Fe-Cr合金的钝化膜和点蚀发展模型

本文采用AFS和FPMA以及旋转圆盘—圆环电极等方法,对三种Fe-Cr合金在3.5％NaCl溶液中的钝化和点蚀行为进行了研究,考察了铬的作用和溶解机理,并据此提出了两种点蚀发展模型。     

Cu-60Fe-12Cr合金在含Cl~-介质中的电化学腐蚀行为

利用动电位扫描法,结合电化学交流阻抗技术研究了用粉末冶金(PM)技术制备的Cu 60Fe 12Cr合金在含Cl-腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明:合金在单一Na2SO4介质中具有较低的腐蚀电流,腐蚀速度较慢,而在含Cl-腐蚀介质中,自腐蚀电位不同程度负移,膜电阻减小,腐蚀速度加快;合金在含Cl-介质中腐蚀电化学阻抗谱在呈单容抗弧特征,没有出现Warburg阻抗的性质,腐蚀过程由电化学反应控制;加入Cl-后,极化电阻减小;腐蚀过程中存在一定弥散效应.     

Ga对β基Co-Ni-Al铁磁性形状记忆合金马氏体和磁性转变的影响

借助光学金相、示差热分析、振动样品磁强计和x-射线能谱分析等分析方法，研究Ga含量对Co41Ni32-Al27-xGax合金马氏体相变和Curie点的影响。研究结果表明：合金马氏体相变温度与Ga含量成正比，在1573和1623K淬火时，X增加1，马氏体相变温度提高25K，但Ga含量对Curie点影响不大；在1573K淬火时，具有高有序度的马氏体相比B2结构相的Curie点高32K，说明结构有序度对Curie点影响较大；淬火温度升高会显著提高合金的马氏体相变温度和Curie点，当淬火温度从1573K升高到1623K时，马氏体相变温度升高43～69K，Curie点平均升高41K；随着Ga含量的增加，合金的熔点降低，在1623K淬火时Co41Ni32Al18Ga9合金发生部分熔化。     

采用铝热自蔓延法制备低氧高钛铁合金

以金红石、钛精矿和Al为原料采用铝热自蔓延法制备出低氧高钛铁合金。研究不同反应体系的相关热力学,考察配铝量对铝热自蔓延熔炼效果的影响,采用XRD,SEM以及化学分析等技术对高钛铁合金进行表征。研究结果表明:反应体系的绝热温度大于1 800 K,反应能自我维持进行;铝还原TiO2反应的单位质量热效应较低,铝还原铁氧化物反应的单位质量热效应较高;合金主要由TiFe2,Fe,TiO2和Al2O3等相组成,氧化物夹杂相的存在是合金中氧含量高以及合金微观缺陷存在的直接原因;合金中氧含量最低为2.62%;钛、铝、铁和硅质量分数分别为61.58～66.27%,4.05%～9.20%,16.15%～20.53%及2.78%～3.82%。     

铁铬铝合金裂纹产生时的声发射

通过声发射及扫描电镜技术，了铁铬铝合金裂纹形成的条件，结果表明，合金中热应力可产生微裂纹，内应力的存在以及环境氢的渗入，通常使盘条产生纵向裂6纹；合金的失效过程是一个通过声发射释放能量的过程。     

阳极极化法分析合金的耐蚀性能

本文通过测定Fe3Al合金、0Cr25Al5和Ni80Cr20合金在1NHCl溶液中的阳极极化曲线,结果发现随阳极电位的升高,三种合金的阳极极化曲线有着相同的变化规律．Ni80Cr20的电流密度最小,钝化电位最低,发生点蚀的电位也最高,耐盐酸腐蚀性能最好．而Fe3Al和0Cr25Al5合金的耐蚀性相当．     

Nb 对氢在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用

采用电化学氢渗透方法研究氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 和 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo-0.5Nb 合金中的扩散行为, 分析了 0.5%Nb(质量分数, 下同)对氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用. 研究结果表明: 当在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中添加 0.5%Nb 后, 合金的晶粒得到细化, 同时合金中析出大量弥散分布的细小 Fe$_{2}$Nb 相. 0.5%Nb 的添加大幅度降低了氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中的表观扩散系数, 使氢原子在合金中的扩散激活能提高了 50.3%. Nb 原子通过提高合金中的氢陷阱浓度, 有效降低了氢原子在 FeCrAlMo 基合金中的扩散速率.     

