基于证据推理的故障预报模型

为处理存在定量与定性不确定性信息的非线性复杂系统故障预报问题,建立了基于证据推理(evidential reasoning,ER)的故障预报模型,提出了ER预测模型的参数优化方法.该模型利用ER算法可以处理精确数据、不完整数据、模糊数据的能力,及其非线性融合的特性,对模型的输入信号,通过信息变换技术转化到信度结构框架下,应用解析ER算法对输入信息融合,根据输出数据的类型,构造相应的预测输出,给出了故障识别方法.针对ER预测模型参数难以精确的主观确定的困难,建立了非线性优化模型,对模型参数进行优化学习,获取最优模型参数.通过实验对ER预测模型的性能进行了分析,结果表明,建立的预测模型和参数优化模型可以有效的处理故障预报问题.     

神经树在煤与瓦斯突出预测中应用研究

由于煤与瓦斯突出影响因素之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,为准确预测煤与瓦斯突出的危险性,本文提出了基于柔性神经树的煤与瓦斯突出预潮模型,其中利用多表达式编程和粒子群优化算法分别优化了自身的结构及相关参数,使得神经树具有强大的预测和分类能力,与传统神经网络相比具有更加灵活的自动优化能力.通过采用实测数据对算法进行了验证. 结果 表明与常规预测方法相比较,该模型的预测准确性高,具有良好的适应性和有效性.     

基于约束TIN的开采沉陷可视化及预计

本文以开采沉陷损害和传统预计方法为背景,以优化预计方法和提高预计精度为目的,对开采沉陷的三维可视化表达进行了研究,通过一个实例分析了开采沉陷对地面建筑物的影响及可视化的预计过程。在可视化模型的建立过程中,根据岩层和地表移动的特点对Delaunay三角剖分算法做了进一步改进,通过内插特征点模拟变形等值线,使岩层的细节变化更为直观,该方法对于开采沉陷的三维可视化及变形的预计具有积极的意义。     

蚁群算法中参数设置对超声回波估计性能的影响

摘要针对超声回波参数估计问题存在着耗机时长,估计结果严重依赖于初始值的缺点,本文将蚁群算法应用到超声回波参数估计中,结合超声回波的非线性高斯模型,提出了基于蚁群算法的超声回波参数估计算法,并就蚁群算法在超声回波估计中参数的优化组合设置进行了分析研究通过数值仿真,在信噪比为10dB条件下计算了蚁群算法中各参数的不同取值对估计结果的不同影响,包括计算时间、估计精度和算法稳定性,得出了算法中各参数的组合优化设置,给出了最优参数下的超声回波参数估计结果,并通过与其他算法的比较验证了蚁群算法在超声回波参数估计问题中的有效性．该研究有助于提高超声回波估计的精度和算法的稳定性,缩短蚁群算法的计算时问,以达到优化算法性能的目的．     

热油管道非稳态优化运行研究

本文建立了热油管道非稳态模型,并以管道能耗费用为目标函数,输油泵出站扬程及加热炉出站温度为优化变量,建立优化模型。根据SCADA系统采集的管道运行实时数据,非稳态模型计算结果与实测值相比相对误差为4.042%,与稳态模型计算结果相比准确度显著提高,采用混合粒子群-退火算法对非稳态仿真结果进行优化处理,优化后运行方案经实际运行可节约17.59%的能耗费用,节能显著。     

一种基于高斯过程的数据驱动光度立体视觉全局优化算法

光度立体视觉技术难点之一在于快速有效地解决非朗伯体材料的复杂反射问题,针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于高斯过程的数据驱动光度立体视觉全局优化算法.该方法利用高斯过程,通过贝叶斯推理学习给定材料的实测双向反射分布函数值,建立用于描述非朗伯体材料非线性反射性质的连续数学模型.该模型以光源方向和表面反射光强作为输入,以双向反射分布函数值作为输出,可在光度立体视觉系统中建立更为精确的反射模型,从而得到更高的法向量预测精度.仿真实验和实际实验表明,该方法显著提升了光度立体视觉的法向量恢复精度,且拥有较高的计算效率.     

