微膨胀床反应器内气液分布设备性能数值模拟

用VOF数值模型方法,对适用于上流式微膨胀床反应器内的气液分布设备进行了数值模拟研究,并与实验结果进行了对比。考察了气液分布设备对气液两相的分布作用,包括分布器内的动态流动特征和流动形态。同时考察了气泡的大小、上升速度、压力降随着表观气液速的变化规律。结果表明：(1)选用VOF数学模型,可以清晰准确的模拟出气液分布器的动态流动特性和气液分界面,可以指导气液分布器的优化设计;(2)气泡的上升速度随着表观气速和表观液速的增大而增大;气液分布器出口气泡的直径随着表观气速的增大而增大,随着表观液速的增大而减小;截面平均气含率随着表观气速的增大而增大,随着表观液速的增大而减小;气液分布器的压降则随着表观气速的增大而减小,随着表观液速的增加而增大;(3)相对于表观液速的变化,气液分布器对表观气速的变化敏感度更高,表观气速更影响分布器的工作负荷。     

气升式环流反应器内气液两相流动计算流体力学的模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉两流体模型模拟了气升式环流反应器内部气液两相流动过程,考察了液相速度和气含率随表观气速的变化,液相速度和气含率模拟值的关系与两种经验关系式的计算值进行了比较,两者取得了很好的一致,证明了模型的正确性。在此基础上,使用计算流体力学模拟的方法考查了反应器内的导流筒直径和导流筒高度对反应器内两相流动的影响,导流筒直径增大,液相循环量增大,上升段气含率增大;导流筒位置升高,液相循环速度和循环量均增大,上升段气含率减小。所获得的结果对气升式反应器的设计优化具有指导意义。     

变径流化床反应器内的气固流动特性数值模拟

采用计算颗粒流体力学(CPFD)的数值模拟方法,对直径为160 mm、高度为273 3 mm的变径流化床反应器内的气固流动特性进行冷态模拟,研究不同气速及不同初始物料量对流化床反应器气固流动特性的影响,得到流化床内颗粒体积分数、颗粒速度以及颗粒停留时间的分布。结果表明,当气速不小于2.5 m/s时,流化床内颗粒体积分数轴向分布更为均匀,颗粒速度呈中间高、两边低的倒"U"形分布;壁面附近的颗粒停留时间长于中心处,使得壁面附近的颗粒趋于聚集;流化床的轴径向颗粒体积分数随着初始物料量的增加而增大。     

悬浮床渣油加氢中型连续装置反应器中气含率的冷模实验

在辽河减压渣油悬浮床加氢中型连续装置工艺试验的基础上 ,采用气、液替代物及参数换算的方法对中试反应器中的流动形态进行了冷态模拟 ,测定了反应器中的气含率 ,考察了反应器操作条件、反应器入口分布器类型及原料物性等因素对气含率的影响。实验结果表明 ,反应器入口分布器类型对气含率的影响较为显著 ,随着反应器入口分布器孔径的增大 ,气含率呈下降趋势。在体积空速为 0 5～ 2 0h-1及氢油体积比为 5 0 0～ 10 0 0的操作条件下 ,气含率随着反应器中表观气速的增大而增加 ,两者呈幂函数关系。表观液速对气含率的影响很小 ,基本可以忽略。液相粘度对气含率的影响与分布器类型密切相关。当使用单孔和筛孔分布器时 ,气含率随液相粘度的增大而减小 ;当使用烧结分布器时 ,气含率随液相粘度的增大而增加     

三级碳化反应器中的气泡行为研究

针对“钙化碳化法”处理低品位铝土矿及赤泥新方法的核心环节碳化过程,为实现碳化反应器内气泡微细化及均匀分布,提高碳化效率,提出了“三级错流文丘里式射流反应器”,并进行了冷态物理模拟研究,考察了反应器内的局部气含率和气泡上升速度.结果表明,气含率随表观气速的增大而增大,随表观液速的增大而减小,沿反应器轴向逐渐降低,后一级反应器的气含率大于前一级;气泡上升速度随表观气速和表观液速的增大而增大,沿反应器轴向逐渐降低,后一级反应器的气泡上升速度大于前一级,该结果为碳化反应器的设计和工业应用提供了依据.     