Al含量对Fe-Al合金中微观缺陷和价电子密度的影响

测量Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ和Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金的正电子寿命谱参数,计算合金基体和缺陷处的价电子密度。Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ和Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金基体的价电子密度（ｎｂ）分别为４１０×１０－２ａｕ和２３６×１０－２ａｕ,表明当Ａｌ和Ｆｅ结合形成Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ或Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金时,Ａｌ原子提供价电子与Ｆｅ原子的３ｄ电子形成局域的共价键,Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ和Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金中金属键和共价键共存。两种合金均有开空间大的缺陷,晶界缺陷处价电子密度（ｎｄ）〔１３２×１０－３ａｕ（Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ）,４７０×１０－３ａｕ（Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ）〕比基体的低,表明晶界处的键合力较弱。Ｆｅ４０Ａｌ合金晶界缺陷的开空间比Ｆｅ２８Ａｌ的大。     

Fe3Al基合金在模拟汽车尾气气氛中的腐蚀行为

研究了Fe-28Al-5Cr,Fe-28Al-5Cr-0.5Nb-0.1C合金及其采用钨极氩弧焊接的Fe3Al基合金焊缝,在模拟汽车尾气气氛中的腐蚀行为,分析了腐蚀产物的组成及形成机理,并与目前在汽车尾气系统应用的A3央钢及1Cr18Ni9不锈钢进行对比,结果表明,由于在实验条件下Fe3Al基合金及其焊缝表面形成了一层致密的Al2O3氧化膜,与不锈钢相同,显示出优良的抗蚀性能,与此相对比,由于A3钢表面形成疏松的Fe2O3膜容易剥落,而使腐蚀加剧。     

Hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of A2B7 type La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al-Mo alloys

The effect of Mo-addition on hydrogen storage and low-temperature electrochemical performances of La-Mg-Ni-Co-Al alloys is investigated. The alloys were synthetized via vacuum induction melting followed by annealing treatment at 1123 K for 8 h. The major phases in the annealed alloys are consisted of (La, Mg)2Ni7, (La, Mg)5Ni19 and LaNi5 phases. Mo-addition facilitates phase transformation of LaNi5 into (La, Mg)2Ni7 and (La, Mg)5Ni19 phases. Hydrogen absorption/desorption PCI curves indicates that the hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy increases remarkably with the addition of Mo. Furthermore, the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy shows excellent hydriding/dehydriding kinetics with a higher capacity, requiring only 100 s to reach its saturated hydrogen capacity of 1.58 wt% at low temperature of 303 K, and releasing 1.57 wt% hydrogen within 400 s at 338 K. Electrochemical experiments manifest that the Mo-added alloy electrode has perfect activation properties and the maximum discharge capacity. The low-temperature dischargeability shows that the La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.05Co0.2Al0.05Mo0.2 alloy exhibits the excellent low-temperature discharge performance, and the maximum discharge capacity is improved from 231.0 to 334.6 mAh/g at 253 K. The HRD property of the alloy electrode is enhanced, suggesting that Mo enhances the kinetic ability at low-temperature.     

放电等离子烧结Al20Cr20Fe25Ni25Mn10高熵合金的硬度和腐蚀性能研究

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术在不同温度（800、900和200°C）下保温不同时间（4、8和12 min）合成了Al₂₀Cr₂₀Fe₂₅Ni₂₅Mn₁₀高熵合金（HEA）。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪（EDS）、维氏显微硬度计、极化曲线等对合金的微观结构、显微硬度和腐蚀进行了实验研究。X-射线衍射（XRD）表征了所制备合金的成分。EDS结果显示不论烧结参数如何变化,合金均由原始合金元素组成。XRD、EDS和扫描电子显微镜的结果说明所制备的合金具有球形微观结构,呈现出面心立方结构相,这是基于固溶机制形成的。这表明SPS合金具有HEAs的特征。在1000°C保温 12 min生产的合金显微硬度最高,为HV 447.97,热处理后其硬度降至HV 329.47。同一合金表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能。烧结温度升高,Al₂₀Cr₂₀Fe₂₅Ni₂₅Mn₁₀合金可具有更高的密度、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性。     

