一类带有不育蚊子的疟疾传播模型的分析

在一个简单的SEIR疟疾传播模型的基础上,建立了一个带有不育蚊子的疟疾传播模型,分析了模型的无病平衡点的存在性和稳定性,给出了基本再生数的公式,证明了地方病平衡点的存在性,对所得理论结果进行了数值模拟.     

一类疟疾传播模型的稳定性和后向分支

建立了一类关于疟疾传播的SIS-SI模型.首先通过分析模型的无病平衡点的局部渐近稳定性,得到了模型的基本再生数公式;然后证明了当基本再生数大于1时,模型存在唯一的地方病平衡点;当基本再生数小于1时,模型可能存在两个地方病平衡点,这表明模型会存在后向分支.证明了后向分支的存在性.讨论了无病平衡点的全局稳定性;最后对所得理论结果进行了数值模拟.     

年龄结构SIR流行病传播数学模型渐近分析

研究一类具有年龄结构SIR流行病传播数学模型动力学性质，得到疾病绝灭和持续生存的阈值条件——基本再生数．当基本再生数小于或等于l时，仅存在无病平衡点，且在其小于l的情况下，无病平衡点全局渐近稳定，疾病将逐渐消除；当基本再生数大于l时，存在不稳定的无病平衡点和惟一的局部渐近稳定的地方病平衡点，疾病将持续存在．本模型的基本再生数小于H．R．Thieme等人所得到的基本再生数，表明预防接种、宣传教育等积极措施对疾病消除和控制的重要作用。     

含时滞具有饱和传染率的SIQRS接种传染病模型

研究了一类带有确定免疫期、传染率为饱和传染力的SIQRS时滞微分系统.找到了决定疾病灭绝和持续生存的阈值--基本再生数σ,对SIQRS传染病动力学模型通过构造不同的Liapunov泛函证明了无病平衡点全局渐近稳定的充分条件,对于SIQRS的传染病模型的地方病平衡点证得了该平衡点的局部稳定.     

具有无症状的疟疾传播模型的最优控制和敏感性分析

研究了一类具有无症状感染者的疟疾媒介传染病模型的各类平衡点的存在性与稳定性,给出了基本再生数的精确表达式,讨论了疾病的持久性,以及参数关于基本再生数的敏感性和疾病的最优控制问题,并通过数值模拟验证了理论结果的正确性.     

具有迁移效应和隔离措施的COVID-19传播模型分析

基于COVID-19传播过程中人口流动的必然性、无症状感染者的普遍性和隔离策略的有效性,该文提出了一类具有迁移效应、无症状感染者、自我防护意识和隔离策略的COVID-19传播动力学模型,利用下一代矩阵方法给出了各类子系统和全系统基本再生数的精确表达式.进一步地,通过采用线性近似理论,构造Lyapunov函数、比较原理等方法,得到了无病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性以及疾病的持久性.最后,数值模拟解释了主要的理论结果以及人口的迁移和隔离对疾病传播的影响.     

基于斑块环境下SIS传染病模型局部稳定性分析

首先在双线性传染率βSI和不考虑种群之间迁移问题的SIS传染病模型的基础上,改进并增加种群迁移带来的影响条件,并建立一个更加符合实际意义的SIS传染病模型;在模型满足一定条件和符合实际意义下,平衡点存在的基础上,利用基本再生数R0和特征值理论分析得出,在R0≤1时无病平衡点局部渐近稳定的充分条件;进一步利用基本再生数R0和分块矩阵理论得出,当R01时地方病平衡点局部渐近稳定的充分条件;模型的建立和研究进一步丰富了传染病模型。     

带有治疗项的SIS反应扩散传染病模型动力学分析

考虑了一类带有饱和治疗项的SIS反应扩散传染病模型。根据最小特征值得到疾病流行阈值——基本再生数,当基本再生数R01时,疾病的无病平衡点局部稳定;当R01时,无病平衡点不稳定且存在地方病平衡点。通过数值模拟,讨论了治疗项对疾病传播的影响。当疾病流行时,加强治愈率可以有效控制疾病的发展,然而扩大医院规模会促使疾病更大规模的流行。     

1个带有饱和发生率的病毒模型动力学性质分析

研究了1个带有饱和发生率的病毒模型,讨论了该系统平衡点的存在性,从另外1个角度分析了该系统各平衡点的稳定性,通过数值模拟验证了结果的正确性.     

具有年龄结构和水平传播的媒介传染病模型研究

考虑到病毒变异和感染年龄的普遍存在性,提出了一类具有潜伏年龄和水平传播的媒介-宿主传染病模型,给出了基本再生数R0的精确表达式,刻画了该模型无病平衡态和地方病平衡态的存在性.进一步,利用线性近似方法和构造合适的Lyapunov函数及LaSalle不变原理等方法,证明了当R0<1时,无病平衡态ε0是全局渐近稳定的,疾病也...     

