纸塑粘结用改性苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯乳液研制

根据分子设计原理,对苯丙(苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯)乳液配方工艺进行优化,重点考察了引发剂、乳化剂及功能性单体的用量对苯丙胶乳的粒子形貌、储存稳定性、粘度及粘结强度等性质的影响.结果表明,m(苯乙烯)∶m(丙烯酸丁酯)≈1∶1,引发剂和功能性单体的质量分数分别为单体总量的0.3%和2%,阴离子、非离子乳化剂复配使用,并采用引发剂滴加工艺,制备的胶乳具有较好的纸塑粘结性能.     

微波合成窄分布无皂P(St-co-AA)胶乳粒子

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在微波辐照下对苯乙烯/丙烯酸(St/AA)共聚体系进行无皂乳液聚合,运用动态激光光散射技术对胶乳粒子进行了表征。在固定引发剂用量的条件下,研究了不同单体配比对聚合物胶乳粒子的大小及分布的影响,结果表明,AA的加入使得胶体粒子的尺寸变小,分布变窄。     

载银壳聚糖接枝香草醛胶乳的制备及抗菌性

为了增强壳聚糖的抗菌活性和拓展其应用领域,在其基体中引入了纳米银粒子,并对其进行了接枝改性。采用微波辐射法将香草醛与壳聚糖接枝,然后用香草醛还原硝酸银,得到均匀分散于壳聚糖香草醛接枝物(CS-g-VA)胶乳中的纳米银粒子,即Ag/CS-g-VA复合胶乳。探讨了制备Ag/CS-g-VA复合胶乳的影响因素,并采用SEM,TEM,FTIR,XRD,UV-vis和TG-DSC等对其进行了结构和热性能表征。结果表明合成Ag/CS-g-VA的较理想条件:香草醛的质量分数为6.0%,CS-g-VA的质量分数为4.0%,硝酸银的浓度为0.20 mol/L。通过抗菌测试研究了Ag/CS-g-VA对大肠杆菌和枯草杆菌的抑制作用,结果显示Ag/CS-g-VA复合胶乳具有比单一壳聚糖抗菌剂更高效的抗菌性能。     

PB-g-SAN弹性体的合成及其对SAN树脂的增韧

采用种子乳液聚合技术在聚丁二烯(PB)乳胶粒子上接枝共聚苯乙烯(St)和丙烯腈(AN)合成了一系列PB质量分数为40%的PB g SAN弹性体·研究了共聚单体中叔 十二烷基硫醇(TDDM)质量分数对SAN共聚物接枝行为、弹性体粒子结构及其动态力学性能的影响·结果发现,随着单体中TDDM质量分数的增加,SAN在PB上的接枝率和接枝效率降低,弹性体粒子中SAN包容结构的尺寸增大,在低温区的动态剪切模量下降·将其与SAN树脂共混后发现在共聚单体中引入TDDM后提高了弹性体粒子的增韧效率·     

微波辐照下压力对合成苯乙烯——甲基丙烯酸甲酯纳米乳液的影响

 在微波辐照和有压力条件下,以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,苯乙烯(ST)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为共聚单体进行乳液聚合.在不同的压力下(从 0.4～0.8MPa)进行了聚合反应的研究.动态激光散射和透射电镜的结果都表明在上述条件下仅反应 10min,即可得到无皂纳米粒子胶乳,其平均粒子水化半径受压力影响较小.但压力对聚合转化率的影响较大,压力增加,转化率降低.而在通常加热的条件下用同样的配方,反应慢且无法得到纳米粒子胶乳.     

水性预交联聚丙烯酸酯涂料印花粘合剂的合成研究

通过预交联技术合成出水性聚丙烯酸酯涂料印花粘合剂.研究了交联单体、功能单体、乳化剂和引发剂对聚合反应的影响.结果表明,交联单体的选择及用量是预交联技术的关键;功能单体对胶乳粒子大小及分布有较大影响;用阴/非离子复配的乳化剂能使聚合体系达到较好的稳定性;引发剂为单体总量的0.6%.     

乙烯基单体乳液接枝改性氯丁胶乳的制备及其机理

采用乳液聚合法,使用氧化还原引发剂,将乙烯基单体(甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯,即MMA和St)接枝到氯丁胶乳上,研究了乳化体系、引发体系、单体/聚合物质量比及单体组成、反应温度对单体转化率、接枝效率等的影响,并进一步分析了乳液接枝机理.结果表明,MMA和St接枝改性氯丁胶乳的最佳工艺条件为:聚合温度50℃,反应时间5.5h,引发剂叔丁基过氧化氢-四乙烯五胺占氯丁胶乳干重的0.5%,单体/聚合物质量比为3:5,MMA与St质量比为3:2,单体以滴加方式加入,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠用量占单体总重1.5%.在此条件下,单体转化率可达99.6%,接枝效率为54.9%.红外光谱和凝胶含量分析证明MMA和St接枝到氯丁胶乳主链上.该条件下合成的接枝共聚物乳液配制成的胶粘剂对PVC人造革、SBS橡胶、海绵等具有良好的粘接性能.接枝反应活性点在氯丁胶乳胶粒的表面,接枝过程是一个表面控制过程.     

基于可聚合乳化剂高固高羟基含量苯丙微乳液的合成

采用连续滴加预乳液的种子乳液聚合法，合成出固含量为42.76%、乳化剂质量分数为1%的具有核壳结构的苯乙烯丙烯酸酯微乳液. 考察了乳化剂用量、羟基单体用量、甲基丙烯酸的用量等因素对乳液粒径及性能的影响. 结果表明，聚合在相当于Winsor I型的聚合体系中进行，由纯单体相(滴入的单体)和O/W微乳相构成，上层单体只起储存库的作用，它在缓慢的搅拌下扩散进入微乳相中. 只要微乳液液面上补加的单体不扰动微乳液的平衡，就不会产生粗粒子. 单体滴加时间控制在2 h，油酸钠∶OP 10=1∶1(质量比)，NaHCO_3占单体质量分数的0.15%，反应温度控制在78～82 ℃，可使聚合反应平稳进行.     

聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯纳米粒子乳液的制备工艺

聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯具有优良的性能,在诸多领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文以二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,采用乳液聚合法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯纳米粒子,探索了交联剂EGDMA、引发剂过硫酸钾(KPS)和乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)等对纳米粒子的粒径、乳液固含量、单体转化率的影响规律。实验结果表明,EGDMA、KPS、SDS加入量分别为10%(单体摩尔分数)、0.4%(单体摩尔分数)和0.4%(质量分数)时,制备得到的乳液单体转化率达95%,乳液凝聚率低,得到的聚合物粒径达到45nm。     

丙烯酸酯自交联高分子微球的研究

采用半连续种子乳液聚合方法合成了聚丙烯酸丁酯／聚（丙烯酯丁酯－甲基丙烯酸甲酯－交联单体）核／壳型胶乳，用ＴＥＭ、ＡＵＴＯＳＩＺＥＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＴＧ及ＩＲ等手段对胶粒进行表征，探讨３种不同交联单体及含量以胶粒结构形态、胶乳性能及胶膜性能的影响，结果表明：尽管交联单体不同，但胶粒都量核／壳结构；随交联单体含量减少，粒径逐渐减小；交联单体尽可能地分布在粒子表面；热处理过程中功能基团之间发生交联反应，使得胶     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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