热处理对Fe-Mn-Al(Cr)-C合金耐磨性能的影响

利用X射线衍射、电子探针和透射电镜 ,研究了Fe Mn Al(Cr) C合金经 1393K固溶处理后不同的时效状态下组织和耐磨性能的变化。结果表明 ,在 6 2 3K4小时时效状态下 ,材料的耐磨性能比其它状态的都好。     

Microstructure evolution and phase transformation of traditional cast and spray-formed hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloys induced by heat treatment

Microstructural evolution and phase transformation induced by different heat treatments of the hypereutectic aluminium-silicon alloy, Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu (wt%, signed as 3C), fabricated by traditional cast (TC) and spray forming (SF) processes, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The results show that Al₇Cu₂Fe phase can be formed and transformed in TC- and SF-3C alloys between 802–813 K and 800–815 K, respectively. The transformation from β-Al₅FeSi to δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase via peritectic reaction can occur at around 858–870 K and 876–890 K in TC- and SF-3C alloys, respectively. The starting precipitation temperature of δ-Al₄FeSi₂ phase as the dominant Fe-bearing phase in the TC-3C alloy is 997 K and the exothermic peak about the peritectic transformation of δ-Al₄FeSi₂→β-Al₅FeSi is not detected in the present DSC experiments. Also, the mechanisms of the microstructural evolution and phase transformation are discussed.     

自蔓延法制备铬铁合金

以Cr2O3,Fe2O3,Al为实验原料,采用自蔓延法制备铬铁合金,采用XRD技术对铬铁合金进行表征。研究结果表明:通过热力学计算,反应一经引发能够自我维持进行,加入硝酸钠作发热剂来补充热量,可以使铬铁合金熔体与熔渣更好地分离;制得的合金主要由Cr-Fe,Al2O3和Na2O等相组成。铬铁合金中铬的质量分数≥60%,相应的铁的质量分数≤35%,熔体中的熔渣(Al2O3和Na2O等)质量分数≤5%。     

Macrosegregation and the underlying mechanism in Ti-6.5Al-1.0Cr-0.5Fe-6.0Mo-3.0Sn-4.0Zr alloy

A novel method for the analysis of composition distribution of titanium alloys over a large area(64 mm × 72 mm) was investigated by exploring the original position statistic distribution based on spark spectrum(OPA-SS) in Ti-6.5 Al-1.0 Cr-0.5 Fe-6.0 Mo-3.0-Sn-4.0 Zr titanium alloy. The results showed that OPA-SS could characterize the distribution of elements in different positions on the titanium alloy. The macrosegregation of Sn was the most pronounced, with a statistic segregation degree higher than 18%; the macrosegregation of Mo followed with a statistic segregation degree of 10%; the macrosegregation of Al and Fe was relatively milder,lower than 8%. The main reason for the macrosegregation state of the as-cast Ti-6.5 Al-1.0 Cr-0.5 Fe-6.0 Mo-3.0 Sn-4.0 Zr alloy can be the solute redistribution during liquid solidification and the diffusion rate of each element in the solid phase.     

Microstructural characterization and hydrogenation performance of Zr_xV_5Fe(x=3-9) alloys