基于免疫果蝇混合优化算法的多配送中心选址问题研究

针对具有NP难性质的多配送中心选址问题,利用果蝇优化算法,对免疫算法进行了优化,提出将果蝇优化算法与免疫算法相结合的免疫果蝇混合优化算法。通过与传统免疫算法的matlab仿真结果对比,使用免疫果蝇混合优化算法解决多配送中心选址问题能够快速收敛于全局最优解并优化选址模型,为解决多配送中心选址问题提供了一种新途径。     

改进果蝇优化算法优化广义回归神经网络的预测问题研究

为提高传统非线性预测模型的预测精度,提出一种基于改进果蝇优化算法优化广义回归神经网络的预测方法,将果蝇群体分两部分分别进行迭代寻优,从而改进了果蝇优化算法的寻优性能,进而避免了在寻优过程中陷入局部最优。该方法利用改进果蝇优化算法优化广义回归神经网络的径向基函数扩展参数,然后用训练好的广义回归神经网络预测模型进行预测,最后通过订单预测算例进行实证研究。实证研究结果显示,该方法在解决订单预测问题中与未改进的果蝇优化算法优化广义回归神经网络和传统的广义回归神经网络方法对比,具有更高的预测精度和更好的非线性拟合能力。     

一种基于Markov随机场模型的核磁共振图像分割方法

为了提高核磁共振(MR)图像分割的效果,提出了一种基于Markov随机场模型的分割方法。该方法利用Markov随机场描述图像的先验分布,结合MAP准则获得分割优化函数,通过ICM局部迭代使分割优化函数收敛。迭代过程中引入了后验概率矩阵的平滑;提高了分割的精度和速度。实测数据的实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性。     

GTD模型联合参数估计与定阶的Bayes方法

将基于Bayes原理的参数估计与定阶方法应用于GTD模型，设计并实现了基于RJ-MCMC方法的GTD模型联合参数估计与定阶算法．该算法利用GTD模型的物理约束先验信息，提高了定阶准确率和参数估计精度，同时较好地解决了GTD模型中的混合参量估计问题．通过仿真数据和电磁散射数据对算法的性能进行分析验证，结果表明，该算法能够得到较好的参数估计和定阶结果，在低信噪比、邻近分量、短数据的情形下，优势更为明显．     

Inherent properties and statistics with individual particles in quantum mechanics

This paper puts forward the hypothesis that the distinctive features of quantum statistics are exclusively determined by the nature of the properties it describes. In particular, all statistically relevant properties of identical quantum particles in many-particle systems are conjectured to be irreducible, ‘inherent’ properties only belonging to the whole system. This allows one to explain quantum statistics without endorsing the ‘Received View’ that particles are non-individuals, or postulating that quantum systems obey peculiar probability distributions, or assuming that there are primitive restrictions on the range of states accessible to such systems. With this, the need for an unambiguously metaphysical explanation of certain physical facts is acknowledged and satisfied.     

Spasmin-like proteins in various ciliates revealed by antibody to purified spasmins ofCarchesium polypinum

Summary It was found that some ciliates,Stentor, Spirostomum andBlepharisma, which can contract rapidly like the stalks of Vorticellidae, have Ca²⁺-binding proteins that are very similar to spasmins, in the immunological sense. The presence of spasmins in other Protozoa and in some Metazoa was also investigated.     

Partial sequence of the gene for a serine protease from a halophilic archaeumhaloferax mediterranei R4, and nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from several halophilic archaea

A part of the gene coding for a halophilic serine protease from a halophilic archaeumHaloferax mediterranei R4 was amplified by PCR and its 672 nucleotide sequence was determined. Tentative translation to the amino acid sequence suggested that the enzyme was quite similar to halolysin produced by another halophilic archaeum strain 172P1. Nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes from 9 halophilic archaea were determined. Alignment of 19 sequences known so far showed that there are more than 20 positions carrying bases or deletions specific for each halobacterial genus:Halobacterium, Haloarcula, Haloferax, andHalococcus.     

