Fluid inclusions evidence for differential exhumation of ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks in the Sulu terrane

Since the discovery of coesite and diamond inclusions in eclogites from the Dabie-Sulu orogen, east-central China[1―3], this largest ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamor- phic terrane in the world has attracted extensive scientific interests. A number of hydrous minerals such as zoisite, phengite, magnesite and talc have been found in the UHP rocks, showing that fluids have played an important role in this type of extreme metamorphic evolution[4―8]. Sev-eral techniques have been applied to th…     

贵州省天柱县地豆冲金矿流体包裹体特征研究

通过对流体包裹体镜下观察、温度和成分测定,获取贵州省天柱县地豆冲金矿石英包裹体以原生液体包裹体为主,大小3-16μm,气液比集中于5%-15%;流体包裹体的均一温度在142.3-307.1℃;流体盐度为2.74-10.11 wt%NaCl,密度为0.81-0.93 g/cm3,气相成分以H2O为主,含少量CO2、N2、CH4;成矿压力为265.25-451.67 bar,成矿深度为1001.43-1705.25 m.该矿床属成矿压力低的浅成中低温热液矿床,其成矿流体具低盐度、低密度的特征。     

晴隆大厂锑矿流体包裹体研究

晴隆大厂锑矿是西南地区大型锑矿之一。前人已进行过深入的研究,在很多方面已达成共识,但对其成矿流体性质和来源尚有争议。本文通过对大厂锑矿流体包裹体的温度与盐度、密度与压力、包裹体成分和氢氧同位素等的研究,得出大厂锑矿成矿流体属于中低温（129．4～214c（=）、低盐度（NaCI）0．18％～3．23％、中等密度（0．93—1．03g／cm3）;流体水化学类型属F-=SO4^2- -K＋-Ca＋型。流体压力为超高压（103．97087836MPa）;成矿流体主要是大气降水形成的地下热水,可能有部分岩浆热液的掺入。     

Fluid inclusions hidden in coesite-bearing zircons in ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks from southwestern Sulu terrane in eastern China

Fluidinclusionstudiesarepowerfultoolsfordeci-pheringthefluidevolutionandfluid-rockinteractionin-volvingultrahigh-pressure(UHP)metamorphismofcrustalrocksatmantledepths.Thecompositionandprop-ertiesoffluidinclusionscanreflectthephysico-chemicalconditionsofthefluidsduringplatesubduction,UHPmetamorphismandexhumation.However,UHPmeta-morphicrockscommonlyexperiencedconsiderablede-compressionrelatedtotherapidexhumationprocess.Thishascausedtheinternalpressureoftheinclusionstrappedinthemetamorphicmin…     

Coesite eclogite facies metamorphic tectonite: Evidence for ultrahigh pressure deformation

An ultrahigh pressure ductile shear mélange crops out on the beach of Yangkou Bay near Qingdao City. The mélange is composed of weakly deformed blocks in a highly ductilly flow mylonites. Ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) tectonite includes strongly deformed eclogite and mylonitized eclogite. Coesite occurs in the tectonite as both interstitial mineral and inclusions in garnet and omphacite, indicating that the deformation took place in the stability field of coesite (800—850℃, >30 GPa) in the upper mantle. Coesite is rounded or short prismatic grains with undulatory extinction, and often fractured, suggesting brittle deformation. Garnet is also characterized by brittle fractures and sometimes necked and slightly elongated. Omphacite is elongated, with long axis preferred orientation. Undulatory extinction, subgrains and dynamically recrystallized grains suggest plastic flow of omphacite. Ultrahigh pressure metamorphic tectonite was probably formed in the ductile shear zone during the early stage of exhumation of the ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks. Its kinematic indicators point to the transport direction of the UHPM slab during the early stage of exhumation.     

贵州省锦屏县八克金矿流体包裹体地球化学研究

贵州省锦屏县八克金矿流体包裹体以原生包裹体为主,少量次生包裹体。包裹体大小在2-10μm之间,个别大于10μm;以含CO2三相包裹体为主,其次气液两相包裹体,少量纯CO2包裹体;成矿流体包裹体的均一温度集中在240℃-300℃,气液两相包裹体平均盐度4.29 wt%NaC l-6.51 wt%NaC l,密度为0.75 g/cm3-0.92 g/cm3,三相包裹体平均盐度:1.91 wt%NaC l-5.11 wt%NaC l,密度为0.62 g/cm3-0.97 g/cm3,得出结论是八克金矿属于低盐度低密度的中温矿床。     

