滑性、均匀性、柔性最佳，并且精制淀粉浆糊涂布纸张具有最为理想的柔韧性和耐老化性能，而B型淀粉及蛋白质是降低浆糊性能的主要原因。为改善浆糊及书画的性能，建议在小麦淀粉传统提取工艺中增加离心分离法，制作精制淀粉浆糊。研究成果也为书画及相关纸质文物保护材料的研究引入了一种新方法，扩大了热机械分析在文物保护材料中的研究和应用范围。     

小麦胚性细胞发生中淀粉代谢动态的量化研究

结合生物学研究，应用计算机图像技术，根据细胞形态计量学原理，以量化形式揭示了小麦胚性细胞发生中淀粉的代谢动态。研究结果表明，在小麦体细胞胚发生过程中淀粉的代谢呈现动态变化，在胚性细胞形成时，单个胚性细胞内淀粉的积累达到第一个峰值５．００９８％，随着胚性细胞的分裂，淀粉含量逐渐下降，球形胚期淀粉再次积累，形成第二个峰值２．３６５６％，还结合量化结果讨论了淀粉代谢动态与体细胞胚发生，发育过程的关系。     

不同品种黑小麦淀粉理化性质研究

对黑小麦淀粉的颗粒性状、透明度、膨胀势、直链淀粉含量、冻融稳定性、糊化特性等理化性质进行了研究.结果表明:黑小麦淀粉颗粒较大,多呈圆球形或卵圆形,尺寸为5～25μm;总淀粉含量与对照小偃6号相当;直链淀粉和破损淀粉含量均高于对照小偃6号.黑小麦淀粉具有较好的膨胀特性,但透明度和冻融稳定性较差.黑小麦淀粉的起始糊化温度较高,峰值黏度为0.340～0.483Pa.s,其热糊和冷糊稳定性均比对照品种差,但加入NaCl和蔗糖均能提高黑小麦淀粉糊的热糊稳定性,减缓冷却过程中淀粉的老化,其中起始糊化温度随NaCl浓度的增加而逐渐升高,峰值黏度、回生值、破损值均随NaCl浓度的增加而减小.起始糊化温度、峰值黏度随着蔗糖浓度的增加而增大,破损值和回生值却随蔗糖浓度的增加而下降.另外,随着pH值的升高,黑小麦淀粉的起始糊化温度逐渐降低,峰值黏度、破损值和回生值急剧升高.     

不同磷素水平对小麦淀粉粒形态及品质特性的影响

磷是小麦生长过程中重要的大量元素之一,对小麦籽粒产量和淀粉品质的形成有重要作用。为探讨磷素对小麦胚乳淀粉粒积累及其对淀粉品质特性的影响,本研究以新疆主栽的中强筋冬小麦品种新冬20号和新冬23号为参试材料,研究不同施磷水平(P0:P2O50 kg/hm2;LP:P2O5105 kg/hm2;HP:P2O5210 kg/hm2)对小麦籽粒灌浆过程中淀粉粒形态、粒径分布、淀粉降解酶活性以及淀粉持水力、膨胀势、溶解度和破损淀粉含量的影响。结果表明:不同施磷水平下2个参试品种的淀粉粒均为明显的双向分布,淀粉粒的基本形态特征未改变,但对2个小麦品种A-和B-型淀粉粒的发育进程有不同程度的影响。高磷和低磷处理下2个小麦品种籽粒α-淀粉酶活性在灌浆后期(花后28-35 d)最高,且变幅较大。高磷处理下新冬20号小麦淀粉的持水力、膨胀势和溶解度均显著高于对照;高磷和低磷处理可显著增加新冬23号小麦淀粉的持水力。不同施磷量对小麦淀粉品质的影响与参试品种的遗传特性有关,从淀粉粒形态和品质特性变化的角度,相对于新冬23号,新冬20号小麦对磷素更敏感。     

档案修裱中CMC浆糊与小麦淀粉浆糊的比较

本文将ＣＭＣ浆糊与小麦淀粉浆糊在理化性质、制作过程、修裱性能等三方面进行对比研究，认为ＣＭＣ浆糊在修裱技术中可以代替传统的小麦淀粉浆糊．     

浅谈小麦的深加工

小麦是人类生活中重要的粮食作物,地球上大约有一半的人食用小麦,我国年产小麦1.1亿吨左右,为全世界第一,在我国相当数量的小麦都被加工成食品工业原料、半成品和成品,其生产过程中的副产品得不到有效利用。本文介绍了以小麦为原料提取小麦淀粉和谷朊粉的技术方法与设备、以及以小麦淀粉为原料生产小麦变性淀粉及其衍生物的方法和谷朊粉的改性产品的生产方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that