Transgenic anopheline mosquitoes impaired in transmission of a malaria parasite

Malaria is estimated to cause 0.7 to 2.7 million deaths per year, but the actual figures could be substantially higher owing to under-reporting and difficulties in diagnosis. If no new control measures are developed, the malaria death toll is projected to double in the next 20 years. Efforts to control the disease are hampered by drug resistance in the Plasmodium parasites, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, and the lack of an effective vaccine. Because mosquitoes are obligatory vectors for malaria transmission, the spread of malaria could be curtailed by rendering them incapable of transmitting parasites. Many of the tools required for the genetic manipulation of mosquito competence for malaria transmission have been developed. Foreign genes can now be introduced into the germ line of both culicine and anopheline mosquitoes, and these transgenes can be expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Here we report on the use of such tools to generate transgenic mosquitoes that express antiparasitic genes in their midgut epithelium, thus rendering them inefficient vectors for the disease. These findings have significant implications for the development of new strategies for malaria control.     

Vaccination with purified microgamete antigens prevents transmission of rodent malaria

Malaria vaccination with preparations of microgametes has been shown to inhibit transmission of Plasmodium spp. to the mosquito vectors of avian, rodent and simian parasites. This transmission-blocking immunity results from the induction of microgamete-agglutinating antibodies in the vaccinated host which, when ingested in a mosquito blood meal, react with exflagellating microgametes in the midgut to prevent fertilization and oocyst development. Here we have passively transferred the immunity with gamete-specific monoclonal antibodies raised against the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis, and an IgG2a isotype monoclonal antibody from a hybridoma cell line, PYG-1, has been used to identify the target antigens on the gametes and to affinity-purify sufficient quantities of specific gamete antigen to facilitate vaccination studies. This transmission-blocking monoclonal antibody immunoprecipitated microgamete antigens of apparent relative molecular mass (Mr), 67K (67,000), 59K, 57K, 42K and 35K. Immunization of mice with these proteins before infection and mosquito feeding led to a 85-99.7% reduction in transmission to the mosquito vector; vaccination via intravenous or intramuscular routes was equally effective and did not require an adjuvant.     

Induction of protective immunity against experimental infection with malaria using synthetic peptides

Synthetic peptides are potential vaccine candidates because they may be able to induce high antibody titres and specific cellular immune responses against native proteins and thus the whole invading organism. In a previous study we showed that immunization with molecules of relative molecular mass (Mr) 155,000 (155K) 83K, 55K and 35K, specific for the late schizont and merozoite stages of Plasmodium falciparum, could elicit either partial or total protection in Aotus trivirgatus monkeys experimentally infected with P. falciparum. Here we have chemically synthesized 18 peptides corresponding to different fragments of these proteins to immunize Aotus trivirgatus monkeys. Some peptides gave partial protection from challenge with P. falciparum parasites, but none provided complete protection individually. A combination of three partially protective peptides gave complete or almost complete protection, however, suggesting that this particular combination of peptides is a good candidate for a malaria vaccine.     

Cell-mediated immunity in the liver of mice vaccinated against malaria.

Mice can be protected against several species of lethal malaria infection by vaccination, and their recovery correlates well with increased anti-malarial antibody levels, particularly IgG (ref.2). However, there is also a good correlation between protection by vaccines and priming for delayed-type hypersensitivity in the skin, although there is no obvious explanation for this effect. We now report an apparent relationship between protection and a cell-mediated immune response involving the migration of various types of cell capable of killing malaria parasites in vitro to the liver. We suggest that the effect of vaccination is to bring together parasites, specific antibody and nonspecific cytotoxic cells, and that the liver may be a major site for their interaction.     

百力康片对机体体液免疫功能的影响

研究百力康片对机体体液免疫功能的影响.应用Jerne's改良玻片法对百力康片干预组与其对照组的小鼠的半数溶血值(HC50)和抗体生成细胞检测.各剂量组的HC50 与正常对照组比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05),高、中剂量组溶血空斑数与正常对照组比较差异均显著(P<0.05).百力康片不能提高HC50 ,而在高、中剂量条件下能够增强抗体生成细胞功能.     

球磨机传动间隙对起动过程的影响

针对球磨机起动过程中的冲击振动对球磨机的可靠运行以及工作寿命有影响的问题,应用系统动力学定量分析了球磨机直接起动以及分段起动时,由于传动间隙所引起的冲击动载荷,建立了相应的数学计算模型。应用该模型能够准确地计算出球磨机起动时由传动间隙引起的冲击动载荷的大小,为球磨机的合理设计制造以及现场安装提供依据。     

变化的淹水条件对土壤磷素释放影响

为了研究农业磷引起的水体富营养化机理,选择太湖流域宜兴稻麦轮作土,模拟了变化的淹水深度、水土比、不同酸度上覆淹水等,进行了淹水土壤磷释放研究.实验表明:土壤释磷量随淹水深度成比例增加,同一淹水深度土壤吸附/释放磷量出现周期性变化规律;实验得到一个临界水土比4:1,水土比小于4:1时,淹水中没有Fe2 溶出,且土壤磷释放缓慢,而水土比大于4:1时,磷释放强度增大,上覆淹水中开始出现Fe2 ,且随水土比增大而增加;碱性淹水条件时土壤释磷量大于酸性淹水条件时的释磷鼍,其中上覆水pH9.78时土壤释磷量最大,而pH3.7时土壤总铁和Fe2 释放量最大,但此时释磷量很低,表明淹水中水-土体系Fe2 -Fe2 氧化物氢氧化物胶体一定程度上抑制土壤磷的释放.