中华按蚊RNAi技术平台的建立及应用

【目的】建立一套经济、便捷及高效的RNAi技术平台。【方法】以中华按蚊(Anopheles sinensis)为模式物种,从材料固定、注射部位、注射剂量等方面进行改进,并利用该平台沉默中华按蚊黑色素代谢途径中在蛹期表达的一个关键基因,以验证该技术平台的操作性。【结果】建立了中华按蚊显微注射平台,通过摸索和改进注射操作技术,利用该平台成功地实现了幼虫、蛹和成蚊的显微注射;同时,有效地沉默了该关键基因的表达,获得了黑化缺陷的蛹表型。【结论】该平台体系的建立,不仅为中华按蚊功能基因的研究提供了分析手段,同时也为其他涉及显微注射的技术体系提供了参考。     

中华按蚊RNAi技术平台的建立及应用

【目的】建立一套经济、便捷及高效的RNAi技术平台。【方法】以中华按蚊(Anopheles sinensis)为模式物种,从材料固定、注射部位、注射剂量等方面进行改进,并利用该平台沉默中华按蚊黑色素代谢途径中在蛹期表达的一个关键基因,以验证该技术平台的操作性。【结果】建立了中华按蚊显微注射平台,通过摸索和改进注射操作技术,利用该平台成功地实现了幼虫、蛹和成蚊的显微注射;同时,有效地沉默了该关键基因的表达,获得了黑化缺陷的蛹表型。【结论】该平台体系的建立,不仅为中华按蚊功能基因的研究提供了分析手段,同时也为其他涉及显微注射的技术体系提供了参考。
     

关于小鼠显微注射体外受精及受精卵体外发育和移植的研究

用显微注射技术将精子(或精核)注入卵周隙(或卵细胞质)使卵受精,是近十年来生殖生物学基础研究的新途径,用此方法进行体外受精,可克服因免疫因素、精子寡少、精子弱动等因素造成的不孕症,九十年代初国外将此方法用于人类临床上已获得成功。本研究以昆明小白鼠为实验对象,通过精子显微注射方法完成体外受精,并对显微受精卵的存活率、受精卵体外培养的卵裂率、发育率及发育胚胎的移植进行了系统的研究,并获得由微注射精子体外受精卵发育而成的后代。     

生产转基因动物的技术方法及效率

目前世界上生产转基因动物大致有四种方法 ,其中原核显微注射、体细胞的核移植、反转录病毒侵染未受精卵是三种常用的技术方法     

利用TALEN技术制备HE4（WFDC2）敲除小鼠模型

目的 利用显微注射技术和 TALEN技术构建HE4（WFDC2）敲除小鼠并对其进行表型分析。方法 设计Wfdc2敲除位点,构建TALEN载体,体外转录TALENs获得mRNA并通过显微注射技术注射到C57BL/6 J小鼠受精卵,对F0代小鼠进行DNA鉴定获得HE4（WFDC2）敲除小鼠,观察并统计 HE4（WFDC2）敲除小鼠出生及存活情况。结果 在Wfdc2第一个外显子上设计了TALEN识别剪切位点,向受精卵注射TALENs mRNA获得了24只F0代小鼠,其中1只发生移码突变,成功制备了HE4（WFDC2）敲除小鼠,并发现纯合 HE4敲除小鼠出生后在短时间内致死。结论 通过TALEN技术成功制备HE4（WFDC2）敲除小鼠,纯合HE4（WFDC2）敲除小鼠出生致死。     

基于微型机器人的显微注射系统设计与实验

针对传统显微注射操作中手动操作难度大、成本高等问题,设计了一种基于微型机器人的低成本显微注射系统.首先,介绍三自由度微型机器人、信号控制器和功率放大器的结构和设计原理.其次,分析机器人在平面和垂直方向的运动性能.在驱动信号100 Hz时,平面尺蠖式蠕动速度可达32.5μm/步;在驱动信号高于200 Hz时,步进分辨率小于5μm;垂直方向运动最大范围5 mm,最小分辨率达2μm,满足实际要求.最后,设计了显微针对插、虾卵细胞吸附固定实验和虾卵细胞注射实验,结果表明,本文方案操作简单、重复性强,显微注射成功率达88%.     

