不同类型拦挡坝拦蓄特征试验研究

由于陇南泥石流灾害破坏性强,拦挡坝拦蓄性能不清晰,因此本实验通过无泄水涵洞拦挡坝、有泄水涵洞拦挡坝及不设拦挡坝的对比试验,模拟了泥石流发生后坝体的拦蓄性能和流体特征。文章通过试验获取了坝后淤积物体积函数模型,并讨论了拦挡坝振动加速度、冲击力和槽底不同位置处含水率变化情况。结果表明：加拦挡坝减弱了泥石流对试验槽壁和槽底的陶蚀振动,无泄水涵洞拦挡坝因坝体封闭,短期内淤积了大量泥石流,导致其对试验槽的振动小、流通间隙短,对坝前的冲击力整体减弱,水石分离变差;有泄水涵洞拦挡坝因涵洞的汇流、疏通作用,导致其对试验槽振动较大、流通间隙较长,其坝后淤积量为无泄水涵洞拦挡坝的1/3,且因涵洞的分流作用,使其对坝前冲击力整体增大。分析含水率数据得出,淤积区和未淤积区的分界处,其含水率较其他部位低。基于上述单拦挡坝的性质,再加之陇南多数拦挡坝已淤满,因此,文中构绘了多坡度新型拦挡坝,其主要特征为,在坝体的背面设置了不同坡度的冲击面,其很好地减弱了泥石流的冲击力,多坡度面分别为跌水区、缓坡区、大角区。     

内置H型钢泥石流拦挡坝抗块石冲击性能研究

为了解决普通重力式泥石流拦挡坝在泥石流灾害中容易被大块石损毁的问题,充分利用H型钢塑性韧性好、抗冲击性能好的优点,提出了一种内置H型钢的新型泥石流拦挡坝(简称内置H型钢新型坝).运用有限元ABAQUS软件对其进行块石冲击作用下的数值模拟,从坝体的坝底支反力、顶部位移、加速度、能量吸收等方面与普通重力式泥石流拦挡坝进行动力响应的对比分析,结果表明:内置H型钢新型坝的支反力比普通坝可减小约1/2,新型坝的顶部位移是普通坝的9/13.混凝土与H型钢形成双重拦挡的效应,在混凝土崩裂后,H型钢仍具有较好的承载能力与变形能力.加入H型钢的新型坝改善了普通重力式泥石流拦挡坝的抗冲击性能,可有效减弱泥石流块石冲击的灾害.     

泥石流拦挡坝总坝高设定及坝后淤积计算

泥石流沟道治理中拦挡坝总坝高的设定和坝后淤积率的计算涉及治理工程的安全和经济效益,是一个无法回避的难点。以武都区已治理的23条沟道(共布设112道拦挡坝)作为研究对象进行比较分析,采用直线相关的回归方程对经验公式进行优化。结果表明:泥石流沟道运行9～11 a后,武都区43%的泥石流治理沟道总库容淤积和单坝淤积不足50%,属于过度治理;优化后的拦挡坝总高度计算公式既考虑了泥石流沟道治理的安全,又考虑了治理效益的最大化,更符合设计要求;推导的坝后回淤比降计算公式与原沟床建立了线性关系,便于设计人员应用,其计算结果约为治理前沟床比降的0.49～0.61倍,在前人研究的区间内,具有科学性和实用性。以上研究为武都区泥石流拦挡坝设计、创新及管理提供了可靠依据。     

新型泥石流拦挡坝的抗冲击性能

为解决泥石流拦挡坝在大块石冲击作用下容易破坏的问题,提出一种由前部钢架、中间弹簧、后部混凝土坝体组成的弹簧格构泥石流拦挡坝.应用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA对新型坝和普通重力式拦挡坝进行对比分析,得到坝体的应力分布情况及冲击力、位移的时程曲线.结果表明,新型坝较普通坝有优越的抗冲击性能,新型坝后坝的应力分布比普通坝更均匀且应力水平明显降低,弹簧格构坝的冲击力、位移较普通坝有显著降低.     

东川大、小白泥沟泥石流危险性评价与治理

东川区阿旺镇的大白泥沟和小白泥沟属于泥石流易发区,近年来,爆发的泥石流破坏了前期修建的拦挡坝工程,造成拦挡坝工程失效,新一轮的泥石流危险性评价和治理迫在眉睫.本文从与泥石流危险性相关的影响因子中优选出8个危险因子,运用层次分析法和熵权法的组合赋权法确定危险因子权重,并分析大、小白泥沟泥石流危险性,得出大白泥沟危险性为0...     