Endorcine cells producing regulatory peptides

Summary Recent data on the immunologication of regulatory peptides and related propeptide sequences in endocrine cells and tumours of the gastrointestinal tract pancreas, lung, thyroid, pituitary (ACTH and opioids), adrenals and paraganglia have been revised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory beenrevised and discussed. Gastrin, xenopsin, cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin, motilin, secretin, GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide), neurotensin, glicentin/glucagon-37 and PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) are the main products of gastrointestinal endocrine cells; glucagon, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), somatostatin, PP (pancreatic polypeptide) and GRF (growth hormone releasing factor), in addition to insulin, are produced in pancreatic islet cells; bombesin-related peptidesare the main markers of pulmonary endocrine cells; calcitonin and CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) occur in thyroid and extrathyroid C cells; ACTH and endorphins in anterior and intermediate lobe pituitary cells, -MSH and CLIP (corticotropoin-like intermediate lobe peptide) in intermediate lobe cells; met- and leu-enkephalins and related peptides in adrenal medullary and paraganglionic cells as well as in some gut (enterochromaffin) cells; NPY (neuropeptide Y) in adrenalin-type adrenal medullary cells, etc.. Both tissue-appropriate and tissue-inappropriate regulatory peptides are produced by endocrine tumours, with inappropriate peptides mostly produced by malignant tumours.     

Evolutionary and ecological implications of cardenolide sequestration in the monarch butterfly

Summary Monarch butterflies sequester cardenolides from their larval host plants in the milkweed genusAsclepias for use in defense against predation. Of 108Asclepias species in North America, monarchs are known to feed as larvae on 27. Research on 11 of these has shown that monarchs sequester cardenolides most effectively, to an asymptote of approximately 350 g/0.1 g dry butterfly, from plants with intermediate cardenolide contents rather than from those with very high or very low cardenolide contents. SinceAsclepias host plant species are distributed widely in space and time across the continent, monarchs exploit them by migration between breeding and overwintering areas. After overwintering in central Mexico, spring migrants east of the Rocky Mountains exploit three predominantAsclepias species in the southern USA that have moderately high cardenolide contents. Monarchs sequester cardenolides very effectively from these species. First generation butterflies are thus well protected against predators and continue the migration north. Across the northern USA and southern Canada most summer breeding occurs on a fourthAsclepias species and in autumn most of these monarchs migrate back to Mexican overwintering sites. The ecological implications of this cycle of cardenolide sequestration for the evolution of monarch migration are discussed.     

Anthelmintic activity of a benzimidazoline compound in sheep by abomasal infusion

Summary In vitro and in vivo data on the benzimidazoline compound indicate anthelmintic potential when introduced directly into the abomasum.     

Cognition wars

In what kinds of physical systems can cognition be realized? There are currently competing answers among scientists and theorists of cognition. There are many plant scientists who maintain that cognition can be realized in plants. There are biological scientists who maintain that cognition is materially realized in bacteria. In this paper, I will present the basis for such claims and evaluate them and discuss the future for theories of the metaphysical basis of cognition in the cognitive sciences.     

Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems

The fate of environmental pollutants — the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds — is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

Mating attempts between the Scarlet Tiger Moth,Callimorpha dominula L., and the Cinnabar Moth,Tyria jacobaeae L. (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), involve a common sex pheromone composition

It has been suggested that a common sex pheromone composition may account for interspecific sexual interactions observed with certain moths in the Arctiidae. In this study, it is demonstrated that the sex pheromones released by females of the Scarlet Tiger Moth,Callimorpha dominula L., and the Cinnabar Moth,Tyria jacobaeae L., have similar activities and elute at the same retention time on analysis by coupled gas chromatography (GC)-electrophysiology with males from each species. Peak enhancement on GC, chiral GC and coupled GC-mass spectrometry using authentic compounds show that the sex pheromone for bothC. dominula andT. jacobaeae is (3Z,6Z,9S,10R)-9,10-epoxyheneicosa-3,6-diene.     

Observation and prediction in ancient astrology

What is the relationship between observations, predictions, texts, and instruments in ancient astrology? By distinguishing between two distinct kinds of observation claim in astrological texts, I show on the one hand the rhetorical and theoretical importance of each kind of observation claim to ancient astrological traditions, and on the other hand how practices of ancient astrology break from observation once astronomical phenomena become reliably predictable. We thus see a shift in practice from observationally derived predictions to a reliance on textual and instrumental authority, even though the rhetoric of ancient astrology still tries to maintain an emphasis on observation.