锂离子在LiMn2O4正极材料中的界面过程

采用交流阻抗法研究了锂离子在LiMn₂O₄正极材料中的界面过程.结果表明：LiMn₂O₄电极的交流阻抗复平面图中高频区的半圆，是由电解液中的锂离子在LiMn₂O₄表面吸附形成表面层的电阻和电容引起的，中频区的半圆是由电极LiMn₂O₄内的电荷转移反应电阻和双电层电容引起的，而低频区的直线则是由锂离子在LiMn₂O₄中的扩散引起的.     

硫化矿发电浸出过程的催化和强化研究

采用双电池技术,对Ag^ ,Ce^4 ,La^3 和Cu^2 等金属离子及辐照作用在硫化矿发电浸出过程中的影响进行了初步的研究．研究结果表明,由于矿物本体或矿物与浸出液的界面性质发生变化,使得发电浸出过程中电极极化程度减弱,输出电流、电压和相应的浸出速率提高。     

硫化矿发电浸出过程的催化和强化研究

采用双电池技术,对Ag ,Ce4 ,La3 和Cu2 等金属离子及辐照作用在硫化矿发电浸出过程中的影响进行了初步的研究.研究结果表明,由于矿物本体或矿物与浸出液的界面性质发生变化,使得发电浸出过程中电极极化程度减弱,输出电流、电压和相应的浸出速率提高.     

硫化矿发电浸出过程的催化和强化研究

采用双电池技术,对Ag+,Ce4+,La3+和Cu2+等金属离子及辐照作用在硫化矿发电浸出过程中的影响进行了初步的研究.研究结果表明,由于矿物本体或矿物与浸出液的界面性质发生变化,使得发电浸出过程中电极极化程度减弱,输出电流、电压和相应的浸出速率提高.     

电容平面图在交流阻抗数据处理中的应用

用复数电容的概念推导了电化学体系中理想极化电极,电化学极化电极及兼有电化学极化和浓 极化电极的复数电容表达式,根据表达式分析了上述体系的电容平面图,利用ＣＰＰ可以方便地监测体系的电容值,用电子元件或实际电极构成了上述体系的等效电路,测定了交流阻抗谱,得到了ＣＰＰ与理论推导一致。     

通气对硫化铜矿生物浸出过程中自由细菌和吸附细菌群落动态的影响研究

生物浸出回收低品位硫化铜矿中的铜金属具有操作简单、低能耗、节约经济等优点,成为了近年来的研究热点。然而低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出效率低是其面临的主要问题之一。本文为了促进生物浸出效率,研究了强制通气条件下的低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出过程中的铜浸出率、细菌群落动态演替等特征。结果表明,适当的通气可提高细菌浓度和铜浸出率。在通气时间为4 h·d?1时,浸矿14 d后的细菌浓度和铜离子浓度最高,分别为7.61×107 个·mL?1和704.9 mg·L?1。实验可得,吸附细菌在浸矿过程的前7 d起着重要作用,而自由细菌则是在第8 d到第14 d占主导地位。这一现象主要是由于浸出过程Fe3+水解形成钝化层所致,抑制了吸附细菌与矿石的接触。同时,通过16S rDNA分析可知,Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans和Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans对低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出过程具有重要影响。     

阳极电位对锆在异丙醇中溶解行为的影响

采用循环伏安法(CV)、计时电流法、交流阻抗法(EIS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X线光电子能谱(XPS)研究不同电位下锆在异丙醇溶液中阳极溶解行为。研究结果表明:当阳极电位为0~1.10 V时,锆表面存在氧化膜导致钝化,不发生活性溶解;交流阻抗复数平面图出现大的容抗弧;自腐蚀电位随时间延长而增大;当阳极电位大于1.10 V,Br~-击穿钝化膜使锆发生活性溶解,锆溶解属于点蚀,交流阻抗复数平面图在高频区出现容抗弧,在中频区出现感抗弧,在低频区出现Warburg阻抗;稳态点蚀电位处于1.10~1.20 V之间,点蚀的成核方式为瞬间三维成核,生长过程为扩散控制;提高阳极电位,点蚀加剧,腐蚀面积加大,腐蚀孔加深,容抗弧直径减小;锆表面钝化膜的主要成分为ZrO_2,在异丙醇溶液中溶解生成Zr(OC_3H_7)_4。     

利用PCR-DGGE技术分析硫化镍矿浸矿体系中的细菌群落演替

 浸矿体系中的菌群结构及其演替规律与浸出率具有密切的关系,为了解硫化镍矿浸矿体系中的这种关系以提高浸出率,利用PCR-DGGE(变性梯度凝胶电泳)技术结合16S rRNA基因序列对体系的细菌种群结构进行分析.研究表明,在硫化镍矿浸矿体系中,菌群组成菌属为嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌属(Acidithiobacillus),并在浸矿体系中具有明显的演替现象,浸矿体系中的菌株演替和浸出率具有明显的相关性,经过21d的浸出,硫化镍矿的浸出率达到70%,探索浸矿体系中细菌的种群结构及其演替与浸出率的关系,对优化浸出体系菌群组成,提高浸出率具有指导作用.     

利用农业废弃物发酵产生的残渣提高低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出铜的回收率

生物浸出回收低品位硫化铜矿中的铜金属具有操作简单、低能耗、节约经济等优点,低品位硫化铜矿生物浸出效率低是其面临的主要问题之一。本文为了促进生物浸出效率,研究了农业废弃物发酵产生的残渣对低品位硫化铜矿石生物浸出、铜浸出率和细菌群落的影响。研究结果表明,添加适量农业废弃物发酵产生的残渣有助于低品位硫化铜矿的生物浸出,这主要是通过减少Fe3+水解形成的钝化层来实现的。浸矿过程中添加5 g·L1农业废弃物发酵产生的残渣后,铜浸出率提高到了78.35%,细菌浓度提高到了每毫升9.56 107个。同时,通过16S rDNA分析可知,添加农业废弃物发酵产生的残渣可以影响微生物群落。添加农业废弃物发酵产生的残渣后,各个实验样本间差异变大,最大值达到0.375。在生物浸矿实验过程中,添加5 g·L1农业废弃物发酵产生的残渣的实验样本中Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans所占比例最高,达到了28.63%。     

Cu-P-RE耐候钢的耐蚀性能

通过干湿周浸加速腐蚀实验研究了不同稀土含量的耐候钢和对比普碳钢的腐蚀行为及其耐蚀性能.采用失重法测得了各试样的腐蚀率;结果发现,稀土耐候钢的腐蚀率远远低于普碳钢的,不同稀土含量的耐候钢的耐腐蚀性不尽相同.采用电化学交流阻抗技术对带锈钢样的表面锈层结构及电化学反应过程进行了研究,提出在本实验条件下钢电化学腐蚀的等效电路模型,计算出锈层电阻、极化阻抗等表征锈层性能的电化学元件参数值.稀土耐候钢锈层中存在半无限扩散和有限厚度扩散两种过程,有限厚度扩散极化阻抗反映了耐候钢内锈层的保护性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-