异速比对异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材组织和织构的影响

采用不同异速比对AZ31镁合金板材进行异步轧制,并将轧后样品进行显微组织和X射线衍射分析,研究异速比对镁合金板材组织和织构转变的影响. 结果表明:异速比的变化对晶粒形貌影响较大但晶粒细化效果不明显;当异速比为2.800时,板材内出现了长条晶粒;快速辊侧{0002}基面织构强度高于慢速辊侧,且板材两侧表面{0002}晶面的偏转方向相反;异速比对基面织构的强度影响显著,随着异速比的增大,基面织构的强度先增加后下降. 这种特殊的织构变化与异步轧制过程中沿厚度方向引入的剪切变形有关.     

异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材的组织性能研究

采用异速比为1．05的异步轧机,在600K和650K温度下,对AZ31镁合金进行道次压下量分别为5％,10％及20％的异步轧制,并将所得板材与同步轧制板材进行对比．实验结果表明：异步轧制不能从本质上改变AZ31镁合金的基面织构组分,但能在一定程度上削弱（0001）基面织构;异步轧制能减少镁合金板材中的孪晶并促进动态再结晶的发生,使板材的晶粒组织细化和均匀化,从而提高镁合金的塑性变形能力,与同步轧制板材相比,异步轧制板材的室温强度稍有降低,但轧向与横向延伸率均提高了约33％。     

热轧AZ31镁合金薄板的室温成形性

针对AZ31镁合金板材室温冲压成形较差的特点,采用不同轧制温度获得镁合金板材,使用半球形凸模胀形,绘制镁合金室温成形极限图并分析轧制温度对镁合金板材组织和室温成形能力的影响.发现AZ31镁合金板材的成形性能不仅与晶粒尺寸有关,还与晶粒取向有关.基面织构的减弱可明显提高板材的胀形性能,在基面织构强度相似的情况下,晶粒尺寸对板材的成形性能起决定性影响.     

中间退火及轧制工艺对Al-Mg-Li合金塑性开裂及晶粒细化的影响

采用机械热处理法制各Al-Mg-Li合金细晶板材,研究预热温度、中间退火温度及转向轧制对板材塑性开裂及品粒细化的影响.结果表明:板材在低温(≤300℃)轧制时往往开裂,将轧制温度提高到400℃,可获得无开裂的板材,但经再结晶退火后的晶粒组织粗大,约为16μm;降低中间退火温度虽然可以明显提高晶粒细化程度,但退火后采用单向轧制,当形变量较大时,板材会出现开裂问题;中间退火后采用转向轧制,不但大形变量F板材轧制不开裂,而且细化晶粒及减小板材厚度方向层状分布的程度,再结晶后2个表面层的晶粒细小等轴,平均晶粒粒径为9.26 μm;中心层晶粒组织相对粗大略成扁平状,平均晶粒粒径为12.73 μm,约占板材总厚度的1/5.     

工业纯钛板材冷轧及退火微观组织和织构演变规律

采用先进电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术,深入研究了冷轧工艺变化和道次间退火处理对工业纯钛板材微观组织和织构演变的影响规律。通过对比不同一次冷轧变形量样品经退火和二次冷轧加工后的EBSD取向分布图、取向差角分布图和极图得知,一次冷轧产生的孪晶对退火再结晶晶粒尺寸及晶粒取向（织构）产生重要的影响,进而又影响二次冷轧的变形组织和织构特征,使二次冷轧变形孪晶的生成受到一定程度的抑制,孪晶分数随着轧制变形量的提高呈现先升高后降低的规律,同时会降低二次冷轧组织中{0001}基面织构组分。     

铸态镁合金大压下轧制对组织和边裂的影响

主要研究了道次压下率和轧制道次数对AZ31B扁锭坯大压下轧制所制备板材边裂以及微观组织的影响.轧制工艺为350℃下两道次或四道次大压下轧制.金相观察、边裂统计和XRD织构分析表明:当总压下率达到37%时,轧板开始出现边裂;并且裂纹深度随着压下率的增大而增加.随着压下率的增加,孪晶明显增多.当总压下率达到54%时,大部分区域已完成再结晶;进一步增大压下率,组织中出现变形局域化现象;当总压下率为82%,轧制道次增多时,边裂出现一定程度减弱,同时基面织构分布由双峰变为单峰.     

