固定化丁酸梭菌转化甘油生产1,3-丙二醇的研究

通过比较棉纤维织物、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛柱体、活性炭颗粒在35℃、厌氧条件下吸附丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)将甘油转化为1,3-丙二醇的有效性,选择活性炭颗粒作为固定化丁酸梭菌的较佳载体.以活性炭颗粒作为吸附载体时,初始甘油质量浓度从20g/L提高至252g/L,最终1,3-丙二醇质量浓度从9.5g/L增加至38.3g/L,同时残余甘油质量浓度从0g/L提高至96.3g/L,1,3-丙二醇的时空产率从0.7g/(L·h)提高至2.2g/(L·h),摩尔得率从65%降低至58%.     

丁酸梭菌产1,3-丙二醇的培养基优化

为提高丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)VPI 1718产1,3-丙二醇的能力,采用均匀设计试验和人工神经网络结合遗传算法对培养基进行优化,得到最优配方(g/L):废甘油70,酵母粉2.0,KH2PO4 0.6,K2HPO4 1.2,(NH4)2SO42.6,MgSO4 0.2;使用该培养基在5 L发酵罐中分批培养14 h丁酸梭菌后,1,3-丙二醇质量浓度为33.0g/L,转化率为55.3%,生产强度为2.36 g/(L·h),较优化前分别提高了32.5%,7.17%和33.3%.     

不同阳极电势驯化对于丁酸梭菌葡萄糖代谢影响研究

构建丁酸棱菌Clostridium butyricum生物化学反应器,以研究不同驯化电势对其活性的影响.电池性能测试表明该菌具有良好的电活性.在该菌的生物电解池中,控制阳极电势(+0.6V、+0.2V和-0.2V,vs Ag/AgCl),电驯化菌株,结果显示该菌的电活性及葡萄糖代谢呈现出明显差异.0.6V和0.2V组的最大输出电流分别为1.8mA和1.2mA,而-0.2V组为0.02mA.高电势组内,乳酸、丁二酸和乙醇的含量逐渐减少,同时生成少量乙酸和丁酸.但-0.2V组则生成了大量丁酸(345mg/L)和生物质,伴随少量CO2生成(4%).实验结果表明高阳极电势促进生物膜的电极呼吸代谢,抑制其发酵代谢,从而表现出高生物电活性.     

用Fenton技术去除水中盐酸左氧氟沙星

研究Fenton高级氧化技术对水中抗生素盐酸左氧氟沙星的去除效果, 并考察n(H₂O₂)∶n(Fe²⁺)、 H₂O₂投加量、 溶液初始pH值、 反应时间和初始质量浓度对去除效果的影响. 结果表明: 当n(H₂O₂)∶n(Fe²⁺)=5~25时, 盐酸左氧氟沙星、 化学需氧量(K₂Cr₂O₇法, COD_Cr）和总有机碳(TOC)的去除率随二者物质的量比的增加先增加后降低; 当H₂O₂投加量为15 mL/L时, 盐酸左氧氟沙星、 COD_Cr和TOC去除率分别为88.40%,5952%,3380%; 当pH=3时, 盐酸左氧氟沙星、 COD_Cr和TOC的去除率分别为9240%,5952%,3451%; 盐酸左氧氟沙星、 COD_Cr和TOC的去除率随反应时间呈逐渐增加的趋势, 去除率随初始质量浓度的升高而下降; 当反应时间为3 h时, 去除过程基本完成. 在pH=3, 温度为20 ℃, H₂O₂投加量为15 mL/L, n(H₂O₂)∶n(Fe²⁺)=10的条件下, Fenton高级氧化技术对水中盐酸左氧氟沙星的去除效果最好, 达9640%.     

水飞蓟宾的电化学行为研究

研究了水飞蓟宾在玻碳电极(GCE)上的电化学还原行为.在pH=2.0的B-R缓冲液中,水飞蓟宾在+480 mV左右处(Vs.SCE)产生一个阴极还原峰,还原峰电流与水飞蓟宾浓度在5.2×10-8-6.0×10-6mol/L内成良好的线性关系,检测限为1.1×10-8mol/L.该方法用于利加隆实际样品的检测,回收率为102%,对电极反应机理也作了初步探讨.     