固体颗粒对三相气升式环流反应器流动特性的影响

将液相视为连续相,气相和固相视为分散相,同时考虑各相之间的相互作用,结合气液固三相流体的动力学理论,建立气液固三相环流反应器三流体湍流流动的Eulerian模型.采用计算模拟软件Fluent对三相环流反应器的流动状况进行模拟,考察表观气速、固含率、颗粒大小对反应器的气含率以及液体流动速度的影响.模拟结果较好地解释了气升式环流反应器内的三相流体行为,模型与实验结果较好地吻合,表明了模型的可行性.     

悬浮床渣油加氢中型连续装置反应器中气含率的冷模实验

在辽河减压渣油悬浮床加氢中型连续装置工艺实验的基础上,采用气,液替代物及参数换算的方法对中试反应器中的流动形态进行了冷态模拟,测定了反应器中的气含率,考虑了反应器操作条件,反应器人口分布器类型及原料物性等因素对气含率的影响,实验结果表明,反应器人口分布器类型驿气含率的影响较为显著,随着瓜在器入口分布器孔径的增大,气含率呈下降趋势,在体积空速为0．5－2.0h^-1及氢油体积分比为500－1000的操作条件下,气含率随着反应器中表现气速的增大而增加,两者呈幂函数关系,表观液速对气含率的影响很小,基本可以忽略,液相粘度对气含率的影响与分布器类型密切相关,当使用单孔和筛孔分布器时,气含率随液相粘度的增大而减小,当使用烧结分布器时,气含率随液相粘度的增大而增加。     

钙化渣碳化反应器的数值模拟

针对低品位铝土矿在工业中利用率不高、赤泥中高碱高铝等问题,提出了钙化-碳化法处理低品位铝土矿和赤泥的新方法.设计了文丘里式钙化渣碳化反应器,利用商用CFD软件ANSYS130/Fluent对该反应器中气液固三相流动进行了模拟计算.模拟和研究了表观气速等结构参数对钙化渣碳化反应器内速度场、气含率的影响,发现增大表观气速有利于促进气液间传质和反应,但气含率不宜过大.平均气含率的模拟值与实测值吻合良好,验证了所提方法的有效性.研究结果对钙化渣碳化反应器的设计及应用具有一定的参考价值.     

气液固流化床气泡特性及气含率预测模型

气含率及气泡直径会直接影响流化床内的反应进程及传质效率，为更好地认识局部流动结构，径向气含率及气泡直径分布成为重点研究内容，特别是径向气含率预测模型的建立具有重要意义．已有平均气含率预测模型都有各自的适用范围，对不同实验体系的应用会表现出局限性．针对以上问题，本文结合电导探针测量法与流体仿真技术，以直径为100 mm和高度为1.5 m的气液固流化床为研究对象，系统地研究了在气相表观速度为0.014～0.283 m/s、液相表观速度为0.007～0.028 m/s、液相黏度为1～40 mPa·s、液相表面张力为0.053～0.072 N/m及固相体积分数为0～30%条件下径向气含率及气泡直径分布特征．结合本实验系统及相关研究数据，提出一种适用于气液固系统的平均气含率预测模型．基于此预测模型，进一步考虑气相表观速度及表面张力对径向气含率分布的影响，采用粒子群优化算法建立气液两相体系的径向气含率预测模型．结果表明：两相及三相体系平均气含率预测模型充分考虑了气液相表观速度、液相物性、固相物性及管径对平均气含率的影响，相比现有经典平均气含率预测模型，拓宽了适用范围并提高预测精度，其平均绝对百分比...     

流化床反应器内活性焦流动特性的模拟研究

本文基于双流体模型,对二维流化床反应器内活性焦在不同操作条件下的流体动力学特性进行了数值模拟研究。模拟结果发现,低气速高进料量条件下的管内压降最大,反应器内压降随管内固相容积份额的增加而增加。活性焦在反应器内的轴向固含率呈现出下浓上稀分布,证明了流化床内固相分布的不均匀特性。颗粒轴向平均速度受表观气速影响较大,流化床底部的颗粒速度较低,在气体夹带作用下沿床高方向逐渐增大。因此,设置合理的操作参数(表观气速和固体循环量),对提高流化床内的气固反应效率具有重要意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with