大应变轧制技术制备细晶AZ31镁合金板材

晶粒细化可以改善镁合金的强度和延性,通过控制轧制工艺可以控制变形组织.文中研究了不同轧制道次变形量对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着轧制道次变形量的增加,轧制应变速率增加,镁合金发生了动态再结晶,获得细小的晶粒组织,板材的硬度增加;但是,当轧制道次变形量增加到一定值之后,板材的表面出现宏观裂纹;采用大的道次轧制应变技术,可以减少轧制道次,制备晶粒尺寸为2～5μm的细晶镁合金板材.     

等径角挤压对纯铜组织与性能的影响

研究采用BC路径(即试样进入下一道次挤压时按同一方向旋转90°)对纯铜进行等径角挤压后得到的组织与性能.结果表明,通过室温下对纯铜的8道次挤压后,得到均匀、细小的等轴晶组织(晶粒尺寸约1.5μm).抗拉强度从原来的235 MPa提高到420 MPa,硬度从114 HV提高到184.3 HV,延伸率由原来的45%降低到19%.通过对不同挤压道次试样在473 K下60 min的退火处理后,其晶粒进一步细化至1μm,其抗拉强度提高到435 MPa.     

剪切挤压-轧制复合成形对6016铝合金织构及动态性能的影响

采用X射线衍射、分离式霍普金森压杆等研究剪切挤压-轧制工艺对6016铝合金织构和动态力学性能的影响.结果表明：常规轧制后6016板材具有较强的β取向线轧制织构,而剪切挤压-轧制成形的6016铝合金板材中形成了大量的剪切织构r-Cube{001}<110>及r-Copper{112}<011>,其相较于常规轧制织构有一定弱化.固溶后,2种工艺的板材中都以再结晶织构Cube{001}<100>为主,但剪切挤压-轧制工艺制备的板材中剪切织构的体积分数要比常规轧制板材高60%,这更有利于板材成形.在模拟烤漆工艺后的动态冲击过程中,2种板材均有明显的正应变速率强化效应,而剪切挤压-轧制工艺则能进一步提高6016铝合金板材的应变率敏感性和吸能效果.     

Mg-6Al-1Sn合金板材的微观组织与力学性能

通过对Mg-6Al-1Sn合金(AT61)进行挤压以及后续的单道次大应变量轧制变形,获得了高强塑性的新型变形镁合金板材.组织分析表明AT61合金中主要析出相为Mg17Al_(12)相和Mg2Sn相,挤压态合金经轧制之后晶粒都被细化,合金强度显著提高.随着应变量的增加,晶粒尺寸先显著降低后有所上升,屈服强度变化规律与晶粒尺寸变化规律一致.经过250℃下的单道次约56%大应变量轧制变形后晶粒尺寸细化最明显(约为4.18μm),合金的屈服强度约为196 MPa,抗拉强度约为294 MPa,延伸率约为26.7%,表现出最优的综合力学性能.     

Mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution for extruded AZ31 sheet under side direction strain

AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were prepared by a conventional extrusion (CE) and a novel integrated extrusion with side direction strain (SE). The microstructure characterizations, crystallographic texture and mechanical property tests were carried out and compared between the extruded Mg alloy sheets processed by CE and SE. The results indicated that the SE sheets exhibited an excellent combination of strength and ductility. To reveal the side strain effect, the finite element model was employed to investigate the effective stress and strain behavior of the AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets during CE and SE processes. It was found that the SE process was effective in weakening the stress and strain concentration. This implied that it developed an additional side direction strain through the sheet thickness during the hot extrusion. Meanwhile, the side strain shear paths could promote the local accumulation of dynamically recrystallized grains and increase the random high-angle boundaries to achieve weak (0002) basal texture. Important factors including the side strain path and extrusion parameters need to be taken into account to understand the deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution.     

Impact of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B alloy sheets deformed by on-line heating rolling

The effect of asymmetry deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 sheet was investigated in the present paper. Two AZ31 sheets were rolled together with an on-line heating rolling mill and separated from each other afterwards. For each sheet, the strain on both surface during rolling was asymmetry and this rolling method is called asymmetry rolling (AR) in present work. For comparison, symmetry rolling (SR) was also carried out on the same rolling mill that only one sheet was rolled in one pass. The sheets deformed by AR showed more homogeneous microstructure with higher recrystallization level and symmetry distributional basal texture. Moreover, SR sheets showed many narrow shear bands which distributed as “V” shape along rolling direction, while less shear bands with wider size are observed in AR sheet. The shear bands in AR sheet distributed as a line and across the entire thickness of the sheet, resulting in layered bimodal structure. Based on the unique microstructure and texture characteristics, AR sheet has lowest mechanical property anisotropy and a good balance of strength and elongation.     

