改进贝叶斯非负矩阵分解的语音增强算法

为了进一步提高增强语音的质量,基于传统的贝叶斯非负矩阵分解语音增强算法,考虑语音帧内原子间的相关性,提出了一种新的改进贝叶斯非负矩阵分解语音增强算法。该算法可分为训练和增强2个阶段:训练阶段利用该算法分别对纯净语音和噪声进行训练,得到纯净语音和噪声字典;增强阶段利用训练得到的纯净语音和噪声字典组成的联合字典结合,计算带噪语音时变增益,并利用最小均方误差估计得到增强语音频谱,进而重构增强语音。实验结果表明,该算法的对数频谱距离值和主观语音质量评估打分均优于非负矩阵分解(NMF)和贝叶斯非负矩阵分解(BNMF)等传统的语音增强算法,特别是在低信噪比条件下,该算法增强的效果更佳。     

基于非负字典训练和鲁棒主成分分析的语音增强算法

在鲁棒主成分分析中引入非负矩阵分解学习得到非负语音字典,提出了一种非负字典训练和鲁棒主成分分析相结合的非监督单通道语音增强算法.算法采用交替方向乘子计算优化解.采用客观感知语音质量评估方法(PESQ)对增强效果进行评估.评估中采用了TIMIT标准语音和20多种噪声在不同信噪比下进行混合得到的带噪语音信号.评估结果表明:本文提出的方法优于典型的非负矩阵分解方法和鲁棒主成分方法.     

结合EEMD与K-SVD字典训练的语音增强算法

该文提出一种总体平均经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)方法与K奇异值分解(K-singular value decomposition,K-SVD)字典算法相结合的语音增强算法。将带噪语音通过EEMD分解得到各本征模式分量(intrinsic mode function,IMF),对各IMF分量进行互相关和自相关分析,去除噪声IMF分量,并将过渡IMF分量再次进行EEMD分解,去除其中的噪声IMF分量。将过渡IMF分量和剩余的IMF分量叠加,得到预降噪的带噪语音。利用纯净语音,通过K-SVD字典训练算法得到过完备字典。对预降噪的带噪语音通过过完备字典进行稀疏表示,稀疏系数重构出纯净语音。实验结果表明:在低信噪比和高信噪比情况下,该算法的去噪效果明显优于传统的谱减法、小波阈值去噪法和K-SVD字典训练。     

基于Sparse K-SVD学习字典的语音增强方法

提出一种基于Sparse K-SVD学习字典的语音增强方法,采用Sparse K-SVD算法自适应地训练一个可稀疏表示的冗余字典,在该冗余字典上采用正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法对带噪语音信号进行稀疏分解,利用稀疏系数矩阵重构纯净语音,实现语音增强.使用NOIZEUS语音库进行了一系列的语音增强实验,主客观评测数据表明,基于稀疏表示的语音增强方法(分别使用Sparse K-SVD和K-SVD训练字典)相对于传统语音增强方法(小阈值波法、谱减法、改进谱减法)可进一步改善语音质量;对字典训练时间进行统计,发现Sparse K-SVD算法训练字典消耗的时间为K-SVD算法训练时间的1/6~1/10,大幅度提高了计算效率.     

基于非负矩阵分解的阴影检测方法

针对以往的矩阵分解方法不能保证分解结果非负的问题, 根据非负矩阵分解（NMF: Non negative Matrix Factorization）结果非负的特点, 提出了基于NMF的阴影检测方法, 并以此为基础将进一步引入的分块非负矩阵分解（BNMF: Block Non negative Matrix Factorization）应用于阴影检测。通过NMF/BNMF提取训练样本中阴影的亮度特征, 再根据特征识别测试样本中的阴影区域。实验结果表明,与基于奇异值分解方法相比, 该算法的阴影检测细节更清晰, 具有更好的效果。     

