关节片上位置伺服系统控制器的实现

提出了一种关节片上位置伺服系统控制器的设计方案,并在一片可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)中得到了具体验证和实现.该方案利用FPGA的硬件逻辑单元实现了关节内部所有传感器信息的采集、M/T法测速、电机的脉宽调制和矢量控制,并在FPGA内嵌入了NIOS II软核处理器和控制器局域网CAN总线控制器,实现了关节空间的轨迹规划、位置控制以及与主控计算机的CAN总线通讯.通过SOPC Builder工具实现了硬件逻辑单元和软核控制器的集成.实验结果表明,设计的关节片上位置伺服系统可有效地提高关节控制器系统的集成度,从而减小了电路板的尺寸,增强了系统的抗干扰能力和关节控制性能.     

机械臂系统任务空间同步的自适应间歇控制

针对由拉格朗日方程描述的参数不确定机械臂系统,提出了一种自适应间歇控制器使得机械臂系统在任务空间可以达到同步.即在任务空间中,对于给定的目标位置,机械臂末端执行器能够在间歇控制下到达目标位置.该控制器的设置与现有的大多数机械臂控制成果不同,控制器不用连续接收期望轨道信息而且考虑任务空间来取代关节空间,引入的推广的Bar...     

环境约束可重构机械臂模块化力/位置控制

针对受环境约束的可重构机械臂系统,提出了一种自适应神经网络模块化力/位置控制方法.利用雅克比矩阵将机械臂末端与环境接触力映射到各关节,将系统动力学模型描述成一组通过耦合力矩相关联的子系统集合,通过控制各子系统的位置和力矩来达到控制末端执行器位置和接触力的目的.利用神经网络估计可重构机械臂系统的非线性项和交联项,通过自适应更新律在线估计神经网络权值函数,并引入滑模控制项补偿估计误差,从而保证闭环系统渐近稳定.最后,在不改变控制器参数的条件下对2个不同构形的2自由度可重构机械臂进行数值仿真,结果验证了所设计控制器的有效性.     

高集成度空间机械臂模块化关节的研制

采用大中心孔设计方法成功地研制了高集成度空间机械臂模块化关节.该关节具有多种传感器,包括位置传感器、力矩传感器、温度传感器等,它的所有电气系统都集成在关节内部,包括传感系统、驱动系统、控制系统和电源系统.采用中心孔走线方式实现了关节的内部走线,避免了空间环境对导线及其传输信号的影响.针对所设计的关节进行了必要的关节性能实验,结果表明该模块化关节具有高刚度、大负载特点,其关节的位置输出能精确跟踪期望的轨迹,位置精度非常高,达到了0.01°.     

无末端力传感器的可重构机械臂分散力控制

针对存在关节摩擦和外扰的可重构机械臂系统在受限空间内的力控制问题,提出一种无需使用力传感器即可同时控制受限空间内机械臂力和位置的分散阻抗内环/力外环控制方案.采用模糊系统逼近机械臂系统中的不确定项及子系统间的耦合关联项,通过基于模糊预测的力外环控制器为内环的阻抗控制器提供参考轨迹,并利用模糊系统逼近实际的接触力.该方案为没有力传感器情况下的可重构机械臂的力控制提供了一种可能的解决方案,且模糊预测调节参考轨迹的阻抗内环控制使机械臂具有一定的柔顺性,能较好地实现机械臂由自由空间向受限空间的过渡.通过对2自由度平面机械臂和3自由度机械臂的仿真验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于CAN总线通讯的机械臂控制系统设计

多关节机械臂在工业自动化中有着广泛的应用.介绍了多关节机械臂系统的原理及实现,阐述了本机械臂的控制系统硬件设计,详细分析了机械臂通信模块设计和基于SJA1000的CAN总线建立通信的过程,试验表明这种控制方式能很好地控制多关节机械臂的运动.     

基于粒子群算法的空间机械臂关节驱动力矩优化设计

采用绝对节点坐标方法对空间柔性机械臂臂杆进行动力学建模,采用自然坐标法对机械臂关节进行建模,最终得到刚柔耦合的空间机械臂动力学模型.对冗余自由度机械臂进行逆运动学分析,由规划的末端轨迹得到了含自运动项的关节转角轨迹.利用动力学方程中Lagrange乘子的物理意义,对机械臂系统进行逆动力学分析,推导了关节轴瓦与轴颈在运动过程中受到的关节驱动力/力矩.利用粒子群算法优化机械臂的自运动项,得到了最小化的关节驱动力矩能耗,从而形成了一种冗余空间机械臂关节驱动力矩优化设计新方法.在平面三连杆柔性机械臂进行了数值仿真,仿真结果表明:所提出的方法在实现末端轨迹跟踪的同时,能有效降低关节力矩能耗;得到的关节力矩连续性好,能够满足工程实际需要.      

一种前馈补偿和模糊滑模相结合的柔性机械臂控制

针对柔性关节机器人控制系统中存在的扰动力、摩擦力、参数变化以及建模误差等问题,将扰动力分为确定性扰动和不确定性扰动、摩擦力分为线性和非线性部分,并在此基础上提出了一种前馈补偿和模糊滑模相结合的鲁棒控制器.机器人自身结构的相关量、确定性扰动以及摩擦力的线性部分,可以通过控制器的计算力矩和前馈补偿部分进行有效控制,并通过模糊滑模控制器来克服外界的不确定性扰动、摩擦力的非线性部分、参数变化以及建模误差等.在HIT四自由度柔性机械臂上进行了控制器的相关实验,实验结果表明,该控制器具有良好的位置跟踪性能和较强的抗干扰能力.     

漂浮基空间机械臂姿态与末端爪手协调运动的模糊变结构滑模控制

讨论了载体姿态受控、位置不受控制情况下,漂浮基空间机械臂载体姿态与末端爪手协调运动的控制问题.结合系统动量守恒关系,分析、建立了空间机械臂系统运动的Jacob i关系及完全能控形式的系统动力学方程.在此基础上,应用变结构滑模控制理论设计了空间机械臂载体姿态与末端爪手惯性空间轨迹协调运动的变结构滑模控制方案;为了克服上述变结构滑模控制器抖振的缺点,附加设计了一个模糊控制器,以根据系统的控制输出来动态调节变结构滑模控制器等速趋近率的系数,从而达到既保证系统具有快速响应又能消除原有控制器具有抖振缺点的目的.系统数值仿真运算,证明了上述控制方案的有效性.     

空间机械臂冲击动力学建模及冲击后运动控制

通过对漂浮基空间机械臂冲击动力学的建模,计算出完成抓取操作后空间机械臂各关节的运动速度,从而为数值仿真计算提供初始条件.针对目标物体及空间机械臂系统惯性参数存在未知的情况,设计了冲击后空间机械臂及目标物体组合系统的载体姿态及关节运动滑模神经网络控制,并对平面自由漂浮空间机械臂系统抓取目标物体的操作及冲击后控制进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明,空间机械臂抓取目标物体时的冲击对系统有重大的影响,所设计的控制方案可保证系统对期望运动的追踪.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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