Zr_xV_5 Fe(x=3,5,7,8,9) alloys were designed to investigate the influence of Zr addition on hydrogenation performance.The alloys were prepared by arc melting and then annealed at 1273 K for 168 h.The results showed that the alloys were composed of α-Zr and C15-ZrV2 phases.The cell volume of C15-ZrV_2 phase firstly increased and then decreased as the content of Zr increased,while the reversed trend was found for the cell volume of α-Zr phase,which was related to the stoichiometric ratio of elements.α-Zr phase distributed in C15-ZrV2 phase matrix in Zr_xV_5 Fe(x=5,7,8,9) alloys,among which Zr7 V5 Fe alloy showed the best distribution.The PCT curves of the alloys under 623 K,673 K and 723 K showed that the hydrogen absorption plateau pressure of the phases in different alloys decreased gradually with the increasing content of Zr.However C15-ZrV2 phase in Zr7 V5 Fe alloy had the lowest hydrogen absorption plateau pressure at room temperature,which was consistent with the change tendency of the corresponding cell volume.Moreover,the kinetic curves of hydrogen absorption at 623 K revealed that Zr7 V5 Fe alloy with the smallest average particle size and the largest phase boundary area showed the fastest hydrogen absorption kinetics.Compared with other four alloys(including St707 alloy),Zr_7 V_5 Fe alloy is more suitable for the use of getter.     

La0.7Mg0.3Ni3.4-x(Al0.3Co0.4)0.2+x(x=0~0.3)合金电极电化学性能研究

在氩气保护下,采用悬浮熔炼法制备La0.7Mg0.3Ni3.4（Al0.3Co0.7）x（x=0,0.2,0.4,0.6）储氢合金,用X射线衍射仪测试相组成,并用MDI Jade 5.0软件分析相组成和晶胞参数,用开口三电极法测试电极电化学性能。结果表明,合金相主要由LaNi5、LaMg2Ni9、La2Ni7和LaNi2.28相组成,随着合金中Al和Co含量的增加,合金放氢平台压下降,最大吸氢量为1.43%（x=0）,合金电极最大放电容量Cmax为381mA.h.g-1（x=0）,合金电极100个充放循环后的容量保持率S100从53.0%（x=0）增加到57.1%（x=0.3）,循环稳定性增强。当x=0.1时,合金电极的电化学动力学性能较好。     

几种钴基合金在Na2SO4—K2SO4混合盐中高温腐蚀行为

本文对Co-30Cr、Co-30Cr-4Al、Co-25Cr-10Ni-4Al-5Ta-0.5Y3种合金在900℃与Na_2SO_4-K_2SO_4混合盐接触条件下的腐蚀进行了研究。结果表明,内硫化-内氧化是主要的破坏形式。Co-30Cr合金腐蚀程度最严重,富铬的内硫化物深入合金基体很深的部位。Co-30Cr-4Al合金中观察到一层细小的富铝内氧化物,通过35S放射性同位素示踪技术探测到了硫对合金基体的侵入。Co-25Cr-10Ni-4Al-5Ta-0.5Y合金中观察到少量富铝的内氧化物,且同时出现钽的富集。     

CuAlBeX系形状记忆合金记忆疲劳特性

用简单的恢复角法对自行设计并熔炼的ＣｕＡｌＢｅＸ系形状记忆合金进行了记忆能力与记忆寿命的探索,并与Ｃｕ２４．５Ｚｎ４Ａｌ合金对比,结果表明,Ｃｕ１１．６Ａｌ０．４Ｂｅ０．２Ｃｒ具有最佳的记忆能力与记忆寿命,尤其是正火状态,正火及正火并１００℃～２００℃时效状态以及淬火并１００℃～２００℃时效状态均有优良的记忆性能,具有工程应用前途。     

Effects of thermal aging temperature and Cr content on phase separation kinetics in Fe-Cr alloys simulated by the phase field method

Phase field simulations of phase separation in Fe-Cr binary alloys were performed by using the Cahn-Hilliard diffusion function. A new mobility model in relation to aging temperature and Cr content was used in the simulations. Two alloys of Fe-30at%Cr and Fe-35at%Cr were investigated at two different aging temperatures of 573 and 673 K. The phase separation kinetics was found to consist of three stages: wavelength modulation, amplitude increase, and coarsening of Cr-enriched regions. A higher thermal aging temperature accelerated the phase separation and increased the wavelength of concentration fluctuation. While the effect of Cr content on the phase separation kinetics was slight, Fe-Cr alloys with a higher Cr content were found to generate a larger number and a finer size of Cr-enriched regions. The simulation results provide consultation for design and safe operation of duplex stainless steel pipes in nuclear power plants.