泥石流拦砂坝下游局部冲刷研究现状及展望

下游局部冲刷是影响泄水建筑物、泥石流拦砂坝安全运行的共同危害形式之一.对泄水建筑物与泥石流拦砂坝下游局部冲刷的准确认识,是防治下游局部冲刷的依据.以泄水建筑物与拦砂坝下游局部冲刷为研究对象,对下游局部冲刷坑深度计算、冲刷动力来源—水舌和泥舌的研究现状进行阐述与分析.总结得出:对泄水建筑物下游局部冲刷坑深度的计算已有较多计算公式及预测模型,关于其冲刷动力来源—水舌的水力特性也有较全面研究;拦砂坝下游局部冲刷的研究大多借鉴水利工程上的研究成果,然而泥石流属于非牛顿流体、不同于水流,并不能将泄水建筑物下游局部冲刷的研究成果简单应用于泥石流中。此外,对拦砂坝下游局部冲刷的动力来源—泥舌的水力特性认识不够充分.鉴于拦砂坝下游局部冲刷研究中存在的不足,探讨了未来可开展的工作:①基于物质组成和流速分布的泥舌水力特性研究;②基于动力演变过程的泥舌冲击力特征研究;③基于泥石流动力学过程的拦砂坝下游冲刷坑参数计算方法研究.     

桩板墙泥石流拦阻结构模型试验研究

我国地域辽阔,每年均发生大量的泥石流灾害,给人民的生命财产安全带来巨大威胁。随着我国的经济不断发展,越来越多的泥石流隐患被治理;但是泥石流的形成原因复杂,不仅仅与地形相关,还与气候、地质和地下水等因素有着密切联系,这也就导致泥石流治理工程中拦挡结构的形式必须要根据现场实际情况来确定。常见的拦挡结构有重力式坝等,近年来桩板墙也被引入到泥石流的治理工程,桩板墙具有强度高、节省材料和拦挡效果好等优点。以舟曲某泥石流沟中桩板墙泥石流拦挡结构为背景,设置了桩板墙模型,放置在水槽中模拟泥石流冲击桩板墙的过程,通过布置在桩板墙迎水面的压力传感器来分析桩板墙的受力情况,并综合桩板墙的拦挡效果、排水效果和坝后淤积等情况进行研究。得到(1)目前已知的泥石流治理工程和模型试验中的桩板墙拦挡效果均比较明显,能够可以有效拦挡泥石流固体物质冲出物;(2)现有部分桩板墙工点及模型试验表明:桩板墙拦挡结构在泥石流的前期,可以通过泄水孔将水及时排出;但是当桩板墙后部淤积的固体物质达到一定厚度时,会导致排水通道被堵塞,影响排水;(3)桩板墙在泥石流治理工程中的受力模式不同于其在边(滑)坡工程中的受力,试验表明泥石流拦挡工程中桩板墙受到的冲击力由上向下逐渐增大,且桩板墙中部受力普遍比边缘要大。     

江西武宁县东坪矿区地质环境问题及防治对策

通过对武宁东坪矿区地质环境背景和现状调查,分析矿区可能产生的地质环境问题,发现主要矿山地质环境问题为:滑坡型泥石流,地裂缝、地面塌陷以及地下水均衡系统破坏以及对土地的侵占和破坏.提出主要防治对策有:修筑拦挡坝和截水沟等防治滑坡型泥石流；加强采场和采空区地压控制和管理,防治地裂缝、地面塌陷以及地下水均衡系统破坏；利用土地...     

泥石流大块石冲击下钢拱拦挡坝的抗冲击性能

为使透水型拦挡坝更有效地拦蓄泥石流中的大块石,结合拱结构的受力特点,设计出一种钢拱结构.利用非线性有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA进行数值模拟,用钢球模拟泥石流大块石,分别对钢拱结构的两种坝体类型的3个典型部位进行大块石冲击下的动力响应模拟,从结构的应力、冲击力、位移3个方面进行对比分析.结果表明:与钢拱网格坝相比,钢拱混凝土网格坝的应力大小随着时间的增加,在同一荷载条件作用下应力减少的幅度为15.7%,冲击力峰值明显大于钢拱网格坝;位移较钢拱网格坝显著降低,说明钢拱混凝土网格坝具有良好的抗冲击性能.     

甘肃省武都区马槽沟泥石流特征及其治理工程效应

调查了马槽沟泥石流沟的地形地貌、地层岩性、松散物源、降雨等地质环境条件和人类工程活动情况,对比分析1990年竣工和"5.12"汶川地震后新修建的治理工程,研究其工程治理效应.结果表明马槽沟泥石流属中易发粘性泥石流.1988年马槽沟实施的拦挡工程使主沟道沟床比降由7.5%降为5.4%,起到了消减洪峰流量和泥沙输移量的作用;2009年新建拦挡工程库区淤满后,主沟道纵比降将变缓为3.77%,沟床平均宽从建坝前6.85 m淤宽到34.9m,百年一遇流量的泥石流在修建拦挡工程前后,经过沟口处的流速将减小54.4%,泥石流输移的最大粒径减小75.5%,说明马槽沟泥石流综合治理工程的实施能有效减少泥沙输出量,对扼制白龙江武都段河床淤积及长江中上游水土流失做出贡献,同时为北峪河流域泥石流灾害以及其他地区类似泥石流沟的治理提供理论依据和科学理念.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with