新疆白干湖钨锡矿流体包裹体特征及成因

白干湖钨锡矿床位于新疆祁漫塔格加里东褶皱带的转折部位,是东昆仑西段1个较好的钨锡(金)矿区,对白干湖矿区主成矿阶段形成的含黑钨矿石英脉中发育的包裹体进行岩相学及测温研究.研究结果表明:矿区主要发育3类包裹体:气液两相水溶液包裹体(I)、水溶液-CO2三相包裹体(Ⅱ)以及纯CO2两相包裹体(Ⅲ);Ⅰ型包裹体液相组分主要为NaCl水溶液,含少量KCl,其均一温度变化范围为160-310℃,盐度为1.82％～16.43％;Ⅱ型水溶液-CO2三相包裹体气相组分含有CO2及CH4等组分,均一温度为247～320℃,w(NaCl)为2.8％～9.4％;Ⅲ型CO2两相包裹体含量较少,均一温度为19.8～27.7℃;白干湖钨锡矿床成矿流体为中低盐度、中高温的NaCl-H2O-CO2体系.在成矿过程中,由于温度及压力降低,流体发生相分离成为较高盐度的水溶液流体和较低盐度的富CO2流体,钨锡成矿物质趋向于富集在中高盐度水溶液相中,并导致白干湖钨锡矿的成矿作用.     

Discovery of eclogite inclusions and its geological significance in early Jurassic intrusive complex in Xuzhounorthern Anhui,eastern China

The early Jurassic intrusive complex is chiefly made of monzodioritic porphyry in northern Anhui and northern Jiangsu, which emplaced in 191 Ma. The intrusive complexes contain a lot of eclogite inclusions which belong to eclogite and garnet-pyroxenite. The inclusions had undergone eclogite facies high-pressure metamorphism and amphibolite facies retrogressive metamorphism. The garnets in eclogite inclusions are mainly almandine varieties and clinopyroxenes are omphacite and augite. The mineral assemblage and P-T estimation results show that P-T conditions of eclogite facies metamorphism and amphibolite facies retrogressive metamorphism are over 1.2—1.5 GPa, 709—861℃ and 0.7—1.03 GPa, 666—738℃, respectively. The discovery of the highpressure xenoliths not only is of important significance to understand the composition and structure of deep crust in southern edge of North China Platform, but also can be of important influence on realizing the subduction-collision-exhumation evolutional process of the DabieSulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt.     

High density methane inclusions in Puguang Gasfield: Discovery and a T-P genetic study

Based on measurement of homogenization temperature of inclusions and Raman spectral analysis, high density methane inclusions were discovered in the Triassic reservoirs of Puguang Gasfield. The methane inclusions show a homogenization temperature Th = -117.5― -118.1℃, a corresponding density of 0.3455―0.3477 g/cm3, and a Raman scatter peak v1 shift varying between 2911―2910 cm-1, which signifies a very high density of methane inclusions. The salt water inclusions paragenetic with methane inclusions show a homogenization temperature Th=170―180℃. Based on the composition of methane inclusions as determined by Raman spectra, PVTsim software was used to simulate the trapping pressure for high density methane inclusions in geologic history, and the trapping pressure was found to be as high as 153―160 MPa. Even though Puguang Gasfield is currently a gas pool of normal pressure, and the fluid pressure for the gas pool ranges between 56―65 MPa. However, data from this study indicates that remarkable overpressure may be generated at the stage of mass production of gas cracked from oils in Cretaceous, as high density methane inclusions constitute key evidence for overpressure in gas pool in geologic history. Meanwhile, discovery of small amounts of H2S, CO2 or heavy hydrocarbon in part of the high density methane inclusions indicates that the geochemical environment for trapping of inclusions may be related to formation of H2S. Therefore, the observation results can help to explore the thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） conditions for oil cracking and H2S formation.     

Coesite in eclogite from the North Qaidam Mountains and its implications

Coesite provides direct evidence for ultrahigh pressure metamorphism. Although coesite has been found as inclusions in zircon in paragneiss of the north Qaidam Mountains, it has never been identified in eclogite. In this contribution, based on petrographic observations and in situ Raman microprobe spectroscopy, coesite was identified as inclusions in garnet of eclogite from the Aercituoshan, Dulan UHP metamorphic unit, north Qaidam Mountains. Coesite is partly replaced by quartz, showing a pali-sade texture. This is the first report on coesite in eclogite from the north Qaidam Mountains, and is also supported by garnet-omphacite-phengite geothermobarometry (2.7―3.25 GPa, 670―730℃). Coesite and its pseudomorphs have not been found in eclogites and associated rocks of other units of the north Qaidam Mountains. Further studies are required to confirm if all metamorphic units in the north Qaidam Mountains underwent the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism.     

