以色列:创新就是国家的灵魂

中东地区从整体上看,经济技术水平都相对落后,然而以色列却是例外。1948年建国以来,以色列人的生存环境十分险恶,土地多为荒漠,十分贫瘠,严重缺水;政治上它又与阿拉伯国家矛盾重重,长期敌对,战火不断,流血冲突从未停止。然而就是在这样的情况下,以色列依靠自身的艰苦努力和不懈     

Formation and propagation of matter-wave soliton trains

Attraction between the atoms of a Bose-Einstein condensate renders it unstable to collapse, although a condensate with a limited number of atoms can be stabilized by confinement in an atom trap. However, beyond this number the condensate collapses. Condensates constrained to one-dimensional motion with attractive interactions are predicted to form stable solitons, in which the attractive forces exactly compensate for wave-packet dispersion. Here we report the formation of bright solitons of (7)Li atoms in a quasi-one-dimensional optical trap, by magnetically tuning the interactions in a stable Bose-Einstein condensate from repulsive to attractive. The solitons are set in motion by offsetting the optical potential, and are observed to propagate in the potential for many oscillatory cycles without spreading. We observe a soliton train, containing many solitons; repulsive interactions between neighbouring solitons are inferred from their motion.     

一种实用高速铁路ATP算法的设计与实现

自动列车防护 ( ATP)是现代化高速铁路所采用的主流控制策略 ,它不仅仅是列车的控制算法 ,还包括列车和列控中心之间的通信协议。论文介绍了一种实用的高速铁路ATP算法 ,包括地面列控中心和车载系统两部分的优化设计与实现步骤。具体给出了列控中心计算安全制动距离 ,确定目标点 ,并将信息传递给列车的实现步骤 ,以及车载系统根据列控中心发来的信息计算出列车速度控制曲线并实施对列车速度控制的过程。文中还给出了列控中心确定目标点的仿真过程。证明了算法的正确性和可行性     

列车上应用生态厕所的初步研究

提出了在列车上应用生态厕所的学术思想并进行了初步设计,分析表明该设计方案切实可行,既可以解决线性环境污染,又能将粪便污物转化为大量的优质有机肥.     

Spike-timing-dependent synaptic modification induced by natural spike trains

The strength of the connection between two neurons can be modified by activity, in a way that depends on the timing of neuronal firing on either side of the synapse. This spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) has been studied by systematically varying the intervals between pre- and postsynaptic spikes. Here we studied how STDP operates in the context of more natural spike trains. We found that in visual cortical slices the contribution of each pre-/postsynaptic spike pair to synaptic modification depends not only on the interval between the pair, but also on the timing of preceding spikes. The efficacy of each spike in synaptic modification was suppressed by the preceding spike in the same neuron, occurring within several tens of milliseconds. The direction and magnitude of synaptic modifications induced by spike patterns recorded in vivo in response to natural visual stimuli were well predicted by incorporating the suppressive inter-spike interaction within each neuron. Thus, activity-induced synaptic modification depends not only on the relative spike timing between the neurons, but also on the spiking pattern within each neuron. For natural spike trains, the timing of the first spike in each burst is dominant in synaptic modification.     

双层动车组列车风特性研究

列车行驶过程中会诱导周围空气流动形成列车风,较大强度列车风会危及行人和轨道旁工作人员的安全,甚至会卷起附近的货物和杂物。通过数值模拟的方法研究不同行驶速度的五编组双层车厢动车组周围的流场结构和列车风。结果表明：列车风主要由尾流区域涡脱落诱导产生,头车流线型区域、转向架等附属结构和地面效应对诱导列车风也有重要作用。列车周围靠近地面的区域受到附属结构和地面效应直接影响,列车风强度大于远离地面的区域。依据TSI 130—2014,行驶速度在200 km/h及以下速度级的双层车厢动车组符合列车风风速的安全标准,行驶速度250 km/h及以下速度级的双层车厢动车组符合车头压力脉冲要求。