Microstructure and texture evolution in commercial-purity Zr 702 during cold rolling and annealing

Microstructure and texture evolution in commercial-purity Zr 702 during cold rolling and annealing was investigated by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that crystallographic slip was the predominant deformation mechanism in the early stage of deformation. Deformation twins started to form when the rolling reduction was larger than 38.9%; both the dislocation density and the number of twins increased with increasing rolling reduction. The initial texture of the Zr 702 plate consisted of the basal fiber component. During cold rolling the strength of the basal fiber first decreased and then increased with increasing rolling reduction. The cold-rolled sheets were fully recrystallized after being annealed at 550°C. The recrystallization temperature and the size of recrystallized grains decreased with increasing rolling reduction. A larger rolling reduction resulted in a higher grain growth rate when the annealing temperature increased from 550°C to 700°C. The recrystallization texture was characterized by a major basal fiber and a minor {0113}<2110> component. The strength of the recrystallization texture increased with increasing rolling reduction.     

Ti-IF和Ti+Nb-IF钢铁素体区热轧组织和织构特征

选择Ti-IF和Ti+Nb-IF钢铁素体区热轧板为实验材料,采用金相组织观察、二相粒子形貌分析、织构分析等实验手段对其组织和织构特征进行了分析.结果表明:Ti-IF钢比Ti+Nb-IF钢的晶粒尺寸大,二相粒子尺寸大且数量多;两种钢的表层板织构强弱正好相反且在二分之一层形成了具有冷轧特征的织构,而纤维织构表层为(1 1 0)∥ND,(1 1 2)∥ND,(1 0 2)∥ND,二分之一层为(0 0 1)∥ND,(1 1 1)∥ND,(1 1 2)∥ND;区别于Ti+Nb-IF钢,Ti-IF钢在表层出现了〈0 0 1〉∥RD,二分之一层出现了〈1 0 2〉∥RD织构组分.     

极图数据与板材织构信息

以板材织构在线检测为应用背景，以铝板和超深冲钢板为例借助Ｘ射线测量了８组不同的极图数据，采用不同的方法计算取向分布函数，用以分析极力数据和板材织构信息的关系。研究表明，增加极图数目有利于缩小极图测量范围。同时极图测量范围缩小的方式也应与板材织构类型相关。     

无间隙原子钢冷轧板织构的快速检测

介绍了基于X射线二维探测器织构的快速检测原理．以无间隙原子钢冷轧板织构的检测为例，用常规织构的检测结果作为参照标准，分析了各种X射线二维衍射条件对计算取向分布函数的影响．实验表明，用二维探测器可以同时采集多个极图的数据，合理减少样品转动，织构的检测仅需几分钟时间，且织构的检测结果与用传统X射线衍射法的一致．     

退火方式对深冲压钢板晶粒尺寸不均匀性的影响

对连续退火或罩式退火后的深冲钢板和超深冲钢板的组织以及织构进行了观测和分析.结果表明,罩式退火后钢板表面晶粒比心部的细小,而连续退火后钢板表面晶粒比心部的粗.这种区别主要来源于热轧钢板原有组织和织构的不均匀性,退火加热过程也会对钢板表面和心部晶粒尺寸的不均匀性产生很大影响.     

电场退火对冷轧工业纯锌板再结晶织构的影响

借助于X射线衍射的三维取向分布函数(ODF)研究了电场退火对70%,80%和90%冷轧变形量的工业纯锌板在160℃分别保温1,3,5,10,15,30min条件下再结晶织构的影响.ODF分析结果表明:电场并没有改变工业纯锌板退火过程中再结晶织构的形成机制,而电场显著提高了3种冷轧压下量工业纯锌板退火样品再结晶织构的强度.电场明显促进了冷轧{1 0 1 8}面织构向再结晶{1 0 1 3}〈1 0 1 1〉板织构的演变,其中以70%冷轧变形量样品最为明显.