Elastic wave velocity in rocks from Dabieshan and its constraints for lithospheric composition and crust-mantle recycling

P-and S-wave velocities in eclogites and granulites from the Dabie ultrahigh pressures (UHP) meta morphic belt, China, were measured at room temperature under the hydrostatic pressures up to 1.0 GPa. The ultrahigh pressure eclogites had the highest densities (3.3 ～ 3.6 g.cm-3) , high velocities and the lowest anisotropy (1.4%c ～ 2.6 % ) . The lowest densities (2.8 ～ 3.1 g. cm-3 ) and the highest Poisson' s ratios (0.28 ～ 0.29) were found in gran ulites, whereas the strongest anisotropies (6. 1 % ～8.4% ) were found in the high-pressure (HP) eclogites. Compari son of the velocities in rocks with that observed in the deep seismic sounding profile crossing Dabieshan suggests that e clogites might exist in the lower crust of Dabieshan, but the quantity might be small. The upper mantle has very similar velocities as the UHP eclogites and serpentinizated/water-bearing dunite. The formation of eclogite represents the crust mantle recycling processes. Crustal material is delaminated and sinks into the mantle by way of eclogite, whereas only a small part of the eclogite could return to the crust.     

New finding of micro-diamonds in eclogites from Dabie-Sulu region in central-eastern China

Micro-diamonds were only found ten years ago in eclogite associated with marble at Xindian in the Dabie Mountains. This paper reports our new finding of micro-diamonds not only in eclogites at Maobei in the Sulu region and at Xindian and Laoyoufang in the south part of the Dabie Mountains (South Dabie), but also in eclogites at Baizhangya and Huangweihe in the northern part of the Dabie Mountains (North Dabie) that has usually been considered not to experience ultrahigh pressure metamorphism.Except the micro-diamond at Huangweihe that was found from the artificial heavy sands of zircons used for isotopic dating, the micro-diamonds from other localities were identified in thin sections of the eclogites. Besides a few interstitial grains, most of the micro-diamond grains in thin sections occur as inclusion in garnet. Three crystals of microdiamond at Maobei in the Sulu region are sized in 120, 60 and 30 lira, respectively. Crystal forms look like octahedron and the composite of octahedron and hexahedron. The largest micro-diamond crystal comes from Xindian, which is measured to be 180 lira in diameter with distinct zonal structure and inclusions. The zonal structure occurs as an inclined octahedron inside rounded by an incomplete hexagonal girdle. A smaller micro-diamond inclusion occurs inside the central octahedron, and a larger graphite inclusion is within the outer zone. The Laoyoufang micro-diamond is partially retrograded to graphite. Micro-diamond from the Baizhangya eclogite in the ultramafic rock belt of North Dabie is an aggregate of 70 lira X 90 lira in size. All the micro-diamonds are confirmed by the Raman spectrum analysis. The occurrence of the micro-diamonds from the eclogites in the ultramafic rock belt of North Dabie demonstrates that this region was also subjected to ultrahigh pressure metamorphism as well as the South Dabie did.     

High-efficiency trace Na extraction from crystal quartz ore used for fused silica-A pretreatment technology

Trace Na sources, extraction dynamics of trace Na, and influences of calcination temperature on quartz lattice, fluid inclusions, and muscovite were studied in detail herein for trace Na extraction from the quartz ore with water leaching at 90℃. Experimental results suggested that the trace Na sources included quartz lattice, fluid inclusions, and muscovite. The extraction rate of the trace Na in quartz ores can reach 31.0wt% after calcination at 900℃ for 5 h and water leaching at 90℃ for 24 h. The extraction process consisting of the dissolution of unfree Na and diffusion of free Na was dominated by calcination temperature. Calcination at 900℃ for 5 h was effective for extraction of the trace Na in fluid inclusions and muscovite. The extraction of the trace Na was mainly affected by the decrepitation of fluid inclusions when the calcination temperature ranged from 400 to 600℃ and by the damage of muscovite when the calcination temperature ranged from 600 to 900℃. Based on the extraction rates at different calcination temperatures, approximately 20.1wt% of the trace Na occurred in fluid inclusions, approximately 10.9wt% existed in muscovite, and 69.0wt% mainly occurred in quartz lattice.     

Fluid inclusions in whiteschist in the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt of Dabie Shan, China

Hualiangting whiteschist in the Dabie Shan ultrahigh-pressure eclogite complex is a specific Mg-Al- rich metamorphic rock. Its protolith was a felsic dyke, which suffered replacement by high-pressure fluids during eclogite-facies metamorphism. Based on fluid inclusion results in whiteschist, primary high-pressure fluids are CO2-bearing aqueous solutions. Those prove that there exists CO2-H2O fluid during the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism. Pseudosecondary H2O inclusions were trapped during ultrahigh-pressure exhumation, whereas secondary H2O inclusions were related to the latest evolutionary stage of the ultrahigh-pressure exhumation.     