原生质体融合和转化技术的进展

本文通过文献查阅,对原生质体融合和转化技术进行了下列综述: 原生质体融合—灭活融合;电融合;荧光标记融合;激光融合等。 原生质体转化—显微注射;脂质体法;电击穿法;基因直接转化等。     

基因工程小鼠制备和保种、育种技术研究

摘要: 本文从小鼠的超数排卵、采集胚胎、原核受精卵显微注射、胚胎移植、基因型鉴定等多个环节,详细阐述制备基因工程小鼠的技术操作要领; 通过实施辅助生殖技术IVF( 体外受精) 、精子和胚胎的冷冻、复苏技术实现了基因工程小鼠的保种和育种,涉及相关技术的要点改进和操作体会,成功建成了基因工程小鼠的制备和保种、育种平台,提供了良好的技术服务。     

有效微注射和移植受精卵建立转基因鼠

试验研究了转基因小鼠建立中的受精卵显微注射和移植，对获得受精卵、有效注射及移植易出现的问题和解决方法进行了讨论，对注射后的受精卵的移植加以改进，建立了人Ｇ－ＣＳＦ转基因小鼠模型．     

基于拉曼光谱对人舌鳞癌动物模型建立的检测

建立人舌鳞癌细胞体外癌变模型, 采用激光共焦显微拉曼光谱仪对其进行检测,从分子层面对其进行分析. 方法: 通过培养CAL-27细胞,然后注射在裸鼠皮下成瘤,在通过激光共焦显微拉曼光谱仪和HE染色观察其癌变的情况. 结果:①正常皮肤组织的切片图上可见,其细胞层次清晰,整齐,但是肿瘤组织发现上皮异常增生,细胞多形性,结构层次非常不清楚;②采用共焦显微拉曼拉曼光谱技术并结合主成分分析法和线性辨别技术分类健康裸鼠和人舌鳞癌细胞体外癌变组织的拉曼光谱得到灵敏度为98.4%,特异性为95%,诊断率为96.7%,并发现该方法可以很好的对该动物模型进行在体的检测.     

微喷技术在生物医药领域的应用

 微喷射是微流体控制系统的一个重要组成部分,是微量流体在惯性力与黏性力交替作用下实现的脉冲流动。微喷射流体的驱动技术和与驱动技术相应的微喷嘴制造技术是微喷射过程正常实现所需要的两项关键技术支撑。作为一种新型的工艺,数字化微喷射技术在微机械和微器件制造、医学、生物工程、制药工程等领域获得了一定发展和初步应用。本文从微喷射的原理出发,介绍微喷技术及其应用范围,并结合图例叙述数字化微喷技术在生物芯片微阵列制备、细胞显微注射、药物涂层心脏支架生产、微胶囊制造、可控释放药物制造等生物医药领域的应用及其特点,指出微喷技术发展的研究方向以及应用研究的重要意义。     

Advances in mammalian spermatogonial stem cell transplantation

Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation is a novel technique by which testicular cells from normal, transgenic or mutant donor are introduced into the seminiferous tubules of recipient testes through microinjection. Subsequently, donor SSCs survive,migrate, anchor and proliferate in the recipient testis, furthermore, initiate spermatogenesis and even produce sperms capable of fertilization. This technique provides a new approach for the researches of spermatogenesis mechanism, regeneration of spermatogenesis in sterile individuals and reproduction of transgenic animals. This review focuses on the methodological breakthroughs and highlights the recent findings that have substantially increased understanding of SSC biology. The article provides a comprehensive overview of this technique and its multiple applications in basic science and medicine. And the perspective direction of this field in the near future is proposed.     

Expression of biologically active human clotting factor Ⅸ(hFⅨ) in the mammary gland of transgenic mice

The DNA of human factor Ⅸ (hFⅨ) gene vector pMCⅨm, which had been proven to be able to express in in vitro and living cells, was introduced into 586 zygotes of Kunming White Mice by positive pressure microinjection technique with manual operation. The 499 survival embryos after microinjection were then transferred into pseudopregnant recipient mice and 216 F 0 pups were born. The analysis of PCR and Southern blot hybridization showed that, of the 216, 6 (2 females and 4 males) were integrated with foreign DNA in their genomes, giving an integration frequency of 3% (6/216). Two F\-0 female transgenic mice could express hFⅨ protein in their milk and the content was over 100 ng/mL as measured with ELISA. The biological activities of hFⅨ in the milk of two F\-0 mice were 44 67% and 79 43%, respectively.     

