3-乙酰氧基胆甾-5-烯-19-羟基-24-酮的制备与表征

通过3β-乙酰氧基-5-烯胆甾-24-酮（2）与N-溴代乙酰胺（NBA）反应得到3β-乙酰氧基-5α-溴-6β-羟基胆甾-24-酮（3），（3）通过光环化反应后不经分离直接通过锌粉/乙酸水解得到52%产率的化合物3-乙酰氧基胆甾-5-烯-19-羟基-24-酮（5）。缩短了合成天然多羟基甾醇24-亚甲基胆甾-5-烯-3β，7β，19-三醇（1）的时间并减少中间过程的物损耗，进一步提高了反应产率。     

8-氯-10,11-二氢-4-氮杂-5H-二苯并[a,d]-5-环庚酮的合成

以2-氰基-3-甲基吡啶为原料，通过Ritter反应、烷基化、腈化、水解、环化等五步反应成了氯雷他定的重要中间体8-氯-10，11-二氢杂-5H-二苯并[a,d]-5-环庚酮，总收率为25.6%，其结构经核磁共振、质谱等确证。     

N,N-二异丙基-3-(2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯基)-苯丙酰胺的还原

采用具有强活性的复合还原剂实现了叔酰胺的还原。讨论了不同的络合试剂，还原试剂，络合时间和反应温度对叔酰胺还原的影响，确定了三氯氧磷/锌粉还原法及还原N，N-异丙基-3-（2-四氧基-5-甲基苯基）-苯丙酰胺（1）的工艺路线，得到新药托特罗定的重要中间体N，N-二异丙基-3-（2-甲氧基-5-甲基苯基）-苯丙胺（2），收率为86%。     

1-萘胺-5-磺酸的精制工艺

1-萘胺-5-磺酸是一重要的染料中间体,用它制造的弱酸性蓝、黑色染料性能优良,它还是生产PS版用光敏化剂215-磺酰氯的重要原料。其质量对深加工产品的品质具有举足轻重的影响。因此,国内外客户对1-萘胺-5-磺酸的质量要求越来越高,但     

高效液相色谱法测定1-氨基-4-溴蒽醌-2-磺酸

建立了一种测定1-氨基-4-溴蒽醌-2-磺酸的高效液相色谱（HPLC）方法，以甲醇-水为流动相，四丁基溴化铵为离子对试剂，2-萘酚为内标物，检测波长为240nm，线性范围为0～0.18mg/ml,浓度测定的变异系数为0.20%～0.34%。     

β-环糊精与4-(4-硝基苯偶氮)-1-萘酚包合物的脱水反应动力学

用非等温热重法研究 β-环糊精、β-环糊精· 4 -( 4 -硝基苯偶氮 ) -1 -萘酚包合物的脱水反应动力学 .分别用 Coats-Redfern积分法和 Freeman-Carroll微分法求得β-环糊精及其包合物脱水反应动力学参数 :β-环糊精脱水反应级数为 0 ,活化能约为 6 0 k J/mol;β-环糊精· 4 -( 4 -硝基苯偶氮 ) -1 -萘酚包合物脱水反应级数为 1 ,活化能约为 2 2 k J/mol.该包合反应过程是客体分子 4 -( 4 -硝基苯偶氮 ) -1 -萘酚取代了 β-环糊精主体分子空腔内高能包合水的过程 .     

(±)-7,8-(2,2-二甲基吡喃)-4′-甲氧基黄烷酮的全合成

以2，4-二羟基苯乙酮为起始原料，经过异戊烯基取代、脱氢闭环、羟醛缩合、催化环化等步骤完成了天然产物7，8-(2，2-二甲基毗哺)-4′-甲氧基黄烷酮(1)的首次全合成，中间体查尔酮5也是天然产物．     

1-(2,6-二溴-4-硝基苯)-3-(4-硝基苯)-三氮烯与季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的显色反应

研究了1-(2,6-二溴-4-硝基苯)-3-(4-硝基苯)-三氮烯(DBNPNPT)在NaOH 介质中与阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)、溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)的显色反应.该试剂与CTMAB、CPB均可生成紫红色离子缔合物(n(DBNPNPT)n样=1∶2),用双峰双波长法测定其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为3.67×104 L*mol-1*cm-1 和4.11×104 L*mol-1*cm-1,符合比耳定律的范围分别为ρ(CTMAB)=0～13.85 mg/L和ρ(CPB)=0～16.09 mg/L.方法已用于合成样品中微量阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB、CPB的测定.     

几种新型手性(Z)-2-乙酰氨基-3-芳基丙烯酸类化合物的合成

以乙酰甘氨酸和苯甲醛及其衍生物为原料，合成了一系列含碳碳双键的前手性底物：（Z）-2-乙酰氨基苯丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（对-甲氧苯基）-丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（对-氯苯基）-丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（间-氯苯基）-丙烯酸，（Z）-2-乙酰氨基-3-（间-硝基苯基）-丙烯酸。后4种是新的有机化合物。产物经过核磁共振、质谱分析表明是正确的。     

4′-正-烷氧基联苯-4-甲酸的合成与表征

以对-苯基苯酚为原料，通过醚化，酰化和氧化反应，合成了一系列4′-正-烷氧基联苯-4-甲酸，化合物的结构通过元素分析，红外光谱，核磁共振波谱等方法确证，化合物3的液晶行为用示差扫描量热法（DSC），偏光显微镜（POM）表征，发现化合物3加热至各自的熔点以上都能形成液晶态，在液晶态可以观察到近晶相和向列相的典型织构。随分子中末端烷氧基碳原子数增加，化合物3的熔点（Tm）和液晶态的清亮点（Ti）呈规律性变化，近晶相范围和近晶相-向列相转变温度渐增，而向列相温度范围递减，至十二烷基时，仅呈现近晶性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that