辽西蒋家屯和兰家沟钼矿的流体包裹体对比研究

通过对辽西蒋家屯和兰家沟钼矿的流体包裹体研究，两种不同类型的成矿流体被识别出来.蒋家屯脉状钼矿含矿石英脉中发现大量的Ⅰ型水溶液流体包裹体，成矿流体的均一温度为163~234℃，盐度为3.06%~ 6.01%(NaCl eqv，质量分数)，表明成矿流体为中低温度、低盐度流体.兰家沟斑岩型钼矿含矿石英脉中发育含CO₂Ⅱ型包裹体，包裹体内较高含量的CO₂指示了成矿深度较大.兰家沟钼矿的成矿流体均一温度为200~283℃(Ⅰ型包裹体)和281~346℃(Ⅱ型包裹体)，盐度为2.74%~7.31%(NaCl eqv，质量分数)(Ⅰ型包裹体)和3.52%~4.80%(NaCl eqv，质量分数)(Ⅱ型包裹体).鉴于上述研究，与大型兰家沟斑岩型钼矿相比，目前揭露的蒋家屯脉状钼矿体成矿深度较小，成矿温度较低，其深部可能会发现更具经济价值的斑岩型钼矿体.     

Thermodynamic evolution of lithosphere of the North China craton： Records from lower crust and upper mantle xenoliths from Hannuoba

Lithospheric thinning in East China attracts much attention of geologists. In many cases where a lithospheric thinning is inferred, the trigger for instability is a preced-ing episode of crustal thickening by the continental colli-sion[1]. Lithospheric processes (e.g. lithospheric thinning) could be recorded by the thermal history of the lower crustal and upper mantle xenoliths. Xu et al.[2] suggested that the cooling (from >1200 to 850℃) recorded by spinel harzburgite from Northeast China …     

In situ cryogenic Raman spectroscopic studies on the synthetic fluid inclusions in the systems H2O and NaCl-H2O

Fluid inclusions of the H2O-salt systems constitute the major fluid inclusion types preserved in the nature. The salts commonly present in the fluid inclusions are NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2[1,2]; among them NaCl is the dominant species. The most powerful…     

纳米结构碳化钽在超高压力下硬度的研究

通过利用国产DS6×800T铰链式六面顶压机装置高温高压烧结了纳米结构的碳化钽样品,研究和表征了纳米结构碳化钽在超高压力下的物性行为。样品在3 GPa/1 500℃下进行烧结,其相对密度为93%。实验结果表明超高压力更有利于样品的致密化,并且可以降低烧结温度。通过烧结实验,得到了纳米结构碳化钽在压力为3 GPa时的维氏硬度为17.2 GPa,平均断裂韧度为(5.0±0.2)MPa m1/2。     

Discovery of ultrahighpressure magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite (>3.8 GPa) in the Altyn Tagh,Northwest China

Magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite from the Altyn Tagh, associated with garnet pyroxenite, and garnet-bearing felsic gneiss, crops out as lenses in Proterozoic gneiss about 100 km east of the Jianggelasayi River. The garnet lherzolite, together with the eclogite in western Jianggelasayi, composes a high-pressure to ultrahigh- pressure metamorphic belt in the southern margin of the Altyn Tagh. Parageneses of minerals from magnesite-bearing garnet lherzolite indicate that the rock evolved a multi-stage metamorphism. The peak-stage metamorphism produces an assemblage of Grt+Ol+Opx+Cpx±Mgs, in which Al₂O₃ content of Opx is very low (0.30 — 0.66wt%). The calculated P-T condition of the peak stage is 3.8—5.1GPa and 880—970℃, some exsolution rods of clinopyroxene and rutile occur in the Grt and magnesite is rimed by dolomite and orthopyroxene, all implying that the peak stage was a UHP metamorphic process. Together with regional geological studies, isotopic dating and the discovery of coesite inclusions in zircon separates from felsic gneiss from the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin, the presence of a very long UHP metamorphic belt in northwest China is suggested.     

黑龙江鹿鸣钼矿床流体包裹体特征

鹿鸣钼矿床位于小兴安岭-张广才岭成矿带中南部.钼矿体产于二长花岗岩与花岗斑岩的接触带内,钼矿化主要载体为石英脉,呈脉状、网脉状分布于矿体的内部.研究了主要含矿石英脉体中流体包裹体的特征,结果表明:包裹体相态类型主要为气液两相,矿床的成矿温度峰值分别为400,220℃,盐度为19%~144%,成矿压力平均为18MPa,成矿深度为09~28km,成矿流体成分富含CO2,H2O,CH4等多种气态组分,以及Na+,Ca2+,SO2-4,Cl-液态组分;矿床初始流体来源于岩浆热液,成矿后期受大气降水的混入.矿床成因类型应划归为与中酸性侵入岩浆活动有关的中高温斑岩型钼矿床.