Germ cell transplantation in infertility mouse

This work investigated the spermatogenesis in an infertility BALB/c-nu mouse model by reinfusing germline stem cells into seminiferous tubules. Donor germ cells were isolated from male FVB/NJ-GFP trensgenic mice. Seminiferous tubule microinjection was applied to achieve intratubular germ cell transfer. The germ cells were injected into exposed testes of the infertility mice. We used green fluorescence and DNA analysis of donor cells from GFP transgenic mice as genetic marker. The natural mating and Southern blot methods were applied to analyze the effect of sperm cell transplantation and the sperm function after seminiferous tubule microinjection. The spermatogenesis was morphologically observed from the seminiferous tubules in 41/60 （68.33%） of the injected recipient mice using allogeneic donor cells. In the colonized testes, matured spermatozoa were seen in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. In this research, BALB/c-nu infertility mouse model, the recipient animal, was used to avoid immunological rejection of donor cells, and germ cell transplantation was applied to overcome infertility caused by busulfan treatment. These results demonstrate that this technique of germ cell transplantation is of great use. Germ cell transplantation could be potentially valuable to oncological patients.     

Expression of biologically active human clotting factor IX (hF IX) in the mammary gland of transgenic mice

The DNA of human factor IX (hF IX) gene vector pMC IX m, which had been proven to be able to express inin vitro and living cells, was introduced into 586 zygotes of Kunming Whlte Mice by positive pressure microinjection technique with manual operation. The 499 survival embryos after microinjection were then transferred into pseudopregnant recipient mice and 216 F, pups were born. The analysis of PCR and Southern blot hybridization showed that, of the 216, 6 (2 females and 4 males) were integrated with foreign DNA in their genornes, giving an integration frequency of 3% (6/216). Two F₀ female transgenic mice could express hF IX protein in their milk and the content was over 100 ng/mL as measured with ELISA. The biological activities of hF IV in the milk of two F₀ mike were 44.67 % and 79.43 %, respectively.     

RNAi技术研究进展

RNAi是由双链RNA引起的基因沉默现象，它通过降解具有同源序列的mRNA起作用，特殊设计的siRNA能使目的基因发生特异性沉默．目前，获得siRNA已经非常方便，导入方式最常用的是微注射．RNAi技术有编码区RNAi和启动子区RNAi两大类，均可以产生类似基因敲除的功能。在家蚕功能基因的研究中已经使用了这种方法．随着RNAi技术的不断进步，RNAi可广泛地应用到功能基因组学，药物靶点筛选，疾病治疗等方面．     

Bioorganic synthesis of lipid-modified proteins for the study of signal transduction

Biological membranes define the boundaries of the cellular compartments in higher eukaryotes and are active in many processes such as signal transduction and vesicular transport. Although post-translational lipid modification of numerous proteins in signal transduction is crucial for biological function, analysis of protein-protein interactions has mainly focused on recombinant proteins in solution under defined in vitro conditions. Here we present a new strategy for the synthesis of such lipid-modified proteins. It involves the bacterial expression of a carboxy-terminally truncated non-lipidated protein, the chemical synthesis of differently lipidated peptides representing the C terminus of the proteins, and their covalent coupling. Our technique is demonstrated using Ras constructs, which exhibit properties very similar to fully processed Ras, but can be produced in high yields and are open for selective modifications. These constructs are operative in biophysical and cellular assay systems, showing specific recognition of effectors by Ras lipoproteins inserted into the membrane surface of biosensors and transforming activity of oncogenic variants after microinjection into cultured cells.     

共培养法获得MC15—昆明嵌合鼠

嵌合鼠的获得是通过ＥＳ细胞途径得到转基因小鼠的关键环节。以ＭＣ１５为供体ＥＳ细胞，用昆明品系小鼠８细胞期的胚胎为受体胚胎，采用共培养方法我们获得了２只毛色嵌合鼠。通过与囊胚显微注射法比较，表明这种方法是方便可行的。