基于总体平均经验模态分解和一步式字典学习联合去噪的语音端点检测算法

针对复杂环境下语音端点检测准确率低下且检测耗时过长的问题,研究一种基于EEMD和OS-DL联合去噪的语音端点检测算法。首先利用EEMD（总体平均经验模态分解）算法对输入语音进行分解得到IMF（本征模式分量）,然后使用OS-DL（一步式字典）算法分别对纯净语音信号与噪声信号进行训练,得到纯净语音信号和噪声信号的幅度谱字典,进而对幅度谱进行稀疏表示,利用得到的系数矩阵重新构建出语音信号频谱,将重构出的语音信号频谱经过傅里叶逆变换得到降噪后的语音信号,最后对降噪后的语音信号利用均匀子带频带方差法进行端点检测。实验结果表明：该算法在复杂环境信噪比低于-10dB情况下检测准确率仍可达到85%以上,且平均检测时间缩短至传统端点检测算法的1/3。     

基于噪声分类和字典选择的语音活动检测

为了解决已有语音活动检测方法在噪声条件下性能急剧下降的问题,提出了一种基于稀疏编码的语音活动检测方法.该方法在训练阶段为语音和每种可能的噪声训练字典;在识别阶段首先识别环境噪声类型,然后将语音字典和对应环境噪声字典拼接形成一个大字典用于稀疏分解,最后用语音字典上的稀疏表示实现语音和非语音的判断.该方法一方面引入了噪声类型识别,可以有针对性地选择噪声字典;另一方面引入噪声开集识别机制,能识别新的噪声类型并且为之训练模型.实验结果表明所提方法比传统方法具有更强的噪声鲁棒性.     

双重约束非负矩阵分解与改进正交匹配追踪算法的语音增强

针对非负矩阵分解算法实现语音增强效果不理想的问题,提出了一种双重约束非负矩阵分解结合改进正交匹配追踪算法的语音增强方法.采用时间约束及稀疏度约束的双重约束方式改进非负矩阵分解算法,使得分解后的数据更能反映出语音特征.通过改进正交匹配追踪算法提升重构精度,并结合语音信号在时频域的分布特征,引入低通滤波器进一步平滑重构后的...     

基于NMF和FCRF的单通道语音分离

近年来,非负矩阵分解(non-negative matrix factorization,NMF)被广泛应用于单通道语音分离问题。然而,标准的NMF算法假设语音的相邻帧之间是相互独立的,不能表征语音信号的时间连续性信息。为此,该文提出了一种基于NMF和因子条件随机场(factorial conditional random field,FCRF)的语音分离算法,首先将NMF和k均值聚类结合对纯净语音的频谱结构以及时间连续性进行建模,然后利用得到的模型训练FCRF模型,进而对混合语音信号进行分离。结果表明:该算法相比没有考虑语音时间连续特性的基于NMF的算法如激活集牛顿算法(active-set Newton algorithm,ASNA),在客观指标上有明显提高。     

基于噪声特性的语音增强算法

针对不同的语音增强算法对不同噪声的增强效果不同,提出了一种基于深度神经网络的噪声分类的语音增强算法。首先,使用深度神经网络(DNN)算法对噪声进行分类。分类算法包括训练阶段和分类阶段。在训练阶段,采用babble,car,street,train四中噪声对DNN进行训练;在分类阶段,将提取的噪声输入训练好的DNN中,得到分类结果,并对分类性能进行评估。其次,采用PESQ,LSD及SNR等语音评估方法,对不同的含噪语音在不同信噪比、不同语音增强算法下进行评估。语音增强算法包括子空间法、维纳滤波算法、谱减法及对数最小均方误差法(log MMSE),噪声包括babble,car,street,train,信噪比为-5db,0db和5db,并对通过评估得到的值采用平均值法得到噪声和语音增强算法的最佳匹配;最后,针对不同分类噪声,采用不同的增强算法进行语音增强,并对4种噪声之外的噪声根据本文算法选取相应的语音增强算法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-