生物法还原高浓度高氯酸盐动力学及反应条件的优化

在高质量浓度高氯酸盐ClO_4~-(1 500 mg/L)的条件下,驯化得到能够处理高质量浓度ClO_4~-废水的异养厌氧高氯酸盐还原菌群。通过摇床实验,用控制变量法探究初始ClO_4~-质量浓度(0~1 500 mg/L)、乙酸钠质量浓度(0~11.83 g/L)、pH(5.55~9.00)、温度(15~40℃)、共存离子SO42-质量浓度(0~26.0 g/L)和NO3-质量浓度(0~3.9 g/L)对高质量浓度ClO_4~-生物还原性能的影响,确定最佳的反应条件。结果表明:最大比去除速率qmax和半饱和常数Ks分别为0.89(mg·mg)/h和141.6 mg/L,驯化的高氯酸盐还原菌群具有处理高质量浓度ClO_4~-的潜力;在初始ClO_4~-质量浓度为1 300 mg/L时,乙酸钠的最佳投加量、最适p H和最适温度分别为6.5 g/L,35℃和6.85,常见共存离子SO42-和NO3-都会不同程度的抑制ClO_4~-的还原,且NO3-对ClO_4~-还原的抑制作用远高于SO42-。驯化污泥中,Dechloromonas sp.是ClO_4~-还原微生物的优势种属,占总菌的69.32%。     

缺氧条件下活性污泥中PHB的生物合成

在序批式反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)中驯化活性污泥,富集聚β-羟基丁酸酯(poly-β-hydroxybutyrate,PHB)积累菌,并研究驯化后活性污泥的PHB合成能力.污泥驯化采用好氧动态供料法,为期3个月.PHB合成实验在缺氧条件下进行(通气量为80.L/h,溶解氧为0.mg/L),温度为20.℃,活性污泥初始质量浓度为1.200.mg/L,乙酸钠质量浓度为931.5.mg/L(以C计).结果表明,驯化后活性污泥中PHB积累菌占优势,具有PHB合成的能力.投加乙酸钠931.5.mg/L(C),在缺氧条件下,活性污泥中PHB含量于feast(底物丰富)阶段末达最高值45.4%.feast阶段内乙酸钠消耗94%,其中53.4%的乙酸钠被转化为PHB,2.7%乙酸钠用于合成污泥活性生物量,供污泥生长.因此,好氧动态供料法驯化后的活性污泥具有较强的PHB合成能力,生长缓慢.     

丁酸甲烷发酵优势菌群的选育及其丁酸降解特性

选育以产氢产乙酸菌为优势的复合菌群,对于开发基于强化产氢产乙酸菌群功能作用的高效厌氧生物处理技术具有重要意义。研究表明,以厌氧折流板反应器中的厌氧活性污泥为出发菌群,通过丁酸盐培养基的定向培育,可选育到以降解丁酸的产氢产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌为优势的复合菌群。该菌群在初始pH 7.0、初始丁酸浓度9 319 mg/L和35℃等条件下,经过27 d的培养,其丁酸降解率达到95%,平均降解速率为39.2 mg/d,累积产气量为290 mL,丁酸的比产气速率达到3.95 mL/g,发酵气中的CH_4含量为61%,CO_2含量为22%。     

不同饲料组分作为固定化细胞载体制备丁酸纳饲料添加剂的可行性研究

本研究将米糠作为固定化载体,构建了一种新型的外置式纤维床反应器,应用于固定化发酵产丁酸实验。以酪丁酸梭菌为发酵菌株,进行了游离细胞和固定化细胞发酵比较。结果表明,固定化细胞分批发酵丁酸生产率为0.48 g·L~(-1)·h~(-1),比游离分批发酵提高了55%。重复分批发酵8个批次的丁酸浓度平均值为21.05 g/L,可以稳定多批次运行。米糠对丁酸钠的吸附模拟实验表明,米糠对丁酸钠的吸附量为0.02～0.08 g/g。固定化发酵后的米糠会吸附产物丁酸钠,吸附量为0.105 g/g,这有利于将反应后的米糠直接用来生产含丁酸钠的饲料添加剂。     

克雷伯菌HQ-3厌氧发酵产氢培养基的优化

运用Plackett-Burman设计实验结合SAS数据分析对基于克雷伯菌HQ-3(Klebsiellasp.HQ-3)产氢培养基的主效因素进行筛选,确定产氢培养基的主效因素,利用最陡爬坡实验确定主效因素的响应面中心值,用响应面法和Matlab7.0对厌氧发酵的产氢培养基的主效因子进行了优化.得到的优化的产氢培养基(YH培养基)为:Na2HPO4.12H2O,15.0g/L;KH2PO4,7.7g/L;MgSO4.7H2O,3.7g/L;葡萄糖,21.4g/L;蛋白胨,18.1g/L;酵母膏,8.0g/L;pH=8.3.利用优化的培养基进行厌氧发酵产氢验证,得到最大产氢量为826.3mL/L,与预测值806.0mL/L基本相符.并且优化培养基较初始培养基产氢量621.2mL/L,提高了33%.在最优发酵条件下,对发酵液相产物乙醇、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、异丁酸进行测定,发现乙醇、甲酸、乙酸含量占总液相产物的93%,确定其发酵